Therapeutic Effect of Glucosamine Combined with PRP and HA in the Treatment of Degenerative Knee Pain
Background: In recent years, with the aging of the Chinese population, the patients with degenerative knee pain have shown a significant increase trend, and perimenopausal women are the most common patients. At present, there are many conservative treatment methods for patients with degenerative knee pain. Besides surgery, the most common conservative treatment methods include anti-inflammatory analgesics, glucosamine, chondroitin, glucocorticoid, hyaluronic acid, calcitonin and platelet-rich plasma. As long-term oral anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs can cause greater damage to gastric mucosa and have a short time of action, currently, the most commonly used conservative treatment for perimenopausal women is oral glucosamine, joint cavity injection of hyaluronic acid and platelet-rich plasma, etc. Which of these treatment methods has the more significant effect, single drug or combined drug? At present, there is still a lack of clinical treatment basis, which is worth discussing together. Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect of platelet-rich plasma and hyaluronic acid combined with glucosamine in the treatment of degenerative knee pain in perimenopausal female patients, and to provide a better reference for the treatment of early knee pain. Methods 150 female patients with knee pain who met the inclusion criteria in the Lichuan People’s Hospital from June 2019 to June 2022 were enrolled and divided into 5 groups according to different treatment methods: Group A, oral glucosamine; Group B was injected with hyaluronic acid (HA). In group C, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was injected into joint cavity; Group D, oral glucosamine + joint cavity injection HA; Group E, oral glucosamine + joint cavity injection PRP; After 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of treatment, the general condition, WOMAC score, Lysholm score and gait parameter evaluation of the five groups were measured and compared respectively. Results: All five groups of conservative treatment were effective. The effect of combination therapy group (D, E) was more obvious than that of single therapy group (A, B, C). In the combined treatment group, the joint injection of glucosamine + PRP in the E group could relieve knee pain in a long-term manner, and the WOMAC score, Lysholm score and gait parameter evaluation of the affected knee joint were better than those of other treatment groups. Conclusion: Combined use of oral glucosamine + PRP articular injection or HA articular injection for the treatment of knee pain is better than that of single medication group for the knee joint. In the combined medication group, oral glucosamine + PRP articular injection for the treatment of degenerative knee pain is more effective in the long term. It provides a new basis for the clinical treatment of knee pain in patients with early KOA.
Platelet-Rich Plasma
富血小板血浆(Platelet-rich plasma, PRP)是一种自体血离心、浓缩及分离后得到的一种富含高浓度的血小板血浆制品,富含多种生长因子及活性物质,活性物质与靶细胞受体结合,通过机体协同作用促进细胞内多种蛋白质表达,细胞开始增殖、分化、迁移及血管生成,进而促进机体修复愈合
氨基葡萄糖是第一个被确认结构的功能性单糖,可通过化学修饰和提取进行稳定保存,乙酰化的氨基葡萄糖是滑液、关节软骨和椎间盘中的天然成分,可对关节软骨、滑膜及软骨下骨产生保护机制,促进骨修复
膝骨性关节炎(Knee Osteoarthritis, KOA)是一种老年多发慢性损伤性退变性疾病,以围绝经期及绝经后女性最为多见,其病变主要累及滑膜、关节软骨及软骨下骨
临床工作中保守治疗膝关节退行性病变除口服非甾体抗炎药外,最为常见的治疗方法为口服氨基葡萄糖、关节腔注射透明质酸(HA)及富血小板血浆(PRP),这这些治疗方式中那种治疗方式效果最佳?目前缺乏长期随访后的临床对照试验,本研究通过患者用药后的相关临床数据收集、分析、调查随访,充分论证了联合用药的意义所在,并为后期的临床治疗提供新的诊疗依据。
选取选利川市人民医院2019年6月至2022年6月在该院,因退变性KOA疼痛就诊的女性绝经患者150例;纳入标准:① 40~60岁围绝经期或绝经后退变性膝关节疼痛女性患者;② 患者治疗前膝关节视觉模拟评分(Visual Analogue Scale, VAS)均为中度疼痛(4~6分);③ 患者站立负重位DR示,K-L分级为Ⅱ-Ⅲ级;④ 同意签署关节有创穿刺治疗知情同意书;⑤ 同意随机分组接受相关药物治疗,且愿意接受后期随访;排除标准:① 膝关节积液较多(≥10 ml)引起的膝关节疼痛;② 有其他风湿免疫系统及内分泌系统疾病引起的关节疼痛;③ 近期有膝关节创伤史、膝关节穿刺治疗史;④ 对药物过敏,存在药物不良反应;⑤ 服用糖尿病药物或华法林患者;
患者充分了解VAS数值评分意义后自行评分
所有受试者随机分组,治疗后第2周、4周、6周及8周行膝关节WOMAC评估、Lysholm评分及步态参数评估;WOMAC评估主要从膝关节疼痛、僵硬及功能三大维度进行评分,分值越高表明膝关节症状越重,治疗效果越不明显
应用SPSS25.0统计软件行数据处理,符合正态分布的计量资料,如病程、年龄、绝经年龄、BMI值及VAS评分等用 (样本均数 ± 标准差)表示,多组间结果比较采用单因素方差分析;对各组数据行正态性及方差齐性检验,以a = 0.10,P > 0.10为检验水准,满足正态性及方差齐性检验时,各组间采用重复测量方差分析,不满足时采用秩和检验;重复测量方差分析中P > 0.05满足莫奇来球形度检验,行主体内效应检验,不满足时行多变量检验;按照意向性分析原则对所有数据进行分析,P < 0.05示差异具有统计学意义。
分别对A、B、C、D、E组行一般资料比较,结果显示各组间在病程、年龄、绝经年龄、BMI、初期VAS评分数据基线比较上差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),各组间具有实际可比性;见
组别 |
病程(年) |
年龄(岁) |
绝经年龄(岁) |
体重指数(kg/m2) |
VAS评分 |
A组 |
2.27 ± 0.74 |
49.93 ± 6.43 |
50.50 ± 4.55 |
26.06 ± 1.12 |
4.83 ± 0.79 |
B组 |
2.37 ± 0.81 |
52.23 ± 6.59 |
50.37 ± 4.11 |
25.64 ± 1.03 |
4.93 ± 0.78 |
C组 |
2.17 ± 0.79 |
52.30 ± 5.85 |
50.10 ± 3.99 |
25.89 ± 1.00 |
4.90 ± 0.77 |
D组 |
2.23 ± 0.82 |
53.80 ± 5.40 |
50.37 ± 4.09 |
26.21 ± 1.02 |
4.90 ± 0.76 |
E组 |
2.03 ± 0.81 |
53.83 ± 5.22 |
50.46 ± 3.99 |
26.21 ± 1.02 |
4.83 ± 0.79 |
F |
0.73 |
2.165 |
0.043 |
1.369 |
0.93 |
P |
0.573 |
0.076 |
0.996 |
0.248 |
0.985 |
各组不同用药后测量WOMAC值发现,A组、B组、C组、D组及E组治疗2周后分别为(88.63 ± 4.15)分、(82.10 ± 4.02)分、(83.17 ± 3.57)分、(85.97 ± 3.09)分、(86.60 ± 4.87)分,5种治疗方式均有效;4周后A~E组测量结果分别为(80.30 ± 3.82)分、(72.77 ± 3.70)分、(71.57 ± 3.53)分、(68.36 ± 5.06)分、(65.27 ± 4.69)分;6周后A~E组测量结果分别为(59.07 ± 4.65)分、(60.47 ± 4.33)分、(50.13 ± 3.3)分、(50.17 ± 2.72)分、(41.27 ± 3.74)分;8周后A~E组测量结果分别为(49.77 ± 2.80)分、(50.73 ± 5.60)分、(44.23 ± 4.62)分、(42.27 ± 4.91)分、(30.57 ± 4.55)分;分别对比各组测量时间发现,2周、4周、6周及8周各组数据对比均具有统计学意义(P < 0.05);A~E组时间、组别及时间*组别效应比较均具有统计学意义(P < 0.05),见
组别 |
2W |
4W |
6W |
8W |
A组 |
88.63 ± 4.15 |
80.30 ± 3.82 |
59.07 ± 4.65 |
49.77 ± 2.80 |
B组 |
82.10 ± 4.02 |
72.77 ± 3.70 |
60.47 ± 4.33 |
50.73 ± 5.60 |
C组 |
83.17 ± 3.57 |
71.57 ± 3.53 |
50.13 ± 3.30 |
44.23 ± 4.62 |
D组 |
85.97 ± 3.09 |
68.36 ± 5.06 |
50.17 ± 2.72 |
42.27 ± 4.91 |
E组 |
86.60 ± 4.87 |
65.27 ± 4.69 |
41.27 ± 3.74 |
30.57 ± 4.55 |
F |
13.23 |
54.13 |
121.836 |
92.86 |
P |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
F时间= 171.76,P时间< 0.05;F组别= 232.38,P组别< 0.05;F时间*组别= 48.91,P时间< 0.05。
随访评估膝关节Lysholm评分发现,用药后5组膝关节功能评分均有所增加,各组治疗方式均有效;D、E联合用药组Lysholm评分均值较A、B、C单一治疗组高,对比各组测量时间发现,2周、4周、6周及8周各组数据对比均具有统计学意义(P < 0.05);5组治疗方式比较,时间、组别及时间*组别效应差异均具有统计学意义,E组优于D组、D组优于其他单一用药组(A, B, C),且差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05),见
组别 |
2W |
4W |
6W |
8W |
A组 |
49.70 ± 4.21 |
62.83 ± 3.58 |
69.23 ± 3.23 |
80.10 ± 3.25 |
B组 |
50.13 ± 3.62 |
63.36 ± 4.08 |
68.43 ± 2.75 |
77.23 ± 2.81 |
C组 |
51.03 ± 3.33 |
63.10 ± 3.51 |
71.96 ± 2.57 |
80.33 ± 2.83 |
D组 |
52.4 ± 3.56 |
65.40 ± 3.68 |
75.96 ± 3.02 |
83.17 ± 2.46 |
E组 |
52.20 ± 3.53 |
64.18 ± 3.94 |
78.73 ± 2.92 |
89.03 ± 3.37 |
F |
3.246 |
4.905 |
68.886 |
68.240 |
P |
0.014 |
0.001 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
F时间= 107.09,P时间< 0.001;F组别= 24.946,P组别< 0.001;F时间*组别= 105.17,P时间< 0.001。
各组患侧支撑时间对比发现,随着治疗时间延长,患侧支撑时间均有所增加,各组用药均有效,D、E联合用药组较A、B、C单一用药组患侧支撑时间均值大,不同测量时间对比发现P < 0.05差异具有统计学意义;5组治疗方式比较,时间、组别及时间*组别效应差异均具有统计学意义(P < 0.05),见
组别 |
2W |
4W |
6W |
8W |
A组 |
0.32 ± 0.05 |
0.33 ± 0.05 |
0.33 ± 0.04 |
0.35 ± 0.04 |
B组 |
0.33 ± 0.04 |
0.33 ± 0.04 |
0.35 ± 0.04 |
0.36 ± 0.04 |
C组 |
0.34 ± 0.05 |
0.34 ± 0.05 |
0.36 ± 0.05 |
0.38 ± 0.05 |
D组 |
0.34 ± 0.06 |
0.35 ± 0.06 |
0.37 ± 0.06 |
0.38 ± 0.05 |
E组 |
0.37 ± 0.05 |
0.37 ± 0.05 |
0.39 ± 0.05 |
0.40 ± 0.05 |
F |
3.937 |
4.027 |
7.140 |
5.547 |
P |
0.005 |
0.004 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
F检测时间= 150.63,P时间< 0.05;F组别= 5.45,P组别< 0.05;F检测时间*组别= 3.86,P检测时间*组别= 0.005。
膝骨性关节炎是由多种因素导致的一种慢性关节损伤性疾病,通常累及关节滑膜、软骨及软骨下骨;随着病程的进展,后期膝关节周围韧带、肌肉和关节脂肪组织发生病理改变,导致膝关节僵硬、疼痛、及功能障碍,失去原有的运动功能
氨基葡萄糖是一种葡萄糖在人体内自然合成的内源性氨基单糖,主要用于糖蛋白和糖胺聚糖的生物合成
透明质酸是一种由n-乙酰胺葡萄糖、d-葡萄糖醛酸组成的酸性粘多糖,存在于大多数结缔组织中,以关节滑液及眼玻璃体为甚;HA在关节腔内具有减震、润滑、抗血管生成、抗炎和镇痛等特性
PRP内富含粘附蛋白和多种生物活性因子,如细胞因子、生长因子及溶酶体等,通过这些活性因子启动组织修复,完成血管重建,促进组织愈合,同时PRP浓缩后可促进生长因子超生理释放,促进慢性损伤的修复,有效缓解膝关节疼痛症状
综上所述,治疗退变性膝关节疼痛的疗效分析中,单一使用氨基葡萄糖、HA及PRP治疗膝关节疼痛和改善膝关节功能都具有一定效果,但随着治疗时间的延长,各种治疗方式都表现出一定的治疗缺陷;单一使用氨基葡萄糖治疗时间长,短时间无法缓解膝关节疼痛;HA治疗过程中仅针对患者症状对症支持治疗,无关节软骨修复效果,停药后患肢疼痛复发较快;而PRP单一用药治疗KOA较联合用药效果欠佳,膝关节功能恢复较慢,治疗周期长;本文联合用药组发现,氨基葡萄糖联合HA治疗效果较单一用药效果明显,但与氨基葡萄糖联合PRP治疗相比效果欠佳;结合本文随访研究治疗发现,氨基葡萄糖结合PRP治疗早期KOA疼痛效果最佳;氨基葡萄糖可促进关节软骨蛋白的生物合成,防止软骨降解,PRP富含粘附蛋白和多种生物活性因子,促进软骨修复,二者联合治疗既可促进关节软骨修复又可防止关节软骨降解,同时还对膝关节疼痛症状及关节功能得到了有效康复。氨基葡萄糖联合PRP治疗,能有效缓解早期KOA疼痛,改善膝关节功能,为临床早期治疗KOA疼痛提供了新的诊疗依据,在一定程度上可有效延缓或预防骨关节炎的病程进展;但目前该研究仅针对膝关节K-L分级为Ⅱ-Ⅲ级患者,对于其它更严重的KOA患者治疗是否有效,临床工作中PRP的浓度保持多少为宜,都还有待进一步研究。
*通讯作者。