The Spatiotemporal Distribution Characteristics of Short-Term Heavy Rainfall during the Flood Season in Yanhe County
Using hourly precipitation data from 22 stations including the national station in Yanhe County during the flood season from 2014 to 2020 (April to October), the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of short-term heavy rainfall in Yanhe County during the flood season were statistically analyzed. The results showed that: 1) The spatial distribution of the frequency of short-term heavy rainfall during flood season in Yanhe County is characterized by high-value areas in the northwest and southeast, and low-value areas in the middle, and there are three high-value centers, whose spatial distribution of precipitation intensity is strong in the east and weak in the west, and the high-value center in the southeast of the county is mainly dominated by short-term heavy rainfall above 40 mm/h; 2) The high occurrence period of short-term heavy rainfall in Yanhe County during the flood season occurred in June to July, and the rainfall intensity was weak in April and October, but the average rainfall intensity was the highest in May and June; 3) The diurnal variation of short-term heavy rainfall showed obvious night rain: the frequent period was mainly concentrated from 2 am to 9 am the next day, accounting for 51% of the total station, and its intensity distribution was greater at night than during the day; 4) The short-term heavy rainfall with an intensity above 60 mm/h mainly occurred from 21 pm to 10 am the next day, with a total of 18 stops, and only 5 stops in the rest of the day. However, the short-term heavy rainfall occurred in the morning with greater intensity and more stops, further indicating the characteristics of night rain of short-term heavy rainfall in Yanhe County.
Yanhe County
周晓敏
本文选取2014年至2020年汛期(4~10月) 22个气象观测站(含国家站)逐小时降水数据作为研究对象,
图2. 短时强降水空间分布图。(a) 发生频次(单位:次),(b) 平均降水强度(单位:mm/h)
从沿河县2010年至2020年短时强降水发生站次和平均强度年际变化曲线(
从2010年至2020年沿河县汛期短时强降水发生站次和平均强度月际变化(
图4. 短时强降水发生站次和平均强度月际变化(a)、各等级短时强降水站次(b)
从该县短时强降水平均强度和发生站次日变化曲线(
各等级短时强降水站次日变化曲线
图6. 各等级短时强降水站次(a)和各等级降水量占总降水量百分比(b)日变化曲线
1) 沿河县短时强降水发生频次空间分布表现为西北、东南高值区,且存在三个高值中心,其降水强度空间分布表现为东强西弱,县东南部谯家镇和中界镇两个高值中心主要以40 mm/h以上短时强降水为主,而西南部则以20~40 mm/h强度降水为主;
2) 沿河县短时强降水无明显的年际变化趋势,发生站次最多为169站次(2016年),最少为65站次(2015年);其发生站次月变化表现为明显的单峰型,6月和7月为短时强降水高发期,4月和10月降水强度较弱年份,但平均降水强度却以5月和6月为最大;
3) 沿河县短时强降水日变化表现出明显的夜雨性,以凌晨2时~早上9时为短时强降水频发期,占总站次百分比达51%,且其强度分布表现为夜间大于白天;
4) 60 mm/h以上强度的短时强降水主要出现在晚上21时~次日早上10时,累计站次达18站次,其余时次仅出现5站次,但早晨发生的短时强降水强度更大、站次更多,进一步表明沿河县短时强降水夜雨性的特征。
贵州省气象局登记式项目《沿河县汛期短时强降水时空分布特征及致灾阈值分析》(黔气科登[2021] 12-06号)。
*通讯作者。