Table 1. Comparison of performance parameters of several common inorganic scintillation crystal detectorsTable 1. Comparison of performance parameters of several common inorganic scintillation crystal detectors 表1. 几种常见的无机闪烁晶体探测器性能参数比较
闪烁体
光产额/光子∙kev−1
衰减时间/ns−1
是否易潮
密度/g.cm−3
最佳能量分辨率(@662 kev)
CeBr3
60
20
是
5.1
<4.0%
LaBr3(Ce)
63
16
是
5.08
<3.0%
NaI(Tl)
38
250
是
3.67
<7%
BGO
8-10
300
否
7.13
<10%
CsI(Tl)
54
1000
轻微
4.51
<12%
CsI(Na)
41
630
是
4.51
—
CdWO4
12-15
14000
否
7.90
<7%
2. 理论基础与模拟准备
Geant4 (GEometry ANd Tracking)是由欧洲核子中心(CERN)在1994年研发的一款工具,它采用C++作为基础编程语言,并基于蒙特卡罗方法来模拟材料中粒子的传输过程。这款工具对所有用户都是开放的,并且是开源的
[19]
[20]
。它不仅能用于计算原子、分子以及离子等各种体系中核结构参数,而且可以通过改变初始条件来研究其动力学行为及微观机制,并可进行相关实验验证。Geant4因其出色的通用性和可扩展性,在涉及微观粒子与物质交互作用的多个领域都得到了广大的应用
[21]
。
Figure 6. Detection efficiency of different incident energies--图6. 不同入射能量的探测效率--Figure 7. Energy deposition at different incident energies--图7. 不同入射能量的能量沉积--
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