Effects of Tail Vegetable Biogas Slurry on Growth and Quality of Shanghai Cabbage
“April Slow” Shanghai cabbage was used as the experimental materials, we studied the effect of different concentrations of highland summer vegetable Biogas Slurry on the growth and quality of Shanghai cabbage, with a view to providing a scientific basis for the resource utilisation of biogas slurry. The experiment showed that the plant height, fresh mass weight, root weight and stem thickness of Shanghai cabbage in different fertility periods were improved compared with CK. Seedling fresh weight was significantly higher than that of CK in T4 and T5, with an increase of 120.18% and 105.88% respectively compared with CK, and there was no significant difference between different treatments. Different treatments during the growth period significantly increased the plant height, fresh mass weight, root weight and stem thickness of Shanghai cabbage, T4 was significantly higher than CK in fresh mass weight, root weight and stem thickness, which increased by 109.50%, 142.79% and 41.11%; T5 was significant in plant height, fresh mass weight, root weight and stem thickness, which respectively increased by 30.98%, 111.30%, 113.94% and 41.11%. At maturity, the plant height, fresh mass weight, root weight and stem thickness of Shanghai cabbage showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the reduction of the concentration of biogas slurry, and the plant height, fresh mass weight, root weight and stem thickness of Shanghai cabbage reached the maximum at T5, which increased by 24.61%, 129.91%, 138.75% and 48.86%, respectively compared with that of CK, except the plant height,there were significant differences in the fresh mass weight, root weight and stem thickness . Chlorophyll content was increased in all the treatments compared to CK, T1 to T6 treatments increased by 36.04%, 37.67%, 43.02%, 38.77%, 57.97%, and 28.12%, and there was no significant difference between treatments in total chlorophyll content. As the concentration of biogas slurry decreased, vitamin C first increased and then decreased, T2 to T6 vitamin C were significantly higher than CK, increased by 27.58%, 44.85%, 67.75%, 73.56% and 51.72%.The CK had the lowest soluble sugar content, and T5 had the highest, and T5 had an increase of 10.65% comparing with CK. There was a significant difference. Nitrate content decreased with the decrease of the concentration of the digestate, and compared with CK, T6 treatment significantly decreased by 12.61%. Comprehensive comparison showed that T5 (1:15) had the best effect in this experiment, which indicated that the application of biogas slurry can not only improve the quality of Shanghai cabbage, but also can consume a large amount of this, but the amount of this needs to be selected reasonably when applying the biogas slurry.
Tail Vegetable Biogas Slurry
高原夏菜特色农业产业已形成为兰州市农村经济的重要支柱产业,在调整农业种植结构、增加农民收入、为推动农村发展起到了很大作用
尾菜含水率高(≥90%),有机物和营养成分丰富,非常适宜厌氧消化处理,可以为产地尾菜提供高性能处理。沼液作为农业污染物厌氧发酵的产物,如果不经处理直接排放,超过土地承载力的极限,会严重污染周边土壤和水体等,还可能导致农业温室气体的排放増加,沼液含氮、磷、钾、锌、铁等多种的大量元素、微量元素及有机质,这些物质满足了植物生长需要,其速效性强、养分可利用率高,病原微生物的存活量少
试验地点位于兰州市榆中县定远镇镇蒋家营村试验田(103.96˚E,36.01˚N,海拔:1707 m)。日光充足,干旱少雨,年平均气温6.6℃,无霜期140 d左右,年降水量300~400 mm,多集中在7~9月,蒸发量1343.1毫米。年日照时数2562.5小时。土壤类型为黄绵土,pH值为8.32,具有较低的全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量。
供试上海青品种为四月慢,种子来源于甘肃省武威市祥林种苗有限责任公司。供试沼液由兰州新苏生态能源有限公司提供,该沼气工程使用高原夏菜尾菜作为主要发酵原料,沼液经过40天的曝气静置处理,并使用4层纱布过滤。沼液原液的理化性质包括pH值为7.78,全磷含量0.531 g/L,全氮含量1.037 g/L,有机质含量10.43 g/L。
试验设置一个对照组(CK)和六个不同沼液浓度的处理组,每个处理重复3次:T1 (沼液:水 = 1:3)、T2 (沼液:水 = 1:6)、T3 (沼液:水 = 1:9)、T4 (沼液:水 = 1:12)、T5 (沼液:水 = 1:15)和T6 (沼液:水 = 1:18)。
试验小区净面积为 20 m2(4 m × 5 m),各小区为独立的滴灌单元,小区间设田埂,田埂宽0.25 m、高0.25 m,株间距和行间距均为20 cm,覆盖塑料薄膜作为隔离以防渗漏,试验区周围保留宽1.5 m以上的保护行。所有处理按照每667 m2施用腐熟的有机肥2000 kg、三元复合肥20 kg作基肥,上海青追肥量以当地农民的习惯施用量为准,灌溉施肥时间与农户灌溉施肥时间一致,每次的灌溉量上限为90% FC。
试验于2023年8月17日开始,2023年10月7日结束,在上海青的各生育期分别采样,并测定上海青的生长性状(株高、单株鲜质重、根重、茎粗、叶绿素)及品质(维生素C、硝酸盐、可溶性糖)。株高、茎粗、生物量、根重用标准尺和电子天平测定。采用分光光度法(NY/T 3082-2017)测定叶绿素。采用2.6-二氯靛酚滴定法(GB/T 6195-1986)测定维生素C。紫外分光光度法(NY/T 1279-2007)测定硝酸盐。采用铜还原碘量法(NY/T 1278-2007)测定可溶性糖。
采用Excel 2010进行数据整理,以及基于TOPSIS法的综合评价指标评价排序,采用SPSS24.0软件进行实验数据统计分析,采用OriginPro 2021b软件作图。
由
生育期 |
处理 |
株高(cm) |
单株鲜质重(g) |
根重(g) |
茎粗(mm) |
幼苗期 |
CK |
9.34 ± 0.86a |
2.14 ± 0.87b |
0.048 ± 0.05b |
2.704 ± 1.50b |
T1 |
9.35 ± 1.76a |
4.00 ± 1.88ab |
0.13 ± 0.08ab |
3.70 ± 0.69ab |
|
T2 |
10.04 ± 0.75a |
4.25 ± 1.07ab |
0.13 ± 0.03ab |
3.76 ± 0.52a |
|
T3 |
10.05 ± 1.79a |
4.20 ± 1.75ab |
0.13 ± 0.08ab |
3.82 ± 1.09a |
|
T4 |
10.11 ± 1.31a |
4.72 ± 2.01a |
0.15 ± 0.11a |
3.94 ± 0.49a |
|
T5 |
9.77 ± 2.45a |
4.41 ± 1.86ab |
0.19 ± 0.04ab |
4.30 ± 0.65a |
|
T6 |
9.67 ± 2.57a |
4.04 ± 2.33ab |
0.13 ± 0.09ab |
3.48 ± 0.65ab |
|
成长期 |
CK |
14.14 ± 0.96b |
11.5 ± 1.91d |
0.41 ± 0.14c |
5.26 ± 1.1b |
T1 |
14.34 ± 1.04b |
12.91 ± 0.87cd |
0.54 ± 0.12c |
5.45 ± 0.82b |
|
T2 |
15.50 ± 1.58b |
14.67 ± 3.31cd |
0.51 ± 0.19c |
6.05 ± 1.75ab |
|
T3 |
15.98 ± 1.31b |
16.17 ± 3.18bc |
0.61 ± 0.18bc |
6.93 ± 2.1ab |
|
T4 |
16.46 ± 2.21ab |
24.09 ± 5.87a |
1.01 ± 0.33a |
7.43 ± 0.62a |
|
T5 |
18.52 ± 0.93a |
24.30 ± 3.58a |
0.89 ± 0.17a |
7.43 ± 0.71a |
|
T6 |
16.30 ± 2.78ab |
19.94 ± 2.11ab |
0.83 ± 0.18ab |
7.08 ± 1.04ab |
|
成熟期 |
CK |
15.89 ± 1.96b |
25.31 ± 7.89d |
1.12 ± 0.38c |
7.79 ± 0.88b |
T1 |
18.07 ± 2.23ab |
34.58 ± 11.05cd |
1.44 ± 0.32bc |
8.65 ± 1.89b |
|
T2 |
18.34 ± 1.84ab |
43.71 ± 8.74bc |
1.77 ± 0.76bc |
8.62 ± 1.88b |
|
T3 |
18.45 ± 2.35ab |
47.78 ± 7.66ab |
1.93 ± 0.67b |
9.13 ± 1.51b |
|
T4 |
18.50 ± 1.63ab |
47.85 ± 13.61ab |
1.91 ± 0.54b |
9.06 ± 1.8b |
|
T5 |
19.80 ± 2.71a |
58.19 ± 15.42a |
2.67 ± 1.08a |
11.6 ± 2.6a |
|
T6 |
16.21 ± 3.1b |
36.99 ± 10.2bcd |
1.49 ± 0.4bc |
7.83 ± 0.74b |
注:表中不同小写字母代表处理间差异显著(P < 0.05),下同)。
成熟期上海青株高、单株鲜质重、根重、茎粗随着尾菜沼液浓度的降低呈现先增加后减少的趋势,株高、单株鲜质重、根重、茎粗均在T5时达到最大,对比CK,分别提高24.61%、129.91%、138.75%、48.86%,除株高外,单株鲜质重、根重、茎粗在不同处理间均有显著性差异。
由
由
采用TOPSIS评价方法来探究施用不同浓度尾菜沼液对上海青生长状况及和品质进行评价,可为提高上海青营养生长提供科学依据,合理有效的使用尾菜沼液。基于熵权法的TOPSIS法综合评价指标及其排序如
沼液中营养元素都是以速效养分形式存在,对作物生长发育起直接的营养作用。吴冬青等
处理 |
正理想解距离(D+) |
负理想解距离(D−) |
综合得分指数 |
排序 |
CK |
0.99973782 |
0 |
0 |
7 |
T1 |
0.76225435 |
0.35416396 |
0.31723231 |
6 |
T2 |
0.58324619 |
0.51330374 |
0.46810795 |
5 |
T3 |
0.45393305 |
0.61661474 |
0.57598058 |
3 |
T4 |
0.32457654 |
0.81214458 |
0.71446247 |
2 |
T5 |
0.15615996 |
0.93632161 |
0.85705941 |
1 |
T6 |
0.57892863 |
0.56032704 |
0.49183608 |
4 |
季快菜一号”为试材,研究了不同沼液添加量对快菜生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明,在营养液中添加一定量的沼液,对快菜植株营养物质的含量、产量有明显提高作用。本试验表明,施用不同浓度尾菜沼液的上海青,在株高、单株鲜质重、根重、茎粗、叶绿素上均高于CK处理组,上海青幼苗期株高、单株鲜质重在T4处理组表现最优,根重、茎粗在T5处理组表现最优;成长期株高、单株鲜质重、茎粗在T5处理组表现最优,根重在T4处理组表现最优;成熟期株高、单株鲜质重、根重、茎粗均在T5处理组表现最优。
叶绿素含量反映了植物体内营养状况,叶绿素在植物光合作用的反应中吸收光能并参与原初反应,植物叶片中叶绿素含量直接决定着光合效率
施用不同浓度尾菜沼液对上海青品质均具有改善作用,但对不同品质指标影响不同。本研究表明上海青的维生素C含量随着沼液浓度的降低呈现县升高后降低的趋势,T5处理最优,较CK处理显著增加了73.56%。可溶性糖以CK处理最低,T5处理最高,T5处理较CK处理增加了10.65%,表明适量的沼液浓度能够改善上海青维生素C、可溶性糖含量,提高上海青品质。蔬菜中硝酸盐含量的高低可用来评价蔬菜的食用安全性,蔬菜中硝酸盐含量与营养品质成负相关。从研究以看出,尾菜沼液对上海青硝酸盐的含量都有降低作用,硝酸盐的含量随着沼液浓度的降低呈现明显降低趋势,T6处理最低,较CK处理降低了12.61%。由此可知,沼液可以增加上海青生产性状和品质,而且施用过多沼液会降低上海青的维生素C和增加硝酸盐含量。前人研究表明,沼液有效促进油菜的生长,同时沼液处理均能降低油菜中硝酸盐和总酸的含量
沼液是含有多种氨基酸和大量的微量元素,是一种全量养分肥料,也是速缓兼备的有机肥料。本研究表明施用不同浓度尾菜沼液的上海青,在株高、单株鲜质重、根重、茎粗、叶绿素上均高于CK处理组,上海青幼苗期株高、单株鲜质重在T4处理组表现最优,根重、茎粗在T5处理组表现最优;成长期株高、单株鲜质重、茎粗在T5处理组表现最优,根重在T4处理组表现最优;成熟期株高、单株鲜质重、根重、茎粗均在T5处理组表现最优;T5处理维生素C、可溶性糖含量最高,维生素C含量随着沼液浓度的降低呈升高后降低的趋势,硝酸盐的含量随着沼液浓度的降低而降低,不同处理(T1到T6)对比CK处理在维生素C、可溶性糖、硝酸盐含量上均存在显著性差异。基于TOPSIS方法对上海青综合效益评价指标排序为:T5 > T4 > T3 > T6 > T2 > T1 > CK,T5 (1:15)处理效果最佳,使得上海青的生长性状和品质达到最优水平。由此表明,沼液施用不仅可以改善上海青品质,而且可以大量消纳沼液,但在沼液施用时需要合理选择沼液的用量。进一步为沼液水肥一体化应用提供科学依据,为沼液资源化利用提供技术支撑,促进农业生产的可持续发展。
*通讯作者。