Clinical Value of Interferon-Gamma Release Assays Combined with Platelet and Some Inflammatory Index Tests in Identifying Active Tuberculosis
Objective: To investigate the value of IFN-γ release assays (IGRAs) combined with platelet (PLT) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in peripheral blood for the identification of active pulmonary tuberculosis (APTB) and inactive pulmonary tuberculosis (IPTB). Methods: A total of 294 clinical cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (207 patients with APTB and 87 patients with IPTB) were retrospectively collected from January 2022 to February 2024 in The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, and another 107 healthy medical checkups of the population in our hospital during the same period were collected as controls, and clinical information of the subjects in each group, IGRAs, and peripheral blood of PLT, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), neutrophils (NEU) were compared, lymphocytes (LY), hsCRP, monocytes (MO), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) laboratory results, and to analyze the discriminatory performance of each index alone or in combination for APTB and IPTB. Results: There was no significant difference in the level of IGRAs in patients in the APTB group compared with the IPTB group; PLT count, ESR, NEU, MO, hsCRP, and NLR in patients in the APTB group were higher than those in the IPTB group; and LY count was lower than those in the IPTB group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The IGRAs in combination with the level of hsCRP and PLT was useful in distinguishing APTB and IPTB with an AUC value of 0.905, sensitivity of 81.2% and specificity of 85.2%. Conclusion: Differences in PLT and some inflammatory markers exist between APTB and IPTB patients, and IGRAs + hsCRP + PLT detection are valuable for differential diagnosis of APTB and IPTB.
Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis
选取2022年1月~2024年2月期间杭州师范大学附属医院收治的294名肺结核患者为本次研究对象。根据肺结核诊疗规范(WS288-2017)
于清晨抽取所有肺结核患者的外周静脉EDTA抗凝全血5 ml,于2小时内分别将血液标本置于测试培养管、本底对照培养管及阳性对照培养管中,并在培养箱(37℃)中培养22 ± 2小时。培养后的全血在室温下离心10分钟,弃上清,采用化学发光仪(Caris200,中国,万泰凯瑞)进行检测。具体操作流程和结果判读严格按照Mtb特异性细胞免疫反应检测试剂盒(中国,万泰凯瑞)使用说明书进行。
通过全自动血细胞分析仪(BC-7500,中国,迈瑞医疗)直接计数得出PLT、NEU、超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)、LY、单核细胞(Monocytes, MO)数值,并计算NLR。
采用SPSS 29.0和GraphPad Prism 9.5软件进行数据分析。服从正态分布的计量资料采用均数 ± 标准差(x ± s)表示,组间数据比较用独立样本t检验;非正态分布计量资料则采用中位数与四分位数间距M (P25, P75)表示,组间数据比较采用非参数检验。通过绘制ROC曲线计算AUC值,分析IGRAs、炎症指标及PLT检测对肺结核病的诊断及APTB与IPTB的敏感度与特异性分析。以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
本研究中,三组受检者的年龄、性别、Mtb检测结果及肺部影像学检查结果见
观察指标 | 非活动性肺结核(n = 87) | 活动性肺结核(n = 207) | 健康对照(n = 107) |
年龄/(岁,x ± s) | 42.24 ± 17.39 | 50.77 ± 20.38 | 34.95 ± 20.67 |
性别(男/女) | 52/35 | 147/60 | 53/54 |
结核菌素皮肤实验 | |||
+, n (%) | 10 (11.5) | 20 (9.7) | NA |
++, n (%) | 7 (8.0) | 20 (9.7) | NA |
+++, n (%) | 18 (8.7) | 35 (16.9) | NA |
++++, n (%) | 32 (36.8) | 64 (30.9) | NA |
−, n (%) | 20 (23.0) | 68 (32.9) | NA |
结核分枝杆菌培养 | NA | ||
+, n (%) | 25 (28.7) | 84 (40.6) | NA |
−, n (%) | 62 (71.3) | 123 (59.4) | NA |
Xpert MTB | NA | ||
+, n (%) | 45 (51.7) | 129 (62.3) | NA |
−, n (%) | 42 (48.3) | 78 (37.7) | NA |
肺部影像学检查 | |||
+, n (%) | 87 (100.0) | 207 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) |
−, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 107 (100.0) |
注:NA为不适用。
比较IGRAs在APTB和IPTB两组患者中的水平,结果表明IGRAs在两组中的水平无明显差异,且无统计学意义,见
通过SPSS29.0软件分析得到感染性检测指标和血小板对结核患者鉴别诊断的ROC曲线。结果表明,hsCRP的AUC值最高为0.904,高于NLR (AUC = 0.800)、LY (AUC = 0.753)、ESR (AUC = 0.723)、MO (AUC = 0.699)、NEU (0.674)、PLT (AUC = 0.662)和IGRAs (AUC = 0.560)。综合分析,hsCRP (敏感度为89.9%,特异度为75.9%)和NLR (敏感度为69.6%,特异性为83.3%)对APTB具有很好的诊断价值,其余各指标对APTB有较好的诊断价值。(见
观察指标 | 非活动性肺结核(n = 87) | 活动性肺结核(n = 207) | 健康组(n = 107) | t/χ2 | P值 |
IGRAs (pg/ml) | 276.55 (102.25, 555.91) | 176.90 (73.74, 532.26) | NA | 4924.00 | 0.178 |
PLT (10^9/L) | 232.50 (192.25, 260.25) | 271.00 (214.00, 326.00) | 228.00 (189.00, 269.00) | 7402.00 | <0.05 |
NEU (10^9/L) | 3.31 (2.65, 4.65) | 4.43 (3.23, 5.87) | 3.47 (2.38, 4.39) | 7529.50 | <0.05 |
hsCRP (mg/L) | 1.23 (0.50, 3.70) | 25.36 (6.49, 67.73) | 0.50 (0.50, 1.74) | 10108.50 | <0.001 |
MO (10^9/L) | 0.37 (0.24, 0.45) | 0.46 (0.34, 0.63) | 0.44 (0.36, 0.52) | 7812.00 | <0.05 |
LY (10^9/L) | 1.48 (1.14, 1.81) | 1.01 (0.69, 1.36) | 2.75 (2.13, 6.05) | 8418.00 | <0.001 |
ESR (mm/h) | 27 (15, 44) | 45 (18.75, 71.25) | NA | 5075.50 | <0.05 |
NLR | 2.17 (1.69, 2.94) | 4.37 (2.63, 6.60) | 1.53 (1.06, 2.33) | 8940.00 | <0.001 |
注:IGRAs为γ干扰素释放试验,PLT为血小板,NEU为中性粒细胞,hsCRP为超敏C反应蛋白,MO为单核细胞,LY为淋巴细胞,ESR为红细胞沉降率、NLR为中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值,P值为APTB组与IPTB组比较,NA为不适用。
指标 | AUC值 | 敏感度(%) | 特异性(%) | 95%CI | 最佳截断值 | 诊断准确度 |
IGRAs | 0.560 | 27.5 | 68.5 | 0.478, 0.642 | 0.090 | −0.04 |
PLT | 0.662 | 54.1 | 79.6 | 0.590, 0.735 | 0.337 | 0.337 |
NEU | 0.674 | 40.1 | 87.0 | 0.598, 0.749 | 0.271 | 0.271 |
hsCRP | 0.904 | 89.9 | 75.9 | 0.863, 0.946 | 0.639 | 0.658 |
MO | 0.699 | 43.5 | 87.0 | 0.626, 0.772 | 0.305 | 0.305 |
LY | 0.753 | 52.2 | 88.9 | 0.689, 0.772 | 0.411 | 0.411 |
ESR | 0.723 | 64.4 | 76.9 | 0.645, 0.801 | 0.414 | 0.413 |
NLR | 0.800 | 69.6 | 83.3 | 0.741, 0.858 | 0.529 | 0.529 |
注:IGRAs为γ干扰素释放试验,PLT为血小板,NEU为中性粒细胞,hsCRP为超敏C反应蛋白,MO为单核细胞,LY为淋巴细胞,ESR为红细胞沉降率、NLR为中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值。
选取炎症指标中AUC值最大的hsCRP及与结核患者凝血功能相关的PLT,绘制IGRAs分别联合hsCRP、PLT的ROC曲线以及IGRAs同时联合hsCRP和PLT曲线,并对比活动性肺结核的诊断效能。如
指标 | AUC值 | 敏感度(%) | 特异性(%) | 95%CI | 最佳截断值 | 诊断准确度 |
IGRAs + hsCRP | 0.898 | 84.5 | 77.8 | 0.855, 0.940 | 0.623 | 0.623 |
IGRAs + PLT | 0.662 | 53.1 | 81.5 | 0.589, 0.735 | 0.346 | 0.346 |
IGRAs + hsCRP + PLT | 0.905 | 81.2 | 85.2 | 0.864, 0.946 | 0.663 | 0.664 |
肺结核病是由Mtb感染的一种慢性传染病。有调查指出,绝大多数Mtb感染者将长期处于潜伏感染状态,并有5%~10%的患者可能在一生中发生结核病,我国15周岁及以上人群Mtb潜伏感染率为20.3%,并且呈现出随着年龄增加而升高的趋势
作为巨噬细胞内的一种兼性病原体,Mtb依靠吞噬作用进入宿主细胞
外周血中的hsCRP通常作为反映组织损伤程度和感染炎症程度的敏感指标,同时也可以作为组织损伤和炎症疗效的判断指标。hsCRP因反应速度快于其他急性期标志蛋白且不受促肾上腺皮质激素和免疫抑制剂的影响,在临床上得到广泛的应用,检测hsCRP不仅能反映出是否存在Mtb感染,同时也能用于评估感染性疾病的严重程度
有文献认为,NLR也可能是肺结核病的生物标志物,并与肺结核疾病严重程度和预后相关
同时,Mtb感染后引起的炎症反应激活也可对机体的内皮功能造成损伤,并诱发患者局部血栓的形成
另外,研究人员发现结核病患者的免疫功能也存在不同程度的受损
尽管已经开展了许多研究项目,但临床上并未明确鉴别APTB与IPTB的诊断金标准,本研究旨在从炎症、凝血及免疫功能等方面,通过对活动性和非活动性肺结核患者的实验室检测指标分析,能够快速且简易的区分患者感染Mtb后是否发展为APTB,以希提高诊断的特异性和敏感度,为临床工作提供便利。
浙江省医药卫生科技计划基金资助课题(2023KY957,2023KY183)。
*通讯作者。