目的:应用全息血管硬度分析技术(R-VQS)评价2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者颈总动脉弹性的变化及其与糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)的相关性。方法:选取2023年2月至2024年1月于我院内分泌科住院的T2DM患者61例,按照HbA1c水平分为HbA1c < 7%控制良好组30例及HbA1c ≥ 7%控制不良组31例;选取同期34名健康体检者为正常对照组(NC)。应用R-VQS技术测量颈总动脉收缩期管径(Diam)、管径变化值(Dist)、脉搏波传导速度(PWV)和硬度系数(HC),分析各组颈总动脉各弹性参数的改变及其与HbA1c的相关性。结果:与NC组相比,HbA1c < 7%控制良好组的Diam、Dist、PWV和HC值均差异不显著(P > 0.05);HbA1c ≥ 7%控制不良组的Diam、Dist差异不显著(P > 0.05),而PWV、HC显著升高(P < 0.05)。与HbA1c < 7%控制良好组相比,HbA1c ≥ 7%控制不良组的Diam、Dist差异不显著(P > 0.05),PWV、HC同样显著升高(P < 0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,HbA1c与PWV、HC呈正相关(P < 0.01)。结论:T2DM血糖控制不良患者,颈总动脉PWV、HC升高,说明其颈总动脉弹性受损,血管硬度增加。 Objective: To evaluate the changes of carotid artery elasticity in type 2 diabetic subjects with poor glucose control and its correlation with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Methods: A total of 61 pa-tients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 34 control subjects were recruited in this study. The T2DM group was further divided into HbA1c < 7% group and HbA1c ≥ 7% group according to the HbA1c level. The diameter, distance, pulse wave velocity and hardness coefficient of common carotid artery systole were evaluated by R-VQS. The correlation between carotid artery elasticity and HbA1c was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results: Diam, Dist, PWV, HC had no significant difference in HbA1c < 7% group compared with control group (P > 0.05). Diam, Dist had no significant differ-ence in HbA1c ≥ 7% group compared with control group (P > 0.05). PWV, HC increased in HbA1c ≥ 7% group compared with control group (P < 0.05). Diam, Dist had no significant difference in HbA1c ≥ 7% group compared with HbA1c < 7% group (P > 0.05). PWV, HC and HbA1c increased in HbA1c ≥ 7% group than in HbA1c < 7% (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that PWV and HC were positively correlated with HbA1c (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The increased PWV and HC in type 2 diabet-ic subjects with poor blood glucose control may indicate that the elasticity of CCA is impaired and the stiffness of blood vessel is increased.
目的:应用全息血管硬度分析技术(R-VQS)评价2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者颈总动脉弹性的变化及其与糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)的相关性。方法:选取2023年2月至2024年1月于我院内分泌科住院的T2DM患者61例,按照HbA1c水平分为HbA1c < 7%控制良好组30例及HbA1c ≥ 7%控制不良组31例;选取同期34名健康体检者为正常对照组(NC)。应用R-VQS技术测量颈总动脉收缩期管径(Diam)、管径变化值(Dist)、脉搏波传导速度(PWV)和硬度系数(HC),分析各组颈总动脉各弹性参数的改变及其与HbA1c的相关性。结果:与NC组相比,HbA1c < 7%控制良好组的Diam、Dist、PWV和HC值均差异不显著(P > 0.05);HbA1c ≥ 7%控制不良组的Diam、Dist差异不显著(P > 0.05),而PWV、HC显著升高(P < 0.05)。与HbA1c < 7%控制良好组相比,HbA1c ≥ 7%控制不良组的Diam、Dist差异不显著(P > 0.05),PWV、HC同样显著升高(P < 0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,HbA1c与PWV、HC呈正相关(P < 0.01)。结论:T2DM血糖控制不良患者,颈总动脉PWV、HC升高,说明其颈总动脉弹性受损,血管硬度增加。
全息血管硬度分析技术,2型糖尿病,糖化血红蛋白,颈总动脉,弹性
Wenlu Qi1,2, Lian Cheng2, Yan Yang2, Hui Liu3, Tingyue Qi2*
1Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou Jiangsu
2Department of Ultrasound, Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou Jiangsu
3Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou Jiangsu
Received: Jan. 29th, 2024; accepted: Mar. 18th, 2024; published: Mar. 25th, 2024
Objective: To evaluate the changes of carotid artery elasticity in type 2 diabetic subjects with poor glucose control and its correlation with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Methods: A total of 61 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 34 control subjects were recruited in this study. The T2DM group was further divided into HbA1c < 7% group and HbA1c ≥ 7% group according to the HbA1c level. The diameter, distance, pulse wave velocity and hardness coefficient of common carotid artery systole were evaluated by R-VQS. The correlation between carotid artery elasticity and HbA1c was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results: Diam, Dist, PWV, HC had no significant difference in HbA1c < 7% group compared with control group (P > 0.05). Diam, Dist had no significant difference in HbA1c ≥ 7% group compared with control group (P > 0.05). PWV, HC increased in HbA1c ≥ 7% group compared with control group (P < 0.05). Diam, Dist had no significant difference in HbA1c ≥ 7% group compared with HbA1c < 7% group (P > 0.05). PWV, HC and HbA1c increased in HbA1c ≥ 7% group than in HbA1c < 7% (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that PWV and HC were positively correlated with HbA1c (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The increased PWV and HC in type 2 diabetic subjects with poor blood glucose control may indicate that the elasticity of CCA is impaired and the stiffness of blood vessel is increased.
Keywords:Radio Frequency-Data Based Quantitative Analysis on Vessel Stiffness, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Glycated Hemoglobin, Common Carotid Artery, Elasticity
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据国际糖尿病联合会(IDF)统计,2019年全球糖尿病患病率为9.3%,仍有50.1%的糖尿病患者尚未确诊 [
选取2023年2月至2024年1月于我院内分泌科住院的T2DM患者61例(T2DM组),均符合中国2型糖尿病防治指南(2020年版)诊断标准 [
通过住院患者信息系统收集研究对象的性别、年龄、身高、体重、BMI、吸烟史、高血压病史、糖尿病病程。受检者检查当日清晨空腹抽取静脉血,检测血糖指标,包括空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose, FPG)、HbA1c和血脂指标,包括总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C)。超声检查开始前,嘱受检者静息10 min后,取端坐位,用电子血压计测量右上肢收缩压(systolic blood pressure, SBP)及舒张压(diastolic blood pressure, DBP)。
图1. 技术测量右侧颈总动脉IMT为0.89 mm (绿线为测量线)
采用频率3.8~11.8 MHz,L11-3U型高频线阵探头,配置全息血管内–中膜厚度测量(real-time intima-media thickness, RIMT)和R-VQS软件的Mindray Eagus R9或Mindray Nuewa R9S彩色多谱勒超声诊断仪进行检查。
受检者取平卧位,于颈后垫薄枕,同步连接心电图,录入右上肢血压。检查右侧颈部血管,头偏向左侧,充分暴露颈部血管,依次扫查颈总动脉、颈动脉分叉处、颈内动脉及颈外动脉,确认无斑块形成。嘱受检者平静呼吸,纵切扫查,避开颈内静脉,使声束垂直于颈总动脉前后壁,清晰显示内–中膜后,启动RIMT测量软件,将取样框中的测量点置于颈总动脉分叉处下方1~2 cm处,连续6个心动周期内–中膜厚度值稳定后冻结图像,获得每个心动周期的IMT最大值及整体平均值,见图1。启动R-VQS测量软件,采用同样操作方法,连续测量6个心动周期颈总动脉收缩期管径(diameter, Diam)和管径变化值(distance, Dist)并得出平均值,确认测量结果后,系统自动计算脉搏波传导速度(pulse wave velocity, PWV)和硬度系数(hardness coefficient, HC),见图2。
图2. R-VQS技术测量右侧颈总动脉
多组间数据比较采用SPSS (26.0)软件单因素方差(One-Way ANOVA)模块进行分析,数据以平均数 ±标准差(Mean ± SD)表示,事后两组间比较采用LSD法。采用Pearson相关性分析颈总动脉弹性指标(PWV、HC)与HbA1c的关系。P < 0.05表示具有统计学差异。
各组间年龄、BMI、DBP、TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C的差异不显著(P > 0.05)。而HbA1c ≥ 7%组的HbA1c、SBP、PP和FPG显著高于NC组和HbA1c < 7%组(P < 0.05),见表1。
各组间IMT、Diam和Dist差异不显著(P > 0.05)。HbA1c ≥ 7%组的PWV、HC显著高于NC组和HbA1c < 7%组(P < 0.05),见表2。
NC (n = 34) | HbA1c < 7% (n = 30) | HbA1c ≥ 7% (n = 31) | P值 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
年龄(岁) BMI SBP (mmHg) | 50.5 ± 12.32 23.66 ± 3.02 119.97 ± 9.20 | 49.83 ± 11.28 24.89 ± 2.95 121.53 ± 6.27 | 51.58 ± 10.11 24.14 ± 4.19 127.48 ± 8.99※▵ | 0.832 0.360 0.001 |
DBP (mmHg) | 77.12 ± 12.38 | 78.47 ± 8.54 | 78.32 ± 11.74 | 0.864 |
PP (mmHg) | 42.85 ± 9.37 | 43.07 ± 6.88 | 49.16 ± 9.49※,Δ | 0.007 |
FPG (mmol/L) | 5.39 ± 1.09 | 5.77 ± 1.28 | 10.60 ± 1.85※,Δ | <0.001 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.26 ± 0.23 | 6.24 ± 0.34 | 9.77 ± 0.44※,Δ | <0.001 |
TC (mmol/L) | 4.62 ± 1.09 | 4.36 ± 1.01 | 4.51 ± 1.30 | 0.653 |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.57 ± 1.25 | 1.42 ± 1.43 | 1.67 ± 1.31 | 0.766 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.29 ± 0.67 | 2.23 ± 0.60 | 2.17 ± 0.85 | 0.786 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.21 ± 0.31 | 1.16 ± 0,28 | 1.14 ± 0.39 | 0.685 |
表1. 各组间一般资料和生化指标比较( x ¯ ± s )
注:与NC组相比,※表示P < 0.05;与HbA1c < 7%组相比,▵表示P < 0.05。
NC (n = 34) | HbA1c < 7% (n = 30) | HbA1c ≥ 7% (n = 31) | P值 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
IMT (mm) | 0.71 ± 0.15 | 0.69 ± 0.10 | 0.71 ± 0.12 | 0.756 |
Diam (mm) | 6.70 ± 0.61 | 6.87 ± 0.80 | 6.82 ± 0.86 | 0.639 |
Dist (mm) | 0.35 ± 0.06 | 0.35 ± 0.07 | 0.33 ± 0.07 | 0.267 |
PWV (m/s) | 6.47 ± 1.95 | 5.71 ± 1.76 | 8.46 ± 2.11※,Δ | <0.001 |
HC | 3.94 ± 2.09 | 3.66 ± 2.26 | 5.84 ± 2.11※,Δ | <0.001 |
表2. 各组颈总动脉弹性参数比较( x ¯ ± s )
注:与NC组相比,※表示P < 0.05;与HbA1c < 7%组相比,Δ表示P < 0.05。
Pearson相关性分析结果显示,HbA1c与PWV、HC呈显著正相关(P < 0.01),见表3。
PWV | HC | |
---|---|---|
HbA1c | ||
r | 0.43 | 0.38 |
P | <0.01 | <0.01 |
表3. 颈总动脉弹性指标(PWV、HC)与HbA1c的相关性分析(r)
T2DM是一种全身性的代谢性疾病,主要表现为胰岛β细胞功能缺陷导致的胰岛素分泌相对减少,以及胰岛素调节葡萄糖代谢能力的减弱 [
由于颈动脉位置表浅易暴露、管壁层次清晰,可作为全身动脉检查的窗口,因此在临床实践中,颈动脉内–中膜增厚、斑块形成、斑块致血管狭窄或闭塞常作为评估AS的重要指标,但这是对血管硬化后期的宏观观察,此时治疗效果差,且无法逆转。而RIMT和R-VQS是基于射频数据处理和血管壁实时描迹来测量颈动脉IMT、Diam、Dist并获得PWV、HC值,定量及精确地检测血管弹性的变化,重复性亦好 [
本研究结果显示病程小于10年,且血糖控制良好的糖尿病患者,其颈总动脉弹性功能变化未受到显著影响;而血糖管理不佳的患者,即使无内–中膜增厚及斑块形成,但其颈总动脉弹性功能仍显著降低。同时,本研究发现患者颈总动脉弹性指标PWV、HC与HbA1c呈显著正相关,说明T2DM患者长期血糖控制不良,是引起颈总动脉硬化的重要危险因素。当HbA1c水平上升时,它会导致血管内脂质的沉积,并激活体内的凝血因子如FXI等 [
李朝军等 [
本研究的局限性为单中心、小样本,未对性别、年龄、糖尿病病程进行分层讨论,尚需多中心、大样本量进行验证。
综上所述,R-VQS检测技术可以用于评估糖尿病患者颈总动脉弹性的变化,且相较于其他检测技术具有高效性、便捷性等优势,对于临床检测,指导调整糖尿病患者用药,预防大血管、微血管并发症的发生,具有重要意义。
2022年度扬州市社会发展指导性项目(YZ2022104)。
戚文璐,程 莲,杨 艳,刘 慧,戚庭月. 全息血管硬度分析技术评价2型糖尿病患者颈总动脉弹性改变的价值Value of RF-Data Based Quantitative Analysis on Vessel Stiffness in Evaluating Common Carotid Artery Elasticity Changes of Type 2 Diabetic Subjects[J]. 医学诊断, 2024, 14(01): 112-118. https://doi.org/10.12677/MD.2024.141016
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