A Comparative Study of Thyroid Hormone Levels in Pregnant Women of Different Pregnancy in a Hospital in Wuhan
Objective: To explore the correlation between different pregnancy and thyroid hormone levels. Methods: A total of 219 pregnant women who underwent prenatal examination in Hannan District People’s Hospital of Wuhan from January 2020 to December 2023 were included, and 50 non-pregnant healthy women were selected as the control group. According to pregnancy, they were divided into three groups, including 91 cases in the early pregnancy group (gestational age ≤ 13 weeks), 56 cases in the middle pregnancy group (gestational age > 13 and ≤27 weeks), and 72 cases in the late pregnancy group (gestational age > 27 weeks). Three items of thyroid function [free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)] were compared among the three groups. The positive rates of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAB) and antithyroglobulin antibody (TGAb) in the three groups were recorded. Results: TSH, FT3 and FT4 in the three groups of pregnant women were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The TSH level in the first trimester group was lower than that in the second trimester group and the third trimester group, and the TSH level in the third trimester group was higher than that in the second trimester group (P < 0.05). The levels of FT4 and FT3 in the second trimester group and the third trimester group were significantly lower than those in the first trimester group (P < 0.05). The levels of FT4 and FT3 in the third trimester group were significantly lower than those in the second trimester group. The positive rate of TPOAB in the first trimester group was higher than that in the second trimester group and the third trimester group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the second trimester and the third trimester (P > 0.05). Conclusion: There are significant differences in thyroid function indexes of pregnant women in different pregnancy periods. Attention should be paid to the five indexes of thyroid function of pregnant women in different pregnancy periods, and corresponding observation or intervention should be given.
Thyroid Function
近年来,有研究发现妊娠合并甲状腺疾病的发生率逐步升高
纳入2022年6月~2023年12月武汉市汉南区人民医院行产检孕妇219例。依据孕期分为3组,其中孕早期组(孕周 ≤ 13周) 91例,孕中期组(孕周 > 13且≤27周) 56例、孕晚期组(孕周 > 27周) 72例。两组产妇一般资料比较无统计学差异,具有可比性(P > 0.05),见
组别 |
n |
年龄(岁) |
学历状况 |
产妇类型 |
|||
初中及以下 |
高中及大专 |
大学及以上 |
初产妇 |
经产妇 |
|||
孕早期组 |
91 |
28.43 ± 2.76 |
24 (26.37) |
37 (40.66) |
30 (32.97) |
59 (64.84) |
32 (35.16) |
孕中期组 |
56 |
29.25 ± 2.81 |
19 (33,93) |
23 (41.07) |
14 (25.00) |
31 (60.17) |
25 (39.29) |
孕晚期组 |
72 |
28.19 ± 2.97 |
21 (29.17) |
34 (47.22) |
17 (23.61) |
39 (54.17) |
33 (45.83) |
x2/t |
2.354 |
0.957 |
0.812 |
1.735 |
1.917 |
||
P |
0.097 |
0.620 |
0.666 |
0.420 |
0.384 |
① 年龄 ≥ 18岁者;② 单胎妊娠者;③ 计划于我院进行分娩者;④ 产检指标均正常者;⑤ 知情且同意者。
① 有甲状腺疾病或病史者;② 伴有妊娠期高血压等其他妊娠期常见并发症者;③ 2个月内服用含碘药物者;④ 3个月内未服用影响甲状腺功能药物者;⑤ 伴有其他免疫、代谢疾病者。
依据孕期分为3组,孕周 ≤ 13周纳入孕早期组;孕周 > 13且≤ 27周纳入孕中期组;孕周 > 27周纳入孕晚期组。所有孕妇均取清晨空腹状态下5 ml静脉血,于常温中静置20 min后,以3500 r/min离心处理10 min,backman DXI800化学发光免疫分析仪使用进行测定,并得出游离甲状腺素(FT4)、游离三碘甲状原氨酸(T3)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAB)、抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)水平。
依据检查结果,若TPOAB ≤ 2.5 mU/L则记作阴性,若TPOAB > 2.5 mU/L则记作阳性。若TGAb ≤ 115 IU/ml则记作阴性,若TGAb > 115 IU/ml则记作阳性。
采用SPSS19.0统计软处理所得数据,计量资料以( )表示,组间比较行独立样本t检验,组内不同时段比较行配对样本t检验,等级资料比较行秩和检验,计数资料以n (%)表示,两两比较行x2检验以,以P < 0.05为差异表示具有统计学意义,P < 0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
三组孕妇较对照组TSH、FT3、FT4均有显著下降(P < 0.05);孕早期组TSH水平低于孕中期组、孕晚期组,且孕晚期组TSH水平高于孕中期组(P < 0.05);孕中期组、孕晚期组较孕早期组FT4、FT3水平显著下降(P < 0.05);且孕晚期组较孕中期组FT4、FT3水平显著下降,见
n |
TSH (mIU/L) |
FT3 (pmol/L) |
FT4 (pmol/L) |
|
孕早期组 |
91 |
1.23 ± 0.28a |
4.68 ± 0.42a |
11.46 ± 1.59a |
孕中期租 |
56 |
1.61 ± 0.25ab |
4.16 ± 0.23ab |
9.91 ± 1.04ab |
孕晚期组 |
72 |
1.86 ± 1.33abc |
4.06 ± 0.31abc |
8.77 ± 0.88abc |
对照组 |
50 |
2.19 ± 0.67 |
4.92 ± 0.41 |
14.31 ± 2.03 |
注:与对照组比较,aP < 0.05;与孕早期组比较,bP < 0.05;与孕中期比较cP < 0.05。
孕早期组TPOAB阳性率高于孕中期组、孕晚期组比较均有统计学差异(P < 0.05),孕中期与孕晚期比较无统计学差异,比较均无统计学差异(P > 0.05)。(
n |
TPOAB |
TGAb |
|
孕早期组 |
91 |
24 (26.37) |
22 (24.18) |
孕中期租 |
56 |
9 (16.07)d |
10 (17.85)d |
孕晚期组 |
72 |
4 (5.56)d |
8 (11.11)d |
注:与孕早期组比较,dP < 0.05。
妊娠期产妇会出现诸多生理变化,其中甲状腺激素等内分泌激素水平的变化是最为明显,亦是极为重要的。其中,甲状腺激素作为参与机体生长发育的重要物质,既直接加速胎儿骨骼发育,促进胎儿生长,还直接推动产妇新陈代谢
本次研究通过对不同孕期产妇的甲状腺激素水平进行比较,发现伴随孕期增加,甲状腺激素水平亦呈上升趋势,与孔德华等
本次研究还发现,TPOAB阳性率与孕周增加有关,其结果与朱小秀
综上所述,伴随孕周增加,TSH水平不断上升,FT3、FT4表达不断下降,且孕早期TPOAB阳性率低于孕中期及孕晚期。