Community Structure and Diversity of Fish in the Channel (Guxin River) Connecting the West Lake and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal in Winter
To understand the status of biodiversity and community structure of fish assemblage in the Guxin River, the resource survey was conducted in December 2022. A total of 13 species of fish were collected, belonging to 2 orders and 4 families. Among them, Cyprinidae had the largest number of species, accounting for 76.92%. Culter mongolicus and Carassius auratus gibelio were the dominant species in winter. Omnivorous (46.15%) and Carnivorous (38.46%) fish specices were the most frequent of the four feeding functional groups, which account for 84.62% of the total, and sedentary fish species (84.62%) were the most frequent of three ecological groups. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the community was relatively low, with an average value of 1.15. And there were spatial differences, with of 1# being 0.76, which was less than half of 2#. The reason for this should be related to the uneven spatial distribution of dominant species such as Mongolian culter and the different number of species between sampling points.
Guxin River
古新河,位于杭州主城区中心,是一条连接西湖与京杭大运河的主要水道,南起西湖圣塘闸出口,北至松森桥以东入京杭大运河,河长3778 m,河宽12~20 m,主要承担西湖的泄洪、行洪通道及沿线雨水的接纳
鱼类是水域生态系统中关注度最高的水生生物类群之一,在维系水生态系统结构与功能稳定具有重要作用
在古新河设立1#、2# 2个调查点(
采用Pinkas相对重要性指数
Pinkas相对重要性指数(IRI)
(1)
式中:N为某一种类的尾数占总尾数的百分比,%;W为某一种类的质量占总质量的百分比,%;F为某一种类出现的次数占总调查样点的百分比,%。按IRI数值大小,将IRI ≥ 1000的物种定为优势种,100 ≤ IRI < 1000的物种定为重要种,10 ≤ IRI < 100的物种定为常见种,1 ≤ IRI < 10的物种定为一般种,IRI < 1的物种定为偶见种
采用以下指标
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数( )
(2)
Margalef丰富度指数(D)
(3)
Pielou均匀度指数(J)
(4)
式中,Pi为第i种的个体数占总个体数比例;N为总个体数,S为样点总鱼类种数。
采用Jaccard相似性系数
Jaccard相似性系数(SI)
式中:A和B分别为2个采样点的物种数,C为2个采样点的共有物种数。SI:0~0.25为极不相似,0.25~0.50为轻度相似,0.50~0.75为中度相似,0.75~1.00为高度相似。
该河共采集到鱼类样本81尾、共计9.28 Kg。经鉴定共发现鱼类13种,隶属2目、4科(
目Order | 科Family | 种Species | 生态类型Ecological type | 空间分布Spatial distribution | |
1# | 2# | ||||
鲤形目Cypriniformes | 鲤科Cyprinidae | 鲤Cyprinus carpio | O, S | ● | |
草鱼Ctenopharyngodon idella | H, RL | ● | |||
鲫Carassius auratus | O, S | ● | |||
银鲫Carassius auratus gibelio | O, S | ● | ● | ||
䱗Hemiculter leucisculus | O, S | ● | |||
麦穗鱼Pseudorasbora parva | O, S | ● | |||
红鳍原鲌Cultrichthys erythropterus | C, S | ● | |||
蒙古鲌Culter mongolicus | C, S | ● | ● | ||
翘嘴鲌Culter alburnus | C, S | ● | ● | ||
细鳞鲴Xenocypris microlepis | D, S | ● | |||
鳅科Cobitidae | 大鳞副泥鳅Paramisgurnus dabryanus | O, S | ● | ||
鲈形目Perciformes | 鰕虎鱼科Gobiidae | 子陵吻鰕虎鱼Rhinogobius giurinus | C, S | ● | |
鮨科Serranidae | 中国花鲈Lateolabrax maculatus | C, RS | ● | ||
小计 | 6 | 10 |
注:O:杂食性;C:肉食性;H:草食性;D:碎屑食性;RL:河湖洄游性;S:淡水定居性;RS:江海洄游性;●:发现该种。
将监测到的鱼类划分为4类,即杂食性、肉食性、草食性和碎屑食性。其中,杂食性鱼类6种,占总物种数的46.15%;肉食性鱼类5种,占总物种数的38.46%;草食性、碎屑食性鱼类均为1种,各占7.69%。
从洄游习性看,以淡水定居性鱼类居多,有11种,包括鲤、鲫、银鲫、䱗、翘嘴鲌等,占总物种数的84.62%;江海洄游性、河湖洄游性鱼种都少,均为各1种,各占总物种数的7.69%。
古新河1#采到鱼类物种6种,2#采到10种,其中1#、2#共有物种3种(银鲫、蒙古鲌、翘嘴鲌),根据Jaccard相似性系数,采样点鱼类群落相似性(SI)为23.08%,属极不相似。
本次调查中,个体数占比超过5%的物种有蒙古鲌、银鲫和䱗,其数值分别为39.51%、32.10%、7.41%;质量占比超过5%的物种有蒙古鲌、银鲫、草鱼,其数值分别为37.73%、44.35%、5.97% (
IRI ≥ 1000的优势种有蒙古鲌、银鲫,其IRI分别为7723.46、7644.80;100 ≤ IRI < 1000的重要种有8种,即䱗、草鱼、红鳍鲌、鲫、鲤、麦穗鱼、翘嘴鲌、细鳞鲴;10 ≤ IRI < 100的常见种有3种,即大鳞副泥鳅、中国花鲈、子陵吻鰕虎鱼。
种类 | 数量/尾 | 数量占比/% | 质量/kg | 质量占比/% | 出现频率/% | IRI | 优势度 |
蒙古鲌Culter mongolicus | 32 | 39.51 | 3502.80 | 37.73 | 100 | 7723.46 | 优势种 |
银鲫Carassius auratus gibelio | 26 | 32.10 | 4117.49 | 44.35 | 100 | 7644.80 | |
草鱼Ctenopharyngodon idella | 3 | 3.70 | 554.5 | 5.97 | 50 | 483.81 | 重要种 |
䱗Hemiculter leucisculus | 6 | 7.41 | 205.33 | 2.21 | 50 | 480.95 | |
翘嘴鲌Culter alburnus | 2 | 2.47 | 171.27 | 1.84 | 100 | 431.39 | |
红鳍原鲌Cultrichthys erythropterus | 3 | 3.70 | 332.12 | 3.58 | 50 | 364.05 | |
鲫Carassius auratus | 2 | 2.47 | 119.55 | 1.29 | 50 | 187.84 | |
麦穗鱼Pseudorasbora parva | 2 | 2.47 | 3.66 | 0.04 | 50 | 125.43 | |
鲤Cyprinus carpio | 1 | 1.23 | 94.72 | 1.02 | 50 | 112.74 | |
细鳞鲴Xenocypris microlepis | 1 | 1.23 | 75.38 | 0.81 | 50 | 102.32 | |
大鳞副泥鳅Paramisgurnus dabryanus | 1 | 1.23 | 65.90 | 0.71 | 50 | 97.22 | 常见种 |
中国花鲈Lateolabrax maculatus | 1 | 1.23 | 39.88 | 0.43 | 50 | 83.21 | |
子陵吻鰕虎鱼Rhinogobius giurinus | 1 | 1.23 | 1.65 | 0.02 | 50 | 62.62 |
古新河水域冬季鱼类多样性指数较低,以个体数为单位计算的多样性指数
、D、J平均值分别为1.15、1.52和0.55 (
采样点 | Shannon-Wiener多样性指数( ) | Margalef指数(D) | Pielon均匀度指数(J) |
1# | 0.76 | 1.38 | 0.43 |
2# | 1.54 | 1.65 | 0.67 |
平均值 | 1.15 | 1.52 | 0.55 |
古新河本次共采到13种鱼类,隶属于2目4科,其中鲤科鱼类最多,占总物种数的76.92%,这跟周边水域西溪湿地
在生态类型上,古新河以蒙古鲌、银鲫等淡水定居性物种为主,但也采到花鲈、草鱼等洄游性鱼类,表明古新河具有一定的洄游通道功能。
古新河1#采样点鱼类物种少,
多样性指数小,且低于Magurran
本研究对古新河冬季鱼类群落结构特征进行了1次2个样点调查,共鉴定出鱼类13种,隶属2目4科。种类以鲤科鱼类为主,占总物种数的76.92%;食性以杂食性和肉食性鱼类居多,两者共占总物种数的84.62%;生态类群绝大部分是淡水定居性鱼类,占总物种数的84.62%。古新河上、下游水域在鱼类的栖息群落、优势种(上游为蒙古鲌、下游为银鲫)及多样性上都表现出较大差异,这不仅与栖息地本身生境密切相关,还可能与其连接的水域(西湖、京杭大运河)有一定关联,因此建议继续开展此类河道渔业资源监测保护。
杭州市水质水量水生态监测与评价项目。