[1] |
Bortoluzzi, A., Furini, F. and Scirè, C.A. (2018) Osteoarthritis and Its Management—Epidemiology, Nutritional Aspects and Environmental Factors. Autoimmunity Reviews, 17, 1097-1104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2018.06.002 |
[2] |
Coaccioli, S., Sarzi-Puttini, P., Zis, P., Rinonapoli, G. and Varrassi, G. (2022) Osteoarthritis: New Insight on Its Pathophysiology. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11, Article 6013. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11206013 |
[3] |
Lee, J.Y., Han, K., Park, Y.G. and Park, S. (2019) Association of Leg Muscle Symmetry with Knee Osteoarthritis. Clinical Rheumatology, 38, 3549-3556. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-019-04757-1 |
[4] |
Ozeki, N., Koga, H. and Sekiya, I. (2022) Degenerative Meniscus in Knee Osteoarthritis: From Pathology to Treatment. Life, 12, Article 603. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12040603 |
[5] |
Schulze-Tanzil, G. (2019) Intraarticular Ligament Degeneration Is Interrelated with Cartilage and Bone Destruction in Osteoarthritis. Cells, 8, Article 990. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8090990 |
[6] |
Donell, S. (2019) Subchondral Bone Remodelling in Osteoarthritis. EFORT Open Reviews, 4, 221-229. https://doi.org/10.1302/2058-5241.4.180102 |
[7] |
Allen, K.D., Thoma, L.M. and Golightly, Y.M. (2022) Epidemiology of Osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 30, 184-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2021.04.020 |
[8] |
Cui, A., Li, H., Wang, D., Zhong, J., Chen, Y. and Lu, H. (2020) Global, Regional Prevalence, Incidence and Risk Factors of Knee Osteoarthritis in Population-Based Studies. EClinicalMedicine, 29, Article 100587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100587 |
[9] |
Wang, H., Cheng, Y., Shao, D., Chen, J., Sang, Y., Gui, T., et al. (2016) Metabolic Syndrome Increases the Risk for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Meta‐Analysis. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016, Article ID: 7242478. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7242478 |
[10] |
Liu, S., Zhu, W., Chen, B., Chen, Y. and Ni, G. (2020) Bidirectional Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Osteoarthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 12, Article No. 38. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-020-00547-x |
[11] |
Pan, F., Tian, J., Mattap, S.M., Cicuttini, F. and Jones, G. (2019) Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Knee Structural Change on MRI. Rheumatology, 59, 185-193. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kez266 |
[12] |
He, Y., Li, Z., Alexander, P.G., Ocasio-Nieves, B.D., Yocum, L., Lin, H., et al. (2020) Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis: Risk Factors, Regulatory Pathways in Chondrocytes, and Experimental Models. Biology, 9, Article 194. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9080194 |
[13] |
Coggon, D., Reading, I., Croft, P., McLaren, M., Barrett, D. and Cooper, C. (2001) Knee Osteoarthritis and Obesity. International Journal of Obesity, 25, 622-627. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0801585 |
[14] |
Chen, L., Zheng, J.J.Y., Li, G., Yuan, J., Ebert, J.R., Li, H., et al. (2020) Pathogenesis and Clinical Management of Obesity-Related Knee Osteoarthritis: Impact of Mechanical Loading. Journal of Orthopaedic Translation, 24, 66-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jot.2020.05.001 |
[15] |
Hikida, M., Nakajima, M. and Nakata, K. (2021) Cyclic Compressive Mechanical Loading on Three Dimensional Cultured Tissue of Human Chondrocytes Synergistically Upregulates MMP-3 Gene Expression with IL-1β. Journal of Osaka Dental University, 55, 91-98. https://doi.org/10.18905/jodu.55.1_91 |
[16] |
Hirose, N., Okamoto, Y., Yanoshita, M., Asakawa, Y., Sumi, C., Takano, M., et al. (2020) Protective Effects of Cilengitide on Inflammation in Chondrocytes under Excessive Mechanical Stress. Cell Biology International, 44, 966-974. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbin.11293 |
[17] |
Yanoshita, M., Hirose, N., Okamoto, Y., Sumi, C., Takano, M., Nishiyama, S., et al. (2018) Cyclic Tensile Strain Upregulates Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Expression via FAK-MAPK Signaling in Chondrocytes. Inflammation, 41, 1621-1630. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-018-0805-8 |
[18] |
Gløersen, M., Steen Pettersen, P., Neogi, T., Jafarzadeh, S.R., Vistnes, M., Thudium, C.S., et al. (2022) Associations of Body Mass Index with Pain and the Mediating Role of Inflammatory Biomarkers in People with Hand Osteoarthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatology, 74, 810-817. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.42056 |
[19] |
Wang, T. and He, C. (2018) Pro-inflammatory Cytokines: The Link between Obesity and Osteoarthritis. Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, 44, 38-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.10.002 |
[20] |
Purdy, J.C. and Shatzel, J.J. (2020) The Hematologic Consequences of Obesity. European Journal of Haematology, 106, 306-319. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejh.13560 |
[21] |
Sun, A.R., Panchal, S.K., Friis, T., Sekar, S., Crawford, R., Brown, L., et al. (2017) Obesity-Associated Metabolic Syndrome Spontaneously Induces Infiltration of Pro-Inflammatory Macrophage in Synovium and Promotes Osteoarthritis. PLOS ONE, 12, e0183693. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183693 |
[22] |
Liu, B., Zhang, M., Zhao, J., Zheng, M. and Yang, H. (2018) Imbalance of M1/M2 Macrophages Is Linked to Severity Level of Knee Osteoarthritis. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 16, 5009-5014. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.6852 |
[23] |
Gu, X., Wang, L., Liu, S. and Shan, T. (2023) Adipose Tissue Adipokines and Lipokines: Functions and Regulatory Mechanism in Skeletal Muscle Development and Homeostasis. Metabolism, 139, Article 155379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155379 |
[24] |
Xie, C. and Chen, Q. (2019) Adipokines: New Therapeutic Target for Osteoarthritis? Current Rheumatology Reports, 21, Article No. 71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-019-0868-z |
[25] |
Yan, M., Zhang, J., Yang, H. and Sun, Y. (2018) The Role of Leptin in Osteoarthritis. Medicine, 97, e0257. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000010257 |
[26] |
Lambova, S.N., Batsalova, T., Moten, D., Stoyanova, S., Georgieva, E., Belenska-Todorova, L., et al. (2021) Serum Leptin and Resistin Levels in Knee Osteoarthritis—Clinical and Radiologic Links: Towards Precise Definition of Metabolic Type Knee Osteoarthritis. Biomedicines, 9, Article 1019. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9081019 |
[27] |
Min, S., Shi, T., Han, X., Chen, D., Xu, Z., Shi, D., et al. (2020) Serum Levels of Leptin, Osteopontin, and Sclerostin in Patients with and without Knee Osteoarthritis. Clinical Rheumatology, 40, 287-294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-020-05150-z |
[28] |
Kroon, F.P.B., Veenbrink, A.I., de Mutsert, R., Visser, A.W., van Dijk, K.W., le Cessie, S., et al. (2019) The Role of Leptin and Adiponectin as Mediators in the Relationship between Adiposity and Hand and Knee Osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 27, 1761-1767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2019.08.003 |
[29] |
Dumond, H., Presle, N., Terlain, B., Mainard, D., Loeuille, D., Netter, P., et al. (2003) Evidence for a Key Role of Leptin in Osteoarthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 48, 3118-3129. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.11303 |
[30] |
Presle, N., Pottie, P., Dumond, H., Guillaume, C., Lapicque, F., Pallu, S., et al. (2006) Differential Distribution of Adipokines between Serum and Synovial Fluid in Patients with Osteoarthritis. Contribution of Joint Tissues to Their Articular Production. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 14, 690-695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2006.01.009 |
[31] |
Orellana, C., Calvet, J., Berenguer-Llergo, A., Albiñana, N., García Manrique, M., Galisteo Lencastre, C., et al. (2020) Synovial Adiponectin Was More Associated with Clinical Severity than Synovial Leptin in Women with Knee Osteoarthritis. CARTILAGE, 13, 1675S-1683S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1947603520904776 |
[32] |
Han, W., Aitken, D., Zheng, S., Wang, B., Wluka, A.E., Zhu, Z., et al. (2019) Higher Serum Levels of Resistin Are Associated with Knee Synovitis and Structural Abnormalities in Patients with Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 20, 1242-1246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2019.07.001 |
[33] |
Alissa, E.M., Alzughaibi, L.S. and Marzouki, Z.M. (2020) Relationship between Serum Resistin, Body Fat and Inflammatory Markers in Females with Clinical Knee Osteoarthritis. The Knee, 27, 45-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2019.12.009 |
[34] |
Ching, K., Houard, X., Berenbaum, F. and Wen, C. (2021) Hypertension Meets Osteoarthritis—Revisiting the Vascular Aetiology Hypothesis. Nature Reviews Rheumatology, 17, 533-549. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41584-021-00650-x |
[35] |
Niu, J., Clancy, M., Aliabadi, P., Vasan, R. and Felson, D.T. (2017) Metabolic Syndrome, Its Components, and Knee Osteoarthritis: The Framingham Osteoarthritis Study. Arthritis & Rheumatology, 69, 1194-1203. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.40087 |
[36] |
Findlay, D.M. (2007) Vascular Pathology and Osteoarthritis. Rheumatology, 46, 1763-1768. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kem191 |
[37] |
Shi, X. and Schlenk, E.A. (2022) Association of Hypertension with Knee Pain Severity among People with Knee Osteoarthritis. Pain Management Nursing, 23, 135-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2021.08.002 |
[38] |
Lo, K., Au, M., Ni, J. and Wen, C. (2022) Association between Hypertension and Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Journal of Orthopaedic Translation, 32, 12-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jot.2021.05.003 |