Research on the Harmful Effects and Mitigation Methods of Residual Herbicides in Soil on Strawberries
In order to clarify the impact of residual herbicides in soil on the pesticide damage of strawberries, explore the mechanism of pesticide damage caused by commonly used concentrated herbicides in rice fields, screen for effective strawberry herbicide damage relief agents and their dosage, this study used strawberry seedlings of Dandong 99 variety as experimental materials, and set up a series of different concentration gradients of herbicides and untreated strawberry seedlings as controls. Strawberry seedlings of different soil groups treated with herbicides were observed, and the growth status of key parts of strawberries was regularly recorded. The results showed that 1) Herbicides (glyphosate and butachlor) had a significant inhibitory effect on the root system (compared to the control group); 2) Herbicides (glyphosate and butachlor) have a stronger inhibitory effect at high concentrations than at low concentrations; 3) Brassica has a mitigating effect on the effects of herbicides (glyphosate and butachlor) on strawberry roots. Therefore, reasonable selection of herbicide types, reasonable determination of herbicide application dosage, and screening of effective strawberry herbicide damage mitigation agents and dosage measures are necessary to improve the current problem of herbicide damage, avoid strawberry damage as much as possible, and increase strawberry planting yield.
Strawberry
草莓(Fragaria ananassa Duch)隶属蔷薇科(Rosaceae),草莓属(Fragaria),为多年生宿根性草本植物。草莓是一种高产值的作物,适于多种生产模式,能在许多气候带种植。草莓果肉鲜美,营养丰富,深受消费者的青睐。我国草莓的年产量位居世界第一,草莓也是山东、安徽、浙江等地农民的致富产业,生产上栽培高效优质的草莓离不开除草剂的使用。2022年10月诸暨有草莓农户报告,前茬为水稻
植株:丹东99品种草莓苗;
农药:草铵膦、丁草胺;
激素:芸苔素内酯;
土壤:无污染土壤;
实验仪器:烧杯、量筒、移液枪、玻璃棒、尺子;
实验用具:水桶、喷壶、塑料筐、隔板(如
研究草铵膦农药残留对于草莓苗根的影响。第一步:配制足够的草铵膦母液。首先用500 mL量筒量取997.5 mL水放入容器中,再用移液枪移去2.5 mL 10%的草铵膦溶液,后用玻璃棒搅拌至溶解,放置下一步使用。第二步:以除草剂推荐剂量为最高暴露浓度,梯度设置六个暴露浓度,进行土壤处理,详见
组别 | 施用土量 | 浓度 |
1 | 20 kg | 0 |
2 | 20 kg | 0.0128 mg/kg |
3 | 20 kg | 0.032 mg/kg |
4 | 20 kg | 0.08 mg/kg |
5 | 20 kg | 0.2 mg/kg |
6 | 20 kg | 0.5 mg/kg |
7 | 20 kg | 1.25 mg/kg |
研究丁草胺农药残留对于草莓苗根的影响。第一步:配制足够的丁草胺母液。首先用500 mL量筒和移液枪量取999.2 mL水放入容器中,再用移液枪移去0.8 mL 10%的丁草胺溶液,后用玻璃棒搅拌至溶解,放置下一步使用。第二步:以除草剂推荐剂量为最高暴露浓度,梯度设置六个暴露浓度,进行土壤处理,详见
组别 | 施用土量 | 浓度 |
1 | 20 kg | 0 |
2 | 20 kg | 0.02048 mg/kg |
3 | 20 kg | 0.0512 mg/kg |
4 | 20 kg | 0.128 mg/kg |
5 | 20 kg | 0.32 mg/kg |
6 | 20 kg | 0.8 mg/kg |
7 | 20 kg | 2 mg/kg |
研究芸苔素内酯
经过草铵膦
草铵膦高浓度会抑制草莓根的生长,在根长和根面积上有明显的体现。根据
编号 | 浓度 | 0天根长cm (mean ± sd) | 7天根长cm (mean ± sd) | 14天根长cm (mean ± sd) |
1 | CK | 17.233 + 1.935 | 16.317 + 1.695 | 17.333 + 1.358 |
2 | 1.25 mg/kg | 18.017 + 4.082 | 11.567 + 3.333 | 13.367 + 2.81 |
3 | 0.5 mg/kg | 17.4 + 2.535 | 12.383 + 1.254 | 14.1 + 2.298 |
4 | 0.2 mg/kg | 17.067 + 3.667 | 11.667 + 3.022 | 12.967 + 4.407 |
5 | 0.08 mg/kg | 17.633 + 3.628 | 14.733 + 3.352 | 15.758 + 3.303 |
6 | 0.032 mg/kg | 17.233 + 2.498 | 14.167 + 3.001 | 15.067 + 3.254 |
7 | 0.0128 mg/kg | 15.517 + 3.040 | 14.067 + 3.186 | 14.25 + 5.311 |
编号 | 浓度 | 0天根长 cm (mean ± sd) | 7天根长 cm (mean ± sd) | 14天根长 cm (mean ± sd) |
1 | CK | 17.233 + 1.935 | 16.317 + 1.695 | 17.333 + 1.358 |
2 | 2 mg/kg | 15.05 + 3.602 | 10.083 + 2.422 | 12.85 + 2.031 |
3 | 0.8 mg/kg | 15.717 + 3.48 | 12.567 + 3.582 | 15.067 + 4.231 |
4 | 0.32 mg/kg | 15.917 + 3.482 | 12.75 + 2.688 | 15.233 + 2.594 |
5 | 0.128 mg/kg | 16.1 + 2.527 | 13.267 + 2.554 | 15.5 + 2.577 |
6 | 0.0512 mg/kg | 16.567 + 2.154 | 14.783 + 2.555 | 15.25 + 2.505 |
7 | 0.02048 mg/kg | 17.4 + 2.97 | 16.317 + 2.856 | 18 + 4.881 |
经过丁草胺处理的土壤均降低了草莓苗植株根系的面积与长度,而且其幅度随着施用剂量的增加而加剧。与对照组相比,低浓度丁草胺(0.02048 mg/kg)处理根面积和根长分别下降18.26%和5.96%,对草莓苗植株根系影响不显著,但是施用高剂量时均显著抑制草莓苗植株根系。
编号 | 浓度 | 0天根面积 cm2(mean ± sd) | 7天根面积cm2(mean ± sd) | 14天根面积cm2(mean ± sd) |
1 | CK | 639.283 ± 270.233 | 451.461 ± 193.267 | 287.211 ± 206.680 |
2 | 1.25 mg/kg | 411.868 ± 188.801 | 201.917 ± 58.228 | 130.452 ± 36.944 |
3 | 0.5 mg/kg | 435.683 ± 307.511 | 272.187 ± 140.857 | 178.554 ± 106.400 |
4 | 0.2 mg/kg | 422.673 ± 119.879 | 275.691 ± 105.447 | 239.266 ± 97.184 |
5 | 0.08 mg/kg | 439.449 ± 129.157 | 337.193 ± 104.771 | 223.421 ± 130.696 |
6 | 0.032 mg/kg | 419.905 ± 132.215 | 287.317 ± 113.769 | 203.673 ± 43.490 |
7 | 0.0128 mg/kg | 432.595 ± 207.793 | 334.860 ± 142.164 | 315.550 ± 122.872 |
编号 | 浓度 | 0天根面积cm2(mean ± sd) | 7天根面积cm2(mean ± sd) | 14天根面积cm2(mean ± sd) |
1 | CK | 639.283 ± 270.233 | 451.461 ± 193.267 | 287.211 ± 206.680 |
2 | 2 mg/kg | 372.782 ± 151.454 | 225.096 ± 56.636 | 168.322 ± 38.075 |
3 | 0.8 mg/kg | 392.726 ± 215.593 | 312.484 ± 179.373 | 256.801 ± 161.266 |
4 | 0.32 mg/kg | 613.220 ± 437.280 | 433.400 ± 375.839 | 334.012 ± 337.510 |
5 | 0.128 mg/kg | 644.603 ± 431.492 | 461.139 ± 368.390 | 208.950 ± 138.940 |
6 | 0.0512 mg/kg | 577.706 ± 250.540 | 429.913 ± 251.749 | 395.895 ± 251.749 |
7 | 0.02048 mg/kg | 469.801 ± 204.448 | 396.593 ± 202.961 | 393.497 ± 211.589 |
丁草胺高浓度会抑制草莓根的生长,在根长和根面积上有明显的体现,如
随着芸苔素
随着丁草胺高浓度会抑制草莓根的生长,根长和根面积都会受到抑制作用,且浓度越高作用越明显。随着草铵膦高浓度会抑制草莓根的生长,根长和根面积都会受到抑制作用,且浓度越高作用越明显。
芸苔素
由数据分析可知,在不同处理组中,芸苔素对于草铵膦和丁草胺对于草莓苗的抑制作用有缓解效果,0.1%芸苔素0.01 mg/kg可有效降低农药对草莓苗的抑制作用。
因此,可在土地上喷洒适宜浓度0.1%芸苔素0.01 mg/kg以改善当前除草剂药害问题,尽最大可能避免草莓遭受药害,提高草莓种植产量。
文中所有图片均为作者自绘或者自摄