Analysis of Prognostic Risk Factors in Patients with Nonsevere Pulmonary Contusion
Objective: To explore the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in patients with nonsevere pulmonary contusion after blunt chest trauma and analyze the risk factors for pulmonary infection in patients with such injuries. Methods: 60 patients with nonsevere pulmonary contusion after blunt chest trauma who visited the emergency department of the Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2022 to May 2023 were included. They were randomized into two groups. The both group received conventional treatment such as analgesia, and the intervention group added antibiotic prophylaxis at the same time. The pulmonary infection of the two groups were recorded. Then all included patients were divided into infection group and non-infection group based on whether they had pulmonary infection. Monofactor analysis and multivariate analysis were performed on the relevant risk factors for prognosis. Results: There was no statistical difference in the baseline data between intervention group and control group (P > 0.05), and there was also no statistical difference in the incidence of pulmonary infection between two groups group (P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that smoking history (OR = 41.225, P < 0.01) and number of rib fractures (OR = 1.623, P < 0.05) were independent risk factors for pulmonary infection. Conclusions: Antibiotic prophylaxis cannot reduce the occurrence of pulmonary infection in patients with nonsevere pulmonary contusion. Smoking history and the number of rib fractures are independent risk factors for the occurrence of pulmonary infection in patients with such injuries.
Lung Injury
胸部外伤在急诊临床工作中十分常见,占全部创伤病例的15%,约60%的多发伤患者合并有胸部创伤
纳入于2022年9月1日至2023年5月31日在福建中医药大学附属第二人民医院急诊科就诊的胸部钝挫伤后肺挫伤患者60例。纳入标准:1) 经胸部CT等检查,临床确诊为肺挫伤;2) 根据简明损伤定级标准(Abbreviated Injury Scale, AIS) 2005版进行评估
按照随机数表法将入组患者分为研究组和对照组各30例。所有患者均予完善胸部CT检查。按照AIS 2005版
之后,再将所有纳入患者重新以是否发生肺部感染分为感染组和未感染组,通过研究过程中收集的临床资料行单因素及多因素分析,筛选出影响预后的危险因素。
收集所有患者的临床资料,包括性别、年龄、就诊距受伤时间、高血压病、糖尿病、心脏病、脑病史、吸烟史、伤因、去向、损伤严重度评分、肋骨骨折、骨折根数、骨折是否移位、手术干预情况、肺部感染发生情况、症状缓解时间情况。
因为肺挫伤的影像学上已存在改变,所以在临床工作中,我们若发现患者出现了以下情况,即诊断为肺部感染:1) 出现发热,且体温 > 38.5℃;2) 原有的呼吸道症状加重;3) 血常规提示白细胞计数≥10 × 109/L或<4 × 109/L
门诊病例以首次就诊时间为起始、留观或住院病例以出院时间为起始,第一个月每周随访1次,之后每月随访1次。
采用SPSS 25.0统计软件进行数据处理。符合正态分布的计量资料以均数 ± 标准差( )表示,组间比较采用t检验;不服从正态分布的计量资料以中位数(四分位间距)表示,组间比较采用非参数秩和检验;计数资料以频数与构成比表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法行单因素分析,单因素分析有统计学差异的纳入多因素分析,多因素分析采用二元Logistic回归法。P < 0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
研究组30例中剔除2例,均为入组后自愿退出。对照组30例中剔除1例,为自愿退出。故最后研究组28例,对照组29例。两组在基线资料的比较上均无统计学差异(P > 0.05,见
依据肺部感染发生情况将57例患者分为感染组(12例),未感染组(45例),单因素分析提示,年龄、高血压、糖尿病、吸烟史、肋骨骨折根数是影响非重症肺挫伤患者发生肺部感染的相关因素,其他观察指标在两组间的差异无统计学意义(见
项目 |
研究组(n = 28) |
对照组(n = 29) |
P |
性别 |
0.851 |
||
男 |
19 (67.9%) |
19 (65.5%) |
|
女 |
9 (32.1%) |
10 (34.5%) |
|
年龄(岁) |
53.5 (37.75, 65.75) |
57 (49, 68) |
0.371 |
就诊距受伤时间(小时) |
2 (1, 7.75) |
3 (1, 42) |
0.376 |
高血压 |
5 (17.9%) |
7 (24.1%) |
0.561 |
糖尿病 |
3 (10.7%) |
5 (17.2%) |
0.706 |
心脏病 |
0 (0%) |
3 (10.3%) |
0.237 |
脑病史 |
1 (3.6%) |
3 (10.3%) |
0.611 |
吸烟史 |
11 (39.3%) |
11 (37.9%) |
0.916 |
伤因 |
0.800 |
||
车祸 |
12 (42.9%) |
16 (55.2%) |
|
撞击 |
6 (21.4%) |
6 (20.7%) |
|
摔伤 |
7 (25.0%) |
6 (20.7%) |
|
高坠伤 |
2 (7.1%) |
1 (3.4%) |
|
殴打 |
1 (3.6%) |
0 (0%) |
|
去向 |
0.896 |
||
门诊 |
14 (50.0%) |
15 (51.7%) |
|
留观或住院 |
14 (50.0%) |
14 (48.3%) |
|
ISS分值 |
9.5 (9, 12) |
9 (9, 10) |
0.201 |
肋骨骨折 |
18 (64.3%) |
21 (72.4%) |
0.509 |
骨折根数 |
1 (0, 2.75) |
2 (0, 3.5) |
0.334 |
骨折是否移位 |
9 (32.1%) |
7 (24.1%) |
0.501 |
手术处理 |
1 (3.6%) |
0 (0%) |
0.491 |
项目 |
研究组(n = 28) |
对照组(n = 29) |
P |
发生肺部感染 |
6 (21.4%) |
6 (20.7%) |
0.945 |
临床症状缓解时间(天) |
8 (3, 14) |
10 (5, 14) |
0.459 |
项目 |
感染(n = 12) |
未感染(n = 45) |
P |
性别 |
0.301 |
||
男 |
10 (83.3%) |
28 (62.2%) |
|
女 |
2 (16.7%) |
17 (37.8%) |
|
年龄(岁) |
67 (49.5, 78) |
54 (41.5, 60.5) |
0.037 |
就诊距受伤时间(小时) |
4 (2, 21) |
2 (1, 23.5) |
0.177 |
高血压 |
6 (50.0%) |
6 (13.3%) |
0.012 |
糖尿病 |
5 (41.7%) |
3 (6.7%) |
0.007 |
心脏病 |
1 (8.3%) |
2 (4.4%) |
0.515 |
脑病史 |
1 (8.3%) |
3 (6.7%) |
1 |
吸烟史 |
8 (66.7%) |
14 (31.1%) |
0.043 |
伤因 |
0.296 |
||
车祸 |
4 (33.3%) |
24 (53.3%) |
|
撞击 |
3 (25.0%) |
9 (20.0%) |
|
摔伤 |
3 (25.0%) |
10 (22.2%) |
|
高坠伤 |
2 (16.7%) |
1 (2.2%) |
|
殴打 |
0 (0%) |
1 (2.2%) |
|
ISS分值 |
9.5 (9, 12.25) |
9 (9, 11) |
0.367 |
肋骨骨折 |
11 (91.7%) |
28 (62.2%) |
0.080 |
骨折根数 |
3 (1.25, 6) |
1 (0, 2) |
0.009 |
骨折是否移位 |
5 (41.7%) |
11 (24.4%) |
0.287 |
手术处理 |
1 (8.3%) |
0 (0%) |
0.211 |
预防性抗生素 |
6 (50.0%) |
22 (48.9%) |
0.945 |
以发生肺部感染为因变量,单因素分析中P < 0.05的变量为自变量,行二分类Logistic回归分析,结果提示吸烟史、肋骨骨折根数是影响预后的独立危险因素(见
项目 |
B |
OR |
95%CI |
P |
年龄 |
0.083 |
1.086 |
0.986~1.197 |
0.094 |
高血压 |
0.674 |
1.962 |
0.207~18.614 |
0.557 |
糖尿病 |
2.259 |
9.573 |
0.486~188.405 |
0.137 |
吸烟史 |
3.719 |
41.225 |
2.678~634.721 |
0.008 |
骨折根数 |
0.484 |
1.623 |
1.054~2.499 |
0.028 |
肺挫伤是由于胸部外伤引起的肺实质或间质受损,使肺泡内血液积聚或肺间质水肿,导致肺组织的生理结构和功能改变
本研究中57例肺挫伤患者的肺部感染发生率为21.1% (12例),研究组与对照组基本相当,在现有的文献报道中,肺挫伤后肺炎发生率为21%~45.5%不等
本研究中还表明,非重症肺挫伤患者发生肺部感染的危险因素为吸烟史、肋骨骨折根数。Carolyn S. Calfee的研究显示,主动吸烟与中至重度被动吸烟是严重钝性创伤后发生急性肺损伤的独立危险因素
综上所述,对于胸部钝挫伤后ISS < 16分的非重症肺挫伤患者,抗生素的预防性用药并不能减少肺部感染的发生,故不推荐无指征用药,以避免滥用抗生素。吸烟史及肋骨骨折根数是该类伤患创伤后发生肺部感染的独立危险因素,接诊医师应高度重视,密切随访,对伤情发展做出准确判断。
福建中医药大学校管课题临床专项资助(项目编号:XB2022024)。
*通讯作者。