目的:探讨腓骨肌萎缩症的不典型临床表现及误诊原因。方法:对我院误诊的1例腓骨肌萎缩症进行回顾性分析,并通过中国知网、万方医学网,输入“腓骨肌萎缩症、误诊”进行文献检索,查找到既往误诊3例,对4例患者的误诊原因进行分析。结果:4例患者分别被误诊为:干眼症(误诊时间2年)、原发性视神经萎缩(误诊34年)、慢性阻塞性肺疾病,慢性肺源性心脏病(误诊8年)及腰椎间盘突出并椎管狭窄症(误诊10年)。诊断明确后嘱患者注意休息,勿过度劳累,避免剧烈运动,给予口服甲钴胺、维生素B1、维生素C及针灸、理疗等治疗。经随访,患者症状均无明显改善,缓慢进展。结论:因本病早期临床表现不典型,医生对本病了解掌握不够,导致误诊率高。下一步应加强学习,拓宽知识面,提高对神经科少见疾病的认识。临床中应进行规范全面细致的查体,避免先入为主,要加强与相关科室的沟通,必要时进行会诊,集思广益。 Objective: To explore the atypical clinical manifestations and misdiagnosis reasons of peroneal muscular atrophy. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on one misdiagnosed case of peroneal muscular atrophy in our hospital, and literature search was conducted by inputting “Peroneal muscular atrophy and misdiagnosis” through CNKI and Wanfang Medical Network. Three previous misdiagnosis cases were found, and the causes of misdiagnosis in four patients were analyzed. Result: Four patients were misdiagnosed as dry eye syndrome (misdiagnosed for 2 years), primary optic nerve atrophy (misdiagnosed for 34 years), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic pulmonary heart disease (misdiagnosed for 8 years), and lumbar disc herniation with spinal stenosis (misdiagnosed for 10 years). After the diagnosis was clear, all the patients were instructed to take a rest, avoid overwork and strenuous exercise. Oral mecobalamin, vitamin B1, vitamin C, acupuncture and moxibustion, physiotherapy and other treatments were given. After follow-up, the patients’ symptoms did not improve significantly, but progressed slowly. Conclusion: Due to atypical early clinical manifestations of this disease and insufficient understanding and mastery by doctors, the misdiagnosis rate is high. The next step is to strengthen learning, broaden knowledge, and improve understanding of rare neurological diseases. In clinical practice, standardized, comprehensive, and meticulous physical examinations should be conducted. We should avoid preconceptions. Communication with relevant departments should be strengthened, and consultations should be conducted if necessary to gather wisdom.
目的:探讨腓骨肌萎缩症的不典型临床表现及误诊原因。方法:对我院误诊的1例腓骨肌萎缩症进行回顾性分析,并通过中国知网、万方医学网,输入“腓骨肌萎缩症、误诊”进行文献检索,查找到既往误诊3例,对4例患者的误诊原因进行分析。结果:4例患者分别被误诊为:干眼症(误诊时间2年)、原发性视神经萎缩(误诊34年)、慢性阻塞性肺疾病,慢性肺源性心脏病(误诊8年)及腰椎间盘突出并椎管狭窄症(误诊10年)。诊断明确后嘱患者注意休息,勿过度劳累,避免剧烈运动,给予口服甲钴胺、维生素B1、维生素C及针灸、理疗等治疗。经随访,患者症状均无明显改善,缓慢进展。结论:因本病早期临床表现不典型,医生对本病了解掌握不够,导致误诊率高。下一步应加强学习,拓宽知识面,提高对神经科少见疾病的认识。临床中应进行规范全面细致的查体,避免先入为主,要加强与相关科室的沟通,必要时进行会诊,集思广益。
腓骨肌萎缩症,误诊
Yuchi Wen1*, Yan Zhang2, Weijia Qing3, Guangyun Li3, Hongwei Li3, Qiang Chen3, Minghao Zhang3, Zhihong Wu3, Jing Wang1
1Department of Emergency Medicine, PLA 63710 Military Hospital, Xinzhou Shanxi
2Department of Surgery, PLA 63710 Military Hospital, Xinzhou Shanxi
3Department of Medicine, PLA 63710 Military Hospital, Xinzhou Shanxi
Received: Apr. 14th, 2024; accepted: May 14th, 2024; published: May 22nd, 2024
Objective: To explore the atypical clinical manifestations and misdiagnosis reasons of peroneal muscular atrophy. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on one misdiagnosed case of peroneal muscular atrophy in our hospital, and literature search was conducted by inputting “Peroneal muscular atrophy and misdiagnosis” through CNKI and Wanfang Medical Network. Three previous misdiagnosis cases were found, and the causes of misdiagnosis in four patients were analyzed. Result: Four patients were misdiagnosed as dry eye syndrome (misdiagnosed for 2 years), primary optic nerve atrophy (misdiagnosed for 34 years), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic pulmonary heart disease (misdiagnosed for 8 years), and lumbar disc herniation with spinal stenosis (misdiagnosed for 10 years). After the diagnosis was clear, all the patients were instructed to take a rest, avoid overwork and strenuous exercise. Oral mecobalamin, vitamin B1, vitamin C, acupuncture and moxibustion, physiotherapy and other treatments were given. After follow-up, the patients’ symptoms did not improve significantly, but progressed slowly. Conclusion: Due to atypical early clinical manifestations of this disease and insufficient understanding and mastery by doctors, the misdiagnosis rate is high. The next step is to strengthen learning, broaden knowledge, and improve understanding of rare neurological diseases. In clinical practice, standardized, comprehensive, and meticulous physical examinations should be conducted. We should avoid preconceptions. Communication with relevant departments should be strengthened, and consultations should be conducted if necessary to gather wisdom.
Keywords:Peroneal Muscular Atrophy, Misdiagnosis
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腓骨肌萎缩症(peroneal muscular atrophy)是一组最常见的周围神经单基因遗传病,具有高度的临床变异性和遗传异质性。本病临床表现多样,涉及的患病基因数量多,目前已经发现超过100个基因与本病的发生相关 [
我院误诊1例腓骨肌萎缩症,并通过中国知网、万方医学网,输入“腓骨肌萎缩症、误诊”进行文献检索。① 纳入标准:2006年1月~2021年10月中国大陆的腓骨肌萎缩症误诊论文;② 病史、查体、辅助检查资料完整,诊断明确;③ 误诊疾病明确。排除标准:① 综述性文献资料;② 临床资料不完整。
共入组文献3篇 [
我院就诊的1例以眼干起病,多次就诊于眼科,1例以视力差起病,1例以咳嗽、咳痰、气短、下肢水肿起病,1例以双下肢麻木无力起病。
3例患者诉肢体无力(75%),1例患者肢体麻木(25%),1例无肢体麻木无力主诉(25%),经详细查体,肌肉萎缩2例(50%),存在肌力减退4例(100%),深浅感觉减退2例(50%),深浅感觉减退2例(50%),腱反射减退1例(25%),腱反射消失3例(75%),病理反射阴性4例(100%)。
双侧面神经运动传导潜伏期延长1例,上肢周围神经损害(运动及感觉纤维均受累)3例,下肢周围神经损害4例(运动及感觉纤维均受累),本病确诊需要进行基因检测。4例患者中,完善基因检测2例(50%),因价格昂贵拒绝基因检测2例(50%),基因检测均提示:染色体17p12区域大片段重复变异(PMP22基因)。
4例患者分别被误诊为:干眼症(误诊时间2年)、原发性视神经萎缩(误诊34年)、慢性阻塞性肺疾病 慢性肺源性心脏病(误诊8年)及腰椎间盘突出并椎管狭窄症(误诊10年)。
4例患者诊断明确后嘱患者注意休息,勿过度劳累,避免剧烈运动,给予口服甲钴胺、维生素B1、维生素C及针灸、理疗等治疗,经随访,患者症状均无明显改善,缓慢进展。
本病常具有以下特征:儿童期、青年期或青年晚期发病,起病隐袭,进展缓慢;双下肢缓慢进行性萎缩及无力,呈“鹤腿”样改变,有的累及上肢远端;均有腱反射减弱或消失;伴或不伴有肢体远端感觉障碍;部分有弓形足、马蹄内翻足、爪形手、脊柱侧突等畸形 [
(1) 本病的早期表现极不典型,发病初期缺乏周围神经损伤的症状。我院诊治的1例以眼干起病,既往未见报道。患者多次就诊于眼科,未诉肢体麻木、无力等有意义的不适,眼科医生比较专科,对腓骨肌萎缩症缺乏了解,一直按干眼症进行治疗,没有考虑到眼科以外的疾病引起干眼症的可能。干眼症在眼科非常常见,发病率大约在21%~30%,可以由多种因素导致,以眼睛干涩为主要症状 [
(1) 加强业务学习,拓宽知识面,提高对CMT等神经科少见疾病的认识,进行系统查体及神经科查体的相关培训,主要包括皮肤查体,重点看皮肤粘膜有无溃疡。眼部查体如瞳孔大小,视力及眼震,心脏及肺部查体。四肢查体重点查肌容积有无异常,左右对比,必要时用软尺测量肢体周径。神经系统查体重点查深浅感觉、肌力、肌张力及腱反射、病理反射等。让每名医生都能够进行熟练的体格检查;(2) 仔细询问病史,进行全面细致的查体,避免先入为主,患者反复就诊效果不佳时多思考一下,看看自己的诊断是否有误。鉴别诊断时不能局限于周围神经疾病之间,要想到本病可以表现为其他科疾病。(3) 要加强与相关科室的沟通,必要时进行会诊,集思广益。
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