Figure 1. Synthetic methods for preparing colloids with tunable surface roughness and shape. The surface morphology can be adjusted by varying the concentration of HQ and the St:TPM v/v ratio used for swelling linear PS (LPS) particles. The scale bar is 3 μm [17]--图1. 种子乳液聚合法制备表面粗糙度和形状可调的高分子微球示意图。通过改变HQ浓度和用于溶胀线性PS (LPS)颗粒的St:TPM v/v比,可以调整表面形貌。标尺尺寸为3 μm [17]--
Figure 3. SEM and TEM images of Hollow Dimpled Polystyrene Microparticles by Dispersion Polymerization [52]--图3. 一步分散聚合法制备的凹陷状PS空心粒子的SEM (左)和TEM (右)照片[52]--
Figure 4. Schematic diagram illustrating the formation mechanism of dimpled and hemispherical PS particles in the presence of decane droplets in methanol/water medium [11]--图4. 在甲醇/水介质中经癸烷蒸发法制备酒窝状和半球状PS粒子示意图[11]--
Figure 6. Cartoon schematics of basic outline of bowl-shaped polymer particle fabrication: (a) droplets of TPM oil (blue) are nucleated and grown on PS microspheres (red) to serve as a template; (b) an organic solvent is dispersed to plasticize and deform the particles across the droplet surface; (c) the solution is heated to evaporate the solvent, re-solidifying the particles; (d) the entire solution is transferred to an alcohol solution to dissolve and remove the TPM oil phase [49]--图6. 碗状聚合物颗粒制备的基本轮廓示意图:(a) TPM油滴(蓝色)成核并生长在PS微球(红色)上作为模板;(b)分散有机溶剂使颗粒在液滴表面塑化变形;(c)加热溶液使溶剂蒸发,使颗粒重新凝固;(d)将整个溶液转移到酒精溶液中溶解并除去TPM油相[49]--4.4. 对核壳聚合物复合颗粒的后处理
Figure 7. Schematic preparation steps of converting a PS nanospheres into the PS@C concave nanoparticle: (1) carbon coating; (2) heating, where PS swelling plastically enlarges the carbon shell; (3) cooling, where deswelling of PS core results in shrinkage [59]--图7. 将PS纳米球转化为凹陷状PS@C颗粒的制备步骤示意图:(1) 碳包覆;(2) 加热,PS溶胀使碳壳层变大;(3) 冷却,PS核去溶胀导致收缩[59]--5. 总结和展望
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