[1] |
Tong, M.J., Pan, C.Q., Han, S.H.B., et al. (2018) An Expert Consensus for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B in Asian Americans. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 47, 1542-1543. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14662 |
[2] |
Chu, C.M. and Liaw, Y.F. (2010) Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroclear-ance during Chronic HBV Infection. Antiviral Therapy, 15, 133-143. https://doi.org/10.3851/IMP1497 |
[3] |
Mak, M.F. (2020) Use of HBsAg Quantification in the Natural History and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B. Hepatology In-ternational, 14, 35-46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-019-09998-5 |
[4] |
Yip, T.C.F., Wong, G.L.H., Chan, H.L.Y., et al. (2019) HBsAg Seroclearance Further Reduces Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk after Complete Viral Sup-pression with Nucleos(t)ide Analogues. Journal of Hepatology, 70, 361-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2018.10.014 |
[5] |
Yeo, Y., Ho, H., Yang, H., et al. (2018) Factors Associated with Rates of HBsAg Seroclearance in Adults with Chronic HBV Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Gas-troenterology, 156, 635-646.e9. |
[6] |
Chen, Y., Sheen, I., Chu, C., et al. (2002) Prognosis Following Spontaneous HBsAg Seroclearance in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with or without Concurrent Infection. Gastroenterology, 123, 1084-1089. https://doi.org/10.1053/gast.2002.36026 |
[7] |
Arase, Y., Ikeda, K., Suzuki, F., et al. (2006) Long-Term Outcome after Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroclearance in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B. The American Journal of Medicine, 119, e9-e16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.02.033 |
[8] |
Chu, C.M. and Liaw, Y.F. (2007) HBsAg Seroclearance in Asymptomatic Carriers of High Endemic Areas: Appreciably High Rates during a Long-Term Follow-Up. Hepatology, 45, 1187-1192. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.21612 |
[9] |
Qu, L., Liu, J., Zhang, H., et al. (2015) Effect of Serum Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Levels on Predicting the Clinical Outcomes of Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: A Me-ta-Analysis. Hepatology Research, 45, 1004-1013. https://doi.org/10.1111/hepr.12444 |
[10] |
Hsu, H.-Y., et al. (2015) The Effects of Cytokines on Spontaneous Hepa-titis B Surface Antigen Seroconversion in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. The Journal of Immunology: Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists, 194, 690-696. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1401659 |
[11] |
Chan, L.Y., Wong, L.H., Tse, C.H., et al. (2011) Viral Determi-nants of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroclearance in Hepatitis B e Antigen-Negative Chronic Hepatitis B Patients. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 204, 408-414. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jir283 |
[12] |
Liu, J., Lee, M.H., Batrla-Utermann, R., et al. (2013) A Predictive Scor-ing System for the Seroclearance of HBsAg in HBeAg-Seronegative Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Genotype B or C Infection. Journal of Hepatology, 58, 853-860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2012.12.006 |
[13] |
Chen, Y.C., Jeng, W.J., Chu, C.M., et al. (2012) Decreasing Levels of HBsAg Predict HBsAg Seroclearance in Patients with Inactive Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Clinical Gastro-enterology & Hepatology: The Official Clinical Practice Journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 10, 297-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2011.08.029 |
[14] |
Hu, Y., Feng, Z., Liu, J., et al. (2016) Virological Determinants of Spontaneous Postpartum e Antigen Seroconversion and Surface Antigen Seroclearance in Pregnant Women Infected with Hepatitis B Virus. Archives of Medical Research, 47, 207-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2016.06.008 |
[15] |
Lim, T.H., Gane, E., Moyes, C., et al. (2016) HBsAg Loss in a New Zealand Community Study with 28-Year Follow-Up: Rates, Predictors and Long-Term Outcomes. Hepatology In-ternational, 10, 829-837. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-016-9709-6 |
[16] |
Yeo, Y.H., Tseng, T.C., Hosaka, T., et al. (2020) Incidence, Fac-tors, and Patient-Level Data for Spontaneous HBsAg Seroclearance: A Cohort Study of 11,264 Patients. Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology, 11, e00196. https://doi.org/10.14309/ctg.0000000000000196 |
[17] |
Lampertico, P., Agarwal, K., Berg, T., et al. (2017) EASL 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Journal of Hepatology, 67, 370-398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2017.03.021 |
[18] |
Terrault, N.A., Bzowej, N.H., Brown, R.S., et al. (2013) Update on Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B: AASLD 2018 Hepatitis B Guidance. |
[19] |
Sonneveld, M., Chiu, S., Park, J., et al. (2022) Probability of HBsAg Loss after Nucleo(s)tide Analogue Withdrawal Depends on HBV Genotype and Viral Antigen Levels. |
[20] |
Wai-Kay, S., et al. (2013) Reduction of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Levels and Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroclearance in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Receiving 10 Years of Nucleoside Ana-logue Therapy. Hepatology, 58, 923-931. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.26376 |
[21] |
Elbasiony, M., Shiha, G., El-Desoky, A.A., et al. (2016) Hepatitis B Sur-face Antigen Quantitation as a Predictor of Treatment Response in Chronic Hepatitis B. Medical Journal of Viral Hepati-tis, 2, 1-11. |
[22] |
Darling, J.M., Aerssens, J., Fanning, G., et al. (2011) Quantitation of Pretreatment Serum Interfer-on-γ-Inducible Protein-10 Improves the Predictive Value of an IL28B Gene Polymorphism for Hepatitis C Treatment Response. Hepatology, 53, 14-22. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.24056 |
[23] |
Papatheodoridi, M., Hadziyannis, E., Berby, F., et al. (2020) Predictors of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Loss, Relapse and Retreatment after Discontinuation of Effective Oral Antiviral Therapy in Noncirrhotic HBeAg-Negative Chronic Hepatitis B. Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 27, 118-126. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.13211 |
[24] |
Xia, M., Liao, G., Chen, H., et al. (2019) Plasma CXCL13 Is a Predictive Factor for HBsAg Loss and Clinical Relapse after Discontinuation of Nucleos(t)ide Analogue Treatment. Clinical Immunology, 198, 31-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2018.11.016 |
[25] |
Liao, G., Liu, Z., Xia, M., et al. (2022) Soluble Programmed Cell Death-1 Is a Novel Predictor of HBsAg Loss in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients When Long-Term Nucleos(t)ide Analog Treatment Is Discontinued. Infection and Drug Resistance, 15, 2347-2357. https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S360202 |
[26] |
Papatheodoridis, G.V., Cornberg, M., Xie, Q., et al. (2017) Incidence and Risk Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Retrospective Analysis of the S-Collate Study. Hepatology Interna-tional, 11, S4. |
[27] |
Dusheiko, G., Zoulim, F., Esteban, R., et al. (2009) EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of Chronic Hepatitis B. Journal of Hepatology, 50, 227-242. |
[28] |
Lee, C.Y., Lee, S.-S., Su, C.-J., et al. (2018) Inci-dence and Predictors of HBsAg Loss after Peginterferon Therapy in HBeAg-Negative Chronic Hepatitis B: A Multicen-ter, Long-Term Follow-Up Study. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 218, 1075-1084. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy272 |
[29] |
Cao, Z.H., Liu, Y.L., Ma, L.N., et al. (2017) A Potent Hepatitis B Sur-face Antigen Response in Subjects with Inactive Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Carrier Treated with Pegylated-Interferon Alpha. Hepatology, 66, 1058-1066. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.29213 |
[30] |
Wu, F.-P., et al. (2020) Add-On Pegylated Interferon Augments Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Clearance vs Continuous Nucleos(t)ide Analog Monotherapy in Chinese Patients with Chronic Hepa-titis B and Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ≤ 1500 IU/mL: An Observational Study. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 26, 148-162. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v26.i13.1525 |
[31] |
Brakenhoff, S.M., de Knegt, R., Oliveira, J., et al. (2023) Levels of Antibodies to Hepatitis B Core Antigen Are Associated with Liver Inflammation and Response to Peginterferon in Pa-tients with Chronic Hepatitis B. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 227, 113-122. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac210 |
[32] |
Li, H., Liu, L.L., Qin, L., et al. (2022) Low Level of HBcrAg Is Benefi-cial to Functional Cure Obtained with Pegylated Interferon Therapy in Inactive HBsAg Carriers. Journal of Hepatology, 77, S665-S939. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-8278(22)02034-7 |
[33] |
Hu, P., Shang, J., Zhang, W., et al. (2018) HBsAg Loss with Peg-Interferon Alfa-2a in Hepatitis B Patients with Partial Response to Nucleos(t)ide Analog: New Switch Study. Jour-nal of Clinical & Translational Hepatology, 6, 25-34. https://doi.org/10.14218/JCTH.2017.00072 |
[34] |
Ning, Q., Han, M., Sun, Y., et al. (2014) Switching from Entecavir to Peg-IFN alfa-2a in Patients with HBeAg-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B: A Randomised Open-Label Trial (OSST Trial). Journal of Hepatology, 61, 777-784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2014.05.044 |
[35] |
Wang, W.X., Jia, R., Gao, Y.Y., et al. (2022) Quantitative An-ti-HBc Combined with Quantitative HBsAg Can Predict HBsAg Clearance in Sequential Combination Therapy with PEG-IFN-α in NA-Suppressed Chronic Hepatitis B Patients. Frontiers in Immunology, 13, Article ID: 894410. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.894410 |
[36] |
Ferrari, C. (2015) HBV and the Immune Response. Liver International, 35, 121-128. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.12749 |
[37] |
Edman, J.C., Gray, P., Valenzuela, P., et al. (1980) Integration of Hepatitis B Virus Sequences and Their Expression in a Human Hepatoma Cell. Nature, 286, 535-538. https://doi.org/10.1038/286535a0 |
[38] |
Erken, R., Loukachov, V., van Dort, K., et al. (2022) Quantified Integrated Hepatitis B Virus Is Related to Viral Activity in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B. Hepatology, 76, 196-206. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.32352 |
[39] |
McMahon, B.J. (2009) The Natural History of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Hepatology (Baltimore, MD), 49, S45-S55. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.22898 |
[40] |
Chaung, K.T., Ha, N.B., Trinh, H.N., et al. (2012) High Frequency of Recurrent Viremia after Hepatitis B e Antigen Seroconversion and Consolidation Therapy. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 46, 865-870. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0b013e31825ceed9 |
[41] |
Song, A., Lin, X. and Chen, X. (2021) Functional Cure for Chronic Hepatitis B: Accessibility, Durability, and Prognosis. Virology Journal, 18, Article No. 114. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-021-01589-x |
[42] |
Lok, A.S., Zoulim, F., Dusheiko, G., et al. (2017) Hepatitis B Cure: From Discovery to Regulatory Approval. Journal of Hepatology, 67, 847-861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2017.05.008 |
[43] |
Wu, Y., Liu, Y., Lu, J., et al. (2020) Durability of Interfer-on-Induced Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroclearance. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 18, 514-516.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2019.04.020 |
[44] |
Alawad, A.S., Auh, S., Suarez, D., et al. (2020) Durability of Spontaneous and Treatment-Related Loss of Hepatitis B s Antigen. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 18, 700-709.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2019.07.018 |
[45] |
Yip, T.C.F., Wong, G.L.H., Wong, V.W.S., et al. (2018) Durability of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroclearance in Untreated and Nucleos(t)ide Analogue-Treated Pa-tients. Journal of Hepatology, 68, 63-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2017.09.018 |
[46] |
Kim, G.A., Lim, Y.S., An, J., et al. (2014) HBsAg Seroclearance after Nucleoside Analogue Therapy in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B: Clinical Outcomes and Durability. Gut, 63, 1325-1332. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2013-305517 |
[47] |
Wong, R.J., Nguyen, M.T., Trinh, H.N., et al. (2017) Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Loss and Sustained Viral Suppression in Asian Chronic Hepatitis B Patients: A Community-Based Re-al-World Study. Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 24, 1089-1097. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.12736 |
[48] |
Suárez, E., Buti, M., Rodríguez, M., et al. (2019) Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Loss after Discontinuing Nucleos(t)ide Analogue for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Is Persistent in White Patients. European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 31, 267-271. https://doi.org/10.1097/MEG.0000000000001289 |
[49] |
Shi, Z., Zheng, H., Han, M., et al. (2022) Durability of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroclearance in Patients Experienced Nucleoside Analogs or Interferon Monotherapy: A Real-World Data from Electronic Health Record. Genes & Diseases, 10, 1019-1028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gendis.2022.03.003 |
[50] |
Zeng, Q.L., Yu, Z.J., Shang, J., et al. (2020) Short-Term Pegin-terferon-Induced High Functional Cure Rate in Inactive Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Carriers with Low Surface Antigen Levels. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 7, ofaa208. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa208 |
[51] |
Li, M.H., Yi, W., Zhang, L., et al. (2019) Predictors of Sustained Func-tional Cure in Hepatitis B Envelope Antigen-Negative Patients Achieving Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroclearance with Interferon-Alpha-Based Therapy. Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 26, 32-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.13151 |
[52] |
Gao, N., Yu, H., Zhang, J., et al. (2022) Role of Hepatitis B Surface Antibody in Seroreversion of Hepatitis B Surface Anti-gen in Patients Achieving Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Loss with Pegylated Interferon-Based Therapy. Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 29, 899-907. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.13734 |
[53] |
Wu, D., Wang, P., Han, M., et al. (2019) Sequential Combination Therapy with Interferon, Interleukin-2 and Therapeutic Vaccine in Entecavir-Suppressed Chronic Hepatitis B Patients: The Endeavor Study. Hepatology International, 13, 573-586. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-019-09956-1 |
[54] |
Lu, R., Wu, F., Liu, Y., et al. (2021) Durability of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroclearance Induced by Peginterferon Alpha-Based Regimens. Journal of Hepatology, 75, S758-S759. |
[55] |
Gao, N., Wu, H.S., Yu, H.Y., et al. (2023) Predictor of HBsAg Seroconversion in Patients Achieving Serum HBsAg Loss with Pegylated Interferon-Based Therapy. AASLD, Abstract (1374-C). |
[56] |
Pan, C.Q., Li, M.H., Yi, W., et al. (2021) Outcome of Chinese Patients with Hepatitis B at 96 Weeks after Functional Cure with IFN versus Combination Regimens. Liver International, 41, 1498-1508. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.14801 |
[57] |
Lok, A.S., Zoulim, F., Dusheiko, G., et al. (2020) Durability of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Loss with Nucleotide Analogue and Peginterferon Therapy in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B. Hepatology Communications, 4, 8-20. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep4.1436 |
[58] |
Song, A., Wang, X., Lu, J., et al. (2021) Durability of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroclearance and Subsequent Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 28, 601-612. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.13471 |
[59] |
Huang, D., Wu, D., Wang, P., et al. (2022) End-of-Treatment HBcrAg and HBsAb Levels Identify Durable Functional Cure after Peg-IFN-Based Therapy in Patients with CHB. Journal of Hepa-tology, 77, 42-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2022.01.021 |
[60] |
Yuen, M.F., Wong, D.K.H., Sablon, E., et al. (2004) HBsAg Se-roclearance in Chronic Hepatitis B in the Chinese: Virological, Histological, and Clinical Aspects. Hepatology, 39, 1694-1701. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.20240 |
[61] |
Idilman, R., Cinar, K., Seven, G., et al. (2012) Hepatitis B Sur-face Antigen Seroconversion Is Associated with Favourable Long-Term Clinical Outcomes during Lamivudine Treatment in HBeAg-Negative Chronic Hepatitis B Patients. Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 19, 220-226. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2893.2011.01542.x |
[62] |
Chen, Y.C., Jeng, W.J., Chien, R.N., et al. (2016) Clinical Outcomes after Spontaneous and Nucleos(t)ide Analogue-Treated HB sAg Seroclearance in Chronic HBV Infection. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 43, 1311-1318. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13630 |
[63] |
Ferreira, S.C., Chachá, S.G.F., Souza, F.F., et al. (2014) Factors Associated with Spontaneous HBsAg Clearance in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Followed at a University Hospital. Annals of Hepa-tology, 13, 762-770. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1665-2681(19)30978-0 |
[64] |
Tseng, T.C., Liu, C.J., Yang, H.C., et al. (2012) Determi-nants of Spontaneous Surface Antigen Loss in Hepatitis B e Antigen-Negative Patients with a Low Viral Load. Hepatol-ogy, 55, 68-76. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.24615 |
[65] |
Research, E.O.F., Cancer, T.O. and European Association for the Study of the Liver (2012) EASL-EORTC Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Journal of Hepatology, 56, 908-943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2011.12.001 |
[66] |
庄辉. 《慢性乙型肝炎防治指南(2022年版)》修订过程中关于慢性HBV感染自然史的讨论[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2023, 39(6): 1295-1298. |
[67] |
Durantel, D. (2017) New Treat-ments to Reach Functional Cure: Virological Approaches. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology, 31, 329-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpg.2017.05.002 |