目的:探讨降钙素原(PCT)、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)及二者联合对预测胃癌术后吻合口瘘的价值。方法:回顾性分析2021.01~2022.12在本院胃肠外科行胃癌外科手术治疗的135例患者临床资料,根据术后是否发生吻合口瘘分为非吻合口瘘组(93例)和吻合口瘘组(42例),采用倾向性评分匹配法(PSM)减少混杂因素的影响,比较两组患者一般临床资料间的差异。比较匹配后患者术后第1、3、5、7天的PCT、NLR差异,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价PCT、NLR及二者联合检测对预测胃癌术后吻合口瘘的价值。结果:吻合口瘘组PCT数值在术后第3、5、7天高于非吻合口瘘组,差异有统计学意义( P < 0.05);吻合口瘘组NLR数值在术后第5、7天高于非吻合口瘘组,差异有统计学意义( P < 0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,术后第5天PCT联合NLR的AUC最大,为0.913,约登指数为0.75,灵敏度为87.5%,特异度为87.5%。术后第3天PCT的AUC为0.804,约登指数为0.563,截断值为1.725 ng/ml, P < 0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论:PCT、NLR及二者联合对预测胃癌术后吻合口瘘有价值,其中术后第5天PCT联合NLR预测效果最佳,与此同时,由于早期性,术后第3天当PCT > 1.725 ng/ml时,也应该警惕吻合口瘘的发生。 Objective: To investigate the value of procalcitonin (PCT), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and their combination in prediction of anastomotic leakage in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: the clinical data of 135 patients who underwent gastric cancer surgery in the Hospital of department of gastrointestinal surgery were analyzed retrospectively. According to the occurrence of anastomotic leakage after surgery, the patients were divided into two groups: non-anastomotic leakage group (n = 93) and anastomotic leakage group (n = 42). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to reduce the influence of confounding factors, The differences of general clinical data between the two groups were compared The PCT and NLR of matched Patients on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day after surgery were compared, and the Receiver Operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the value of PCT, NLR and their combination in prediction of postoperative anastomotic leakage in gastric cancer. Result: The PCT value of anastomotic leakage group was higher than that of non-anastomotic leakage group on the 3th, 5th and 7th day after operation, and the difference was statistically significant. On the 5th and 7th day after operation, the NLR value of anastomotic leakage group was higher than that of non-anastomotic leakage group, and the difference was statistically significant. ROC curve analysis showed that on the 5th day after operation, the AUC of PCT combined with NLR was the biggest, which was 0.913, the Youden index was 0.75, the sensitivity was 87.5% and the specificity was 87.5%. On the 3rd day after operation, the AUC of PCT was 0.804. The Youden index was 0.563 and the cutoff value was 1.725 ng/ml. Conclusion PCT, NLR and their combination have predictive value in prediction of gastric cancer for post-operation AL, in which the effect of PCT combined with NLR is the best on the 5th day after operation. On the 3rd day after operation, because of the early characteristic, when PCT > 1.725 ng/ml, we should also pay attention to the occurrence of anastomotic leakage.
目的:探讨降钙素原(PCT)、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)及二者联合对预测胃癌术后吻合口瘘的价值。方法:回顾性分析2021.01~2022.12在本院胃肠外科行胃癌外科手术治疗的135例患者临床资料,根据术后是否发生吻合口瘘分为非吻合口瘘组(93例)和吻合口瘘组(42例),采用倾向性评分匹配法(PSM)减少混杂因素的影响,比较两组患者一般临床资料间的差异。比较匹配后患者术后第1、3、5、7天的PCT、NLR差异,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价PCT、NLR及二者联合检测对预测胃癌术后吻合口瘘的价值。结果:吻合口瘘组PCT数值在术后第3、5、7天高于非吻合口瘘组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);吻合口瘘组NLR数值在术后第5、7天高于非吻合口瘘组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,术后第5天PCT联合NLR的AUC最大,为0.913,约登指数为0.75,灵敏度为87.5%,特异度为87.5%。术后第3天PCT的AUC为0.804,约登指数为0.563,截断值为1.725 ng/ml,P < 0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论:PCT、NLR及二者联合对预测胃癌术后吻合口瘘有价值,其中术后第5天PCT联合NLR预测效果最佳,与此同时,由于早期性,术后第3天当PCT > 1.725 ng/ml时,也应该警惕吻合口瘘的发生。
胃癌,降钙素原(PCT),中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR),吻合口瘘(AL),早期预测
Jingjing Qin1*, Cao Zhang1,2#, Taotao Liu1, Hao Li1
1The First Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia
2Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia
Received: Jan. 25th, 2024; accepted: Apr. 1st, 2024; published: Apr. 9th, 2024
Objective: To investigate the value of procalcitonin (PCT), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and their combination in prediction of anastomotic leakage in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: the clinical data of 135 patients who underwent gastric cancer surgery in the Hospital of department of gastrointestinal surgery were analyzed retrospectively. According to the occurrence of anastomotic leakage after surgery, the patients were divided into two groups: non-anastomotic leakage group (n = 93) and anastomotic leakage group (n = 42). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to reduce the influence of confounding factors, The differences of general clinical data between the two groups were compared The PCT and NLR of matched Patients on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day after surgery were compared, and the Receiver Operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the value of PCT, NLR and their combination in prediction of postoperative anastomotic leakage in gastric cancer. Result: The PCT value of anastomotic leakage group was higher than that of non-anastomotic leakage group on the 3th, 5th and 7th day after operation, and the difference was statistically significant. On the 5th and 7th day after operation, the NLR value of anastomotic leakage group was higher than that of non-anastomotic leakage group, and the difference was statistically significant. ROC curve analysis showed that on the 5th day after operation, the AUC of PCT combined with NLR was the biggest, which was 0.913, the Youden index was 0.75, the sensitivity was 87.5% and the specificity was 87.5%. On the 3rd day after operation, the AUC of PCT was 0.804. The Youden index was 0.563 and the cutoff value was 1.725 ng/ml. Conclusion PCT, NLR and their combination have predictive value in prediction of gastric cancer for post-operation AL, in which the effect of PCT combined with NLR is the best on the 5th day after operation. On the 3rd day after operation, because of the early characteristic, when PCT > 1.725 ng/ml, we should also pay attention to the occurrence of anastomotic leakage.
Keywords:Gastric Cancer (GC), Procalcitonin (PCT), Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Anastomotic Leakage (AL), Early Prediction
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胃癌是常见的恶性肿瘤之一,在我国,其发病率与死亡率均排在第三位 [
选取2021.01~2022.12在我院胃肠外科治疗的胃癌患者,按照“图1”流程最终选取135例病例作为研究对象。其纳入标准包括:1) 术前经病理活检证实为胃癌且行外科手术治疗;2) 病例资料完整,有术前、术后第1、3、5、7天晨起空腹静脉血测得PCT、NLR数值;3) 瘘的诊断标准依据相关文献 [
图1. 入组患者纳入排除流程图
1) 通过医院his系统仔细回顾患者病例资料,收集符合纳入标准的患者基本临床资料,相关检验检查结果、手术记录等。
2) 所有病例血样资料均为抽取入院后、术后第1、3、5、7天晨起空腹静脉血,由我院检验科测得指标数值,其中NLR = 中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值。
采用SPSS26.0行统计学分析,其中正态分布的计量资料采用( χ ¯ ± s )表示,组间比较采用t检验,其中不满足方差齐的定量资料采用Leneve检验;计数资料采用率的形式表示,组间分析采用χ2检验,等级资料采用秩和检验。应用倾向性评分匹配(propensity score matching, PSM)对混杂变量进行控制。应用受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve, ROC)比较匹配后病例相关检验指标曲线下面积(area under curve, AUC)。检验水准α = 0.05。
1) 对非吻合口瘘组与吻合口瘘组患者17项单因素进行分析,结果如“表1”所示。
变量 | 非吻合口瘘(n = 93) | 吻合口瘘组(n = 42) | t/χ2 | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
性别 | 2.141 | 0.143 | ||
男 女 | 59 (63.4%) 34 (36.6%) | 32 (76.2%) 10 (23.8%) | ||
年龄 | 58.76 ± 11.60 | 65.57 ± 7.62 | −4.048 | 0.000* |
BMI (kg·m−2) | 22.18 ± 3.15 | 24.09 ± 2.26 | −4.009 | 0.000* |
有糖尿病史 | 2 (2.20%) | 6 (14.30%) | 5.621 | 0.018* |
手术时长(h) | 3.69 ± 0.85 | 3.98 ± 0.92 | −1.787 | 0.076 |
病理分期 | −1.312 | 0.190 | ||
0 I II III IV | 7 (7.50%) 20 (21.50%) 20 (21.50%) 43 (46.20%) 3 (3.20%) | 1 (2.40%) 5 (11.90%) 11 (26.20%) 25 (59.50%) 0 (0.00 %) | ||
手术方式 | 2.721 | 0.257 | ||
近端切除 远端切除 全胃切除 | 14 (15.10%) 54 (58.10%)) 25 (26.90%) | 4 (9.50%) 21 (50.00%) 17 (40.50%) | ||
术中出血量(ml) | 201.40 ± 157.19 | 298.81 ± 337.22 | −1.786 | 0.080 |
术前其他指标 白细胞计数(×109/L) 中性粒细胞相对值(%) 淋巴细胞相对值(%) NLR 术前白蛋白(g/l) D2聚体(mg/l) CEA CA125 CA199 | 5.79 ± 1.58 57.67 ± 8.86 30.86 ± 8.99 2.14 ± 1.05 38.09 ± 4.58 0.49 ± 0.60 4.99 ± 12.97 11.83 ± 10.32 35.26 ± 100.71 | 5.68 ± 1.55 59.43 ± 8.35 28.36 ± 7.67 2.34 ± 0.99 36.65 ± 4.16 0.69 ± 1.03 5.85 ± 16.32 17.72 ± 25.88 61.07 ± 174.07 | 0.407 −1.087 1.560 −1.006 1.744 −1.231 −0.328 −1.893 −0.895 | 0.685 0.279 0.121 0.316 0.083 0.224 0.743 0.061 0.375 |
表1. 未匹配前两组患者基本临床资料的比较
注释:BMI:身体质量指数;NLR:白细胞/中细粒细胞绝对值;*表示P < 0.05。
2) 对纳入的17项单因素按照1:1的匹配比例和0.02的卡钳值进行PSM,以减少偏差和混杂因素的影响,共计匹配成功32对,对64例病例进行单因素分析,结果如“表2”所示。
项目 | 非吻合口瘘(n = 32) | 吻合口瘘组(n = 32) | t/χ2 | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
性别 | 1.641 | 0.200 | ||
男 女 | 28 (87.50%) 4 (12.50%) | 24 (75.00%) 8 (25.00%) | ||
年龄 | 65.19 ± 7.87 | 63.97 ± 7.77 | 0.624 | 0.535 |
BMI (kg·m−2) | 22.657 ± 2.78 | 23.812 ± 2.18 | −1.849 | 0.069 |
有糖尿病病史 | 0 (0.00%) | 2 (6.30%) | 0.516 | 0.472 |
手术时长(h) | 3.750 ± 0.98 | 4.047 ± 0.99 | −1.210 | 0.231 |
分期 | −1.134 | 0.257 | ||
0 I II III IV | 4 (12.50%) 3 (9.40%) 10 (31.30%) 14 (43.80%) 1 (3.10%) | 1 (3.10%) 2 (6.30%) 10 (31.30%) 19 (59.40%) 0 (0.00%) | ||
手术方式 | 5.989 | 0.051 | ||
近端切除 远端切除 全胃切除 | 9(28.10%) 14(43.80%)) 9(28.10%) | 2(6.30%) 15(46.90%) 15(46.90%) | ||
术中出血量(ml) | 216.56 ± 203.97 | 235.94 ± 189.33 | −0.394 | 0.695 |
术前其他指标 白细胞计数(×109/L) 中性粒细胞相对值(%) 淋巴细胞相对值(%) NLR 术前白蛋白(g/L) D2聚体(mg/l) CEA CA125 CA199 | 6.06 ± 1.74 57.29 ± 8.52 31.30 ± 7.79 2.04 ± 0.96 37.71 ± 3.53 0.54 ± 0.83 3.23 ± 4.10 12.33 ± 10.11 53.55 ± 138.81 | 5.87 ± 1.53 59.10 ± 8.65 29.01 ± 7.86 2.27 ± 0.97 37.85 ± 3.02 0.56 ± 0.54 6.61 ± 18.63 12.79 ± 5.06 73.79 ± 197.47 | 0.458 −0.846 1.168 −0.926 −0.168 −0.120 −1.002 −0.233 −0.474 | 0.648 0.401 0.247 0.358 0.867 0.905 0.324 0.817 0.637 |
表2. 匹配后两组患者基本临床资料的比较
注释:BMI:身体质量指数;NLR:白细胞/中细粒细胞绝对值。
3) 分析匹配后非吻合口瘘组与吻合口瘘组术后第1、3、5、7天的NLR、PCT之间是否存在统计学差异,结果如“表3”所示。
变量 | 非吻合口瘘组(n = 32) | 吻合口瘘组(n = 32) | t检验 | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
PCT | ||||
Day1 (ng/ml) Day3 (ng/ml) Day5 (ng/ml) Day7 (ng/ml) | 1.38 ± 1.08 1.02 ± 1.90 0.39 ± 0.28 0.50 ± 0.66 | 2.03 ± 2.29 2.07 ± 1.35 1.19 ± 0.88 1.10 ± 1.46 | −1.442 −2.544 −4.885 −2.126 | 0.156 0.013* 0.000* 0.039* |
NLR | ||||
Day1 Day3 Day5 Day7 | 14.09 ± 7.06 12.77 ± 7.86 6.26 ± 2.09 5.03 ± 2.41 | 16.70 ± 7.96 17.34 ± 15.51 12.29 ± 7.34 9.26 ± 6.55 | −1.390 −1.485 −4.476 −3.432 | 0.170 0.144 0.000* 0.001* |
表3. 两组患者术后不同时间段PCT、NLR的比较
注释:PCT:降钙素原;NLR:白细胞/中细粒细胞绝对值;*表示P < 0.05。
4) 应用ROC曲线分析术后第3、5、7天PCT、NLR及二者联合检测效能,计算相关指标。结果如“表4”、“图2”所示。
图2. 术后第3、5、7天PCT、NLR及二者联合检测对胃癌术后发生AL预测能力的ROC曲线分析
检验结果变量 | AUC | AUC 95% CI | 截断值 | 约登指数 | 灵敏度(%) | 特异度(%) | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PCT | |||||||
Day3 | 0.804 | 0.690~0.918 | 1.725 | 0.563 | 0.594 | 0.969 | 0.000* |
Day5 | 0.844 | 0.750~0.938 | 0.734 | 0.562 | 0.625 | 0.937 | 0.000* |
Day7 | 0.749 | 0.623~0.875 | 0.330 | 0.500 | 0.750 | 0.750 | 0.001* |
NLR | |||||||
Day3 | 0.560 | 0.415~0.704 | 8.330 | 0.250 | 0.875 | 0.375 | 0.413 |
Day5 | 0.803 | 0.695~0.910 | 6.490 | 0.500 | 0.813 | 0.687 | 0.000* |
Day7 | 0.735 | 0.612~0.859 | 6.290 | 0.469 | 0.688 | 0.781 | 0.001* |
PCT + NLR联合 | |||||||
Day3 | 0.796 | 0.683~0.908 | 0.421 | 0.500 | 0.813 | 0.687 | 0.000* |
Day5 | 0.913 | 0.841~0.986 | 0.364 | 0.750 | 0.875 | 0.875 | 0.000* |
Day7 | 0.759 | 0.642~0.876 | 0.577 | 0.438 | 0.594 | 0.844 | 0.000* |
表4. ROC曲线下术后不同时间点PCT、NLR及二者联合预测AL的价值
注释:PCT:降钙素原;NLR:白细胞/中细粒细胞绝对值;AUC:ROC曲线下的面积;*表示P < 0.05。
1) 根据“图1”流程最终共计纳入135例病例,包括未发生吻合口瘘93例;发生吻合口瘘42例;对两组病例一般临床资料进行单因素分析,发现术前年龄、BMI、既往有糖尿病病史这3个因素假设检验P < 0.05,差异有统计学意义,可能为吻合口瘘发生的影响因素。为了提高组间可比性,控制偏倚,采用PSM按照1:1的匹配比例和0.02的卡钳值进行PSM匹配,共计匹配成功64例病例,包括非吻合口瘘组及吻合口瘘组病例各32例,其中男性患者52例,占81.3%;女性患者12例,占18.7%;年龄为45~82岁,平均(64.58 ± 7.77)岁。再次对64例病例进行临床资料单因素分析,使其均达到协变量均衡。匹配后两组病例基本临床资料假设检验如“表2”,吻合口瘘组与非吻合口瘘组基本临床资料无统计学差异(P > 0.05)。
2) 非吻合口瘘组与吻合口瘘组术后第1、3、5、7天相关炎性指标变化
由“表3”可见,非吻合口瘘组与吻合口瘘组患者PCT在胃癌术后第1天达到峰值,分别为1.38 ± 1.08 ng/ml,2.03 ± 2.29 ng/ml,但差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);术后第3天(t = −2.544, P = 0.013)、第5天(t = −4.885, P < 0.01)、第7天(t = −2.126, P = 0.039)吻合口瘘组PCT数值显著高于非吻合口瘘组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。NLR在胃癌术后第5天(t = −4.476, P < 0.01)、第7天(t = −3.432, P < 0.01)吻合口瘘组数值高于非吻合口瘘组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。针对以上差异,采用ROC曲线将炎性指标PCT与NLR联合检测,绘制受试者工作特征曲线图,具体如下表4、图2。
3) 胃癌术后第3、5、7天PCT及NLR单独及二者联合检测对胃癌术后患者发生AL预测能力的ROC曲线分析结果显示:PCT在术后第3、5、7天预测吻合口瘘AUC分别为0.804、0.844、0.749,约登指数分别为:0.563、0.562、0.500;NLR值在术后第5、7天AUC分别为0.803、0.735,具体灵敏度与特异度见“表4”;如“图2”所示,术后PCT与NLR联合检测时,第5天AUC面积最大,为0.913,约登指数为0.75,灵敏度与特异度均为87.5%,P < 0.05,差异有统计学意义。
胃癌在全球发病率中排列第五位 [
PCT作为一种新的感染相关生物标志物,目前已广泛应用于国内外炎症感染指标预测 [
大量研究表明,正常状态下,中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞反应全身炎症与免疫系统之间的相对平衡关系 [
基于PCT的敏感性、特异性及早期性,但其易受其他相关因素的影响,而NLR单独对胃癌术后AL早期预测的稳定性及延迟性,我们将上述标志物进行联合检测行ROC曲线分析,结果表明,术后第5天PCT联合NLR的AUC最大,为0.913 (95% CI 0.841~0.986, P < 0.005),约登指数为0.75,灵敏度为87.5%,特异度为87.5%,截断值为0.364,差异有统计学意义,说明术后第5天PCT联合NLR对早期预测胃癌术后吻合口瘘的价值优于PCT或NLR单独检测;当二者联合数值大于0.364时,警惕AL的发生,必要时采取措施,避免病情进一步加重,最大程度减少胃癌术后AL带来的不良后果。目前临床上诊断AL缺乏特异性的标志物,关于AL的诊断标准,大多是基于患者的临床症状及体征进行综合判断,具有较强的主观性,而影像学检查价格昂贵,可重复性较低。本研究表明PCT、NLR及二者联合对胃癌术后AL的发生具有预测价值,且具有操作方便、结果客观、可重复进行检验、经济实用等特征,有望成为早期预测胃癌术后AL发生的一项预测指标。
本研究通过回顾性研究发现术前低白蛋白、既往糖尿病病史及BMI异常可能是胃癌术后吻合口瘘的危险因素,这与Bracale U [
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(项目编号:2021BEG03085)
秦静静,张 曹,柳涛涛,李 昊. 降钙素原、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值及二者联合对预测胃癌术后吻合口瘘的价值The Value of Procalcitonin, Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Combination in Prediction of Anastomotic Leakage after Gastric Cancer Surgery[J]. 外科, 2024, 13(02): 9-18. https://doi.org/10.12677/hjs.2024.132002
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