一位36岁的男性患者因突发头痛、发热伴抽搐3天被收入我院接收治疗。患者两年前曾因感染布氏杆菌而导致的脊髓炎入院接收治疗,口服利福平及多西环素4个月治疗好转后停药。出院后继续养殖牛羊。此次入院数小时前无明显诱因突然出现一过性的癫痫发作表现,伴发热、头痛。入院后最高体温38.7℃,脑压170 mm H2O,脑脊液生化示脑脊液蛋白增高、糖和氯化物正常;脑脊液细胞学检查:白细胞17个/mm3,以淋巴细胞反应为主。脑脊液常规:潘氏试验++。完善颈椎MRI可见颈4~5、颈5~6及颈6~7椎间盘突出。胸椎MRI可见胸椎段脊髓炎(
图1
)。布氏杆菌凝集试验及布氏杆菌血培养均阳性。脑电图检查阴性;住院期间再无癫痫发作表现。经过多西环素联合利福平及美罗培南治疗布氏杆菌、左乙拉西坦篇抗癫痫等对症处理,患者病情好转后出院。
Figure 1. Cervicothoracic MRI showing spinal cord thickening from the 7th cervical vertebra to the 1st lumbar vertebra, abnormal signal of the spinal cord at the 5th-6th thoracic vertebrae, and extensive linear enhancement of the meninges--图1. 颈胸部MRI显示,第7颈椎至第1腰椎段脊髓增厚,第5~6胸椎段脊髓信号异常,以及脊膜广泛线性强化--4. 例2
一位34岁的男性受凉后出现头痛,伴头晕,恶心、呕吐及言语不清,遂于当地医院就诊治疗4天,给予对症治疗后症状未见明显好转。随后转入我院治疗。入院后完善布氏杆菌凝集试验阳性。脑压 > 330 mm H2O,脑脊液细胞学提示白细胞数轻度增高,以淋巴细胞为主,脑脊液生化提示蛋白升高,糖及氯化物轻度降低;颅脑CT和MRI未见明显异常;查体可见颈抵抗4横指,定向力障碍,其余查体不合作或未见明显异常。患者既往养殖牛羊1年。24小时动态脑电图可见醒睡期右额极、前颞区多量尖慢复合波散发及簇发,考虑为感染所致的症状性癫痫。给予利福平、多西环素及头孢曲松钠抗感染治疗以及丙戊酸钠抗癫痫治疗34天后,患者病情好转出院。
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