摘要: 大白花杜鹃具有较高的观赏价值。本研究采用DNA分子标记SSR技术对分布于云南省会泽县和香格里拉市的大白花杜鹃3个种群进行遗传变异分析。利用8对基因组SSR引物对白色、粉色、粉红色3类不同花色的41个大白花杜鹃进行遗传关系分析，主要结果如下：1) 遗传多样性分析表明，结果共扩增出位点80个，3个大白花杜鹃群体的遗传多样性水平较高；2) 遗传结构分析表明，3个不同花色类群的遗传距离较远；3) 分子方差分析表明，大白花杜鹃的变异主要在种群内，占80%，群体间变异仅占20%。因此，本研究认为：大白花杜鹃不同地理群体的遗传多样性较高；遗传分化水平低，相似度高；遗传变异以种群内变异为主。大白花杜鹃的遗传多样性与花色多样性无直接关系。所以，保护大白花杜鹃的遗传多样性时，应保存尽可能多的特异单株，为云南大白花杜鹃种质的评价、优异基因挖掘和抗性材料选择等提供科学依据。

Abstract:The distribution of Rhododendron decorum Franch. in Yunnan Province has a high ornamental value. In this study, the genetic variation analysis was performed on three populations of Rhodo-dendron decorum Franch. variegata distributed in Huize County and Shangri-La City of Yunnan Province using DNA molecular marker SSR technology, using 8 pairs of genomic SSR primers to inherit relationship analysis of 41 individual in Rhododendron decorum Franch. with white, pink, pink. The main results are as follows: 1) Genetic diversity analysis showed that a total of 80 loci were amplified, and the genetic diversity of three populations of Rhododendron decorum Franch. was higher. 2) Genetic structure analysis showed that the genetic distances of the three different flower color groups were far away. 3) Molecular analysis of variance showed that the variation of Rhododendron decorum Franch. was mainly in the population, accounting for 80%, and the variation between groups was only 20%. Therefore, this study suggests that the genetic diversity of different geographical populations of Rhododendron decorum Franch. is higher; the level of genetic differentiation is low and the similarity is high; the genetic variation is dominated by intra-population variation. There is no direct relationship between the kinship of Rhododendron decorum Franch. and the flower color. Therefore, when protecting the genetic diversity of Rhododendron decorum Franch., it is necessary to preserve as many specific individual plants as possible, so as to provide scientific evidence for the evaluation of Rhododendron decorum Franch. germplasm, excellent gene excavation and selection of resistant materials in Yunnan.