雨水径流是城市水循环过程中的重要途径,微塑料随着径流冲刷发生迁移会导致城市水环境恶化,破坏原有的生态平衡。本文通过国内外关于城市雨水径流中微塑料的赋存特征及影响因素进行系统梳理,并重点阐述了基于微塑料污染影响因素下的微塑料污染控制方法的发展方向,为城市生态文明建设和面源污染防控提供借鉴。通过建立雨水径流中微塑料的污染监测及特征分析完备体系,建立以调节影响因素为主的城市雨水径流微塑料污染控制方法,并开展效果评估,是实现城市面源污染控制的关键手段,是保障我国生态文明建设的必需要素。 Stormwater runoff is an important way in the process of urban water cycle. The migration of microplastics along with runoff erosion led to the deterioration of urban water environment and destroyed the original ecological balance. This paper systematically combs the occurrence characteristics and influencing factors of microplastics in urban stormwater runoff at home and abroad, and focuses on the development direction of microplastics pollution control methods based on the influencing factors of microplastics pollution, so as to provide references for urban ecological civilization construction and non-point source pollution prevention and control. By establishing a complete system for monitoring and characteristic analysis of microplastic pollution in stormwater runoff, establishing a control method for urban microplastic pollution in stormwater runoff focusing on regulating influencing factors, and carrying out effect evaluation, it is a key means to realize urban non-point source pollution control, and an essential element to ensure the construction of ecological civilization in China.
雨水径流是城市水循环过程中的重要途径,微塑料随着径流冲刷发生迁移会导致城市水环境恶化,破坏原有的生态平衡。本文通过国内外关于城市雨水径流中微塑料的赋存特征及影响因素进行系统梳理,并重点阐述了基于微塑料污染影响因素下的微塑料污染控制方法的发展方向,为城市生态文明建设和面源污染防控提供借鉴。通过建立雨水径流中微塑料的污染监测及特征分析完备体系,建立以调节影响因素为主的城市雨水径流微塑料污染控制方法,并开展效果评估,是实现城市面源污染控制的关键手段,是保障我国生态文明建设的必需要素。
城市雨水径流,微塑料,赋存特征,影响因素
Zhaoxin Zhang1,2,3,4,5*, Tingting Meng1,2,3,4,5
1Shaanxi Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi’an Shaanxi
2Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, Xi’an Shaanxi
3Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, The Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi’an Shaanxi
4Shaanxi Land Consolidation Engineering Technology Research Center, Xi’an Shaanxi
5Institute of Land Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi’an Shaanxi
Received: Mar. 14th, 2024; accepted: Mar. 31st, 2024; published: Apr. 23rd, 2024
Stormwater runoff is an important way in the process of urban water cycle. The migration of microplastics along with runoff erosion led to the deterioration of urban water environment and destroyed the original ecological balance. This paper systematically combs the occurrence characteristics and influencing factors of microplastics in urban stormwater runoff at home and abroad, and focuses on the development direction of microplastics pollution control methods based on the influencing factors of microplastics pollution, so as to provide references for urban ecological civilization construction and non-point source pollution prevention and control. By establishing a complete system for monitoring and characteristic analysis of microplastic pollution in stormwater runoff, establishing a control method for urban microplastic pollution in stormwater runoff focusing on regulating influencing factors, and carrying out effect evaluation, it is a key means to realize urban non-point source pollution control, and an essential element to ensure the construction of ecological civilization in China.
Keywords:Urban Stormwater Runoff, Microplastics, Occurrence Characteristics, Influencing Factor
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微塑料(Microplastics, MPs)由于其独特的物理化学性质及其在环境中的暴露和生物毒性,是国际上广泛关注的新兴污染物之一,受到了研究人员前所未有的关注。微塑料通常被定义为粒径在1 mm至5 mm之间的塑料物品,可以根据形状,化学成分和潜在危害进行分类,且由于其顽固性和小尺寸,微塑料在环境中不易降解,容易被水生生物消耗,且会长期留存在动物体内并会随食物链最终影响人类 [
水环境是微塑料的主要赋存区域,天然水体中的微塑料主要来源于城市雨水径流、污水处理厂尾水、农业种植、渔业活动和大气沉降。已有研究通过对雨水口、污水处理厂、河口和运河入口开展监测发现,雨水口中微塑料的污染负荷最高。在雨水中发现的常见微塑料包括橡胶颗粒、纤维、纤维束、薄膜、泡沫、碎片、凝胶、玻璃碎片、球体和泡沫等。雨水径流是水循环过程中连接陆地和海洋的重要途径,随着使用磨损及老化,微塑料会不可避免地随着径流冲刷发生迁移,赋存在城市绿地土壤、河道、湖泊等,甚至会随着城市管网进入污水处理厂,从而可能进入城市供水管网,导致水环境恶化,破坏原有的生态平衡 [
目前,针对城市雨水径流中微塑料污染的研究已成为国内外热点,但国外起步较早,对城市雨水径流中微塑料污染研究较为系统,国内目前的研究与国外相较还存在较大差距。基于此,本文通过国内外关于城市雨水径流中微塑料的赋存特征及影响因素进行系统梳理,并重点阐述了基于微塑料污染影响因素下的微塑料污染控制方法的发展方向,为城市生态文明建设和面源污染防控提供借鉴。
城市雨水径流中微塑料的迁移以及赋存逐渐引起学者们的关注。研究表明,雨水径流是湖泊中微塑料的主要污染物来源,其年负荷量约为8.9吨,且雨水下水道中的微塑料负荷是污水处理厂负荷的6倍。Treilles等 [
由于雨水径流受到降雨事件特征、下垫面特征等因素的影响,对于雨水径流中微塑料赋存特征的影响因素识别,也是近年来的重点研究方向。仇付国等 [
在水体中微塑料污染现状方面,现有研究多针对于大规模水体如河流、湖泊等层面,对城市雨水径流中微塑料污染的赋存特征和影响因素方面的研究开展的不够全面。因此,在城市雨水径流中微塑料污染分析方面,需开展径流驱动下微塑料的迁移机制研究,为雨水径流中微塑料的污染监测及特征分析建立完备体系;在微塑料污染控制方面,可以考虑建立以调节影响因素为主的城市雨水径流微塑料污染控制方法,开展对微塑料污染的控制效果评估,能有效控制城市中微塑料造成的污染。基于此,明确雨水径流中微塑料迁移的驱动机制,建立关键影响因素调控的微塑料控制方法,是实现城市面源污染控制的关键手段,是保障我国生态文明建设的必需要素。
陕西省土地工程建设集团内部科研项目(DJNY2024-22)。
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