TCM Traditional Chinese Medicine 2166-6067 Scientific Research Publishing 10.12677/TCM.2024.133064 TCM-82866 TCM20240300000_29429488.pdf 医药卫生 罗志娟教授治疗原发性痛经经验浅析 Analysis of Professor Luo Zhijuan’s Experience in Treating Primary Dysmenorrhea 亚兰 1 * 志娟 3 2 媛媛 3 2 思扬 4 1 2 琳瑜 4 1 2 佳琪 4 1 2 维庆 4 1 2 广西中医药大学研究生院,广西 南宁 西中医药大学研究生院,广西 南宁 广西中医药大学附属瑞康医院,广西 南宁 null 11 03 2024 13 03 408 412 © Copyright 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. 2014 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

此文章介绍广西名中医罗志娟教授治疗原发性痛经。痛经是妇科的常见病和多发病,周期性的下腹部疼痛很大程度上降低了女性的生活质量。罗教授认为原发性痛经临床上多见于本虚标实之证,肝脾肾亏虚为本,瘀血阻滞为标。认为主要病因在于血瘀,同时重视肝、脾、肾三脏的调理,强调经前期及行经期以疏肝理气、活血化瘀为主,经后期以滋补肝肾、调和气血为主。罗教授治疗原发性痛经常予自拟方桂罗氏调4号方为主方随证加减,同时配合中医外治特色疗法协助调理脏腑功能,进而达到活血化瘀,调经止痛的作用。 This article introduces the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea by Luo Zhijuan, a famous TCM pro-fessor in Guangxi. Dysmenorrhea is a common and frequently-occurring disease in gynecology, pe-riodic lower abdominal pain significantly reduces a woman’s quality of life. Professor Luo believes that primary dysmenorrhea is more common clinically in the syndrome of primary deficiency and deficiency, liver, spleen and kidney deficiency is the foundation, stasis block as a sign. The main cause is qi blood stasis, and at the same time pay attention to the kidney, liver, spleen three viscera conditioning, it is emphasized that in the early menstrual period and the behavior period, the main purpose is to relax the liver and regulate the qi, promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis. In the later period of menstruation, it is mainly to nourish liver and kidney and harmonize qi and blood. In the treatment of primary pain, Professor Luo Zhijuan often gives the self-prepared pre-scription Gui Luo Tiao 4 as the main prescription, at the same time with traditional Chinese medi-cine external treatment characteristic therapy to help regulate the function of viscera, then it can achieve the function of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, regulating menstru-ation and relieving pain.

罗志娟教授治疗原发性痛经经验浅析, Primary Dysmenorrhea Guangxi Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Professor Luo Zhijuan Ex-perience
摘要

此文章介绍广西名中医罗志娟教授治疗原发性痛经。痛经是妇科的常见病和多发病,周期性的下腹部疼痛很大程度上降低了女性的生活质量。罗教授认为原发性痛经临床上多见于本虚标实之证,肝脾肾亏虚为本,瘀血阻滞为标。认为主要病因在于血瘀,同时重视肝、脾、肾三脏的调理,强调经前期及行经期以疏肝理气、活血化瘀为主,经后期以滋补肝肾、调和气血为主。罗教授治疗原发性痛经常予自拟方桂罗氏调4号方为主方随证加减,同时配合中医外治特色疗法协助调理脏腑功能,进而达到活血化瘀,调经止痛的作用。

关键词

原发性痛经,广西名中医,罗志娟教授,经验

Analysis of Professor Luo Zhijuan’s Experience in Treating Primary Dysmenorrhea<sup> </sup>

Yalan Peng1, Zhijuan Luo2*, Yuanyuan Wu2, Siyang Chen1, Linyu Qin1, Jiaqi Liang1, Weiqing Zeng1

1Graduate School of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning Guangxi

2Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning Guangxi

Received: Jan. 25th, 2024; accepted: Mar. 11th, 2024; published: Mar. 20th, 2024

ABSTRACT

This article introduces the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea by Luo Zhijuan, a famous TCM professor in Guangxi. Dysmenorrhea is a common and frequently-occurring disease in gynecology, periodic lower abdominal pain significantly reduces a woman’s quality of life. Professor Luo believes that primary dysmenorrhea is more common clinically in the syndrome of primary deficiency and deficiency, liver, spleen and kidney deficiency is the foundation, stasis block as a sign. The main cause is qi blood stasis, and at the same time pay attention to the kidney, liver, spleen three viscera conditioning, it is emphasized that in the early menstrual period and the behavior period, the main purpose is to relax the liver and regulate the qi, promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis. In the later period of menstruation, it is mainly to nourish liver and kidney and harmonize qi and blood. In the treatment of primary pain, Professor Luo Zhijuan often gives the self-prepared prescription Gui Luo Tiao 4 as the main prescription, at the same time with traditional Chinese medicine external treatment characteristic therapy to help regulate the function of viscera, then it can achieve the function of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, regulating menstruation and relieving pain.

Keywords:Primary Dysmenorrhea, Guangxi Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine, Professor Luo Zhijuan, Experience

Copyright © 2024 by author(s) and beplay安卓登录

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

1. 引言

痛经是指妇女正值经期或经行前后,出现周期性小腹疼痛,或伴腰骶酸痛,甚至剧痛晕厥,影响正常工作及生活的疾病 [ 1 ] ,也称为“经行腹痛”。多见于青春期少女或未生育的年轻女性 [ 2 ] ,除腹痛之外,通常伴有乏力、腹泻、头痛、头晕、恶心、呕吐等症状。在临床上痛经分为原发性痛经和继发性痛经,原发性痛经亦称为功能性痛经,是指无明显器质性病变的痛经。继发性痛经则常见于育龄期妇女,多由盆腔器质性疾病如子宫内膜异位症、子宫腺肌症、盆腔炎或宫颈狭窄等引起,其中以原发性痛经较为常见。经调查显示,在青少年中,原发性痛经的发生率在16%至93%之间,其中,2%至29%的女性感到剧烈疼痛 [ 3 ] 。其发病机制是子宫内膜前列腺素F2a (pgf2a)和前列腺素E2 (pGE2)的分泌增加,引起子宫过度收缩,导致子宫肌肉缺血、缺氧,进而引起疼痛 [ 4 ] [ 5 ] 。西医治疗原发性痛经 [ 6 ] 通过予镇痛、解痉等药物,机理是通过抑制前列腺素的产生和释放来减轻疼痛,在一定程度上缓解了疼痛,但没有从根本上得到治疗,而且长期使用此类药物会引起头晕、嗜睡、恶心、呕吐、消化道出血等副作用,且会对此药产生依赖性。然而中医治疗本病有一定的优势,它是根据患者的体质来辨证用药,不仅治疗效果显著,而且副作用少,复发率低,远期疗效佳。罗教授汲取历代医家学术观点及多年临床经验,认为本病多为本虚标实之证。经行前后冲任二脉气血生理变化急骤,感受邪气等因素而导致胞宫气血运行不畅或胞宫失于濡养,进而导致“不通则痛,不荣则痛”。然而临床诊疗中发现以气滞血瘀型痛经最为多见,本文介绍罗教授运用自拟方桂罗氏调4号方加减治疗气滞血瘀型痛经经验。

罗志娟教授是广西名中医,二级教授,硕士研究生导师,从事妇产科临床医疗、教学、科研工作40年,具有丰厚的中医底蕴、丰富的临床经验和娴熟的临床技能,善于运用中医理论和中药结合治疗痛经、月经不调、不孕症、卵巢早衰等妇科疾病。本人有幸随师出诊,现将其治疗痛经的经验总结如下。

2. 病因病机

中医古籍中关于“痛经”的描述有“经来腹痛”、“月水来腹痛”、“气逆作痛”、“经行腹痛”、“妇人经期”等。关于痛经的最早记载见于东汉末年,张仲景所著的《金匿要略·妇人杂病脉证并治》,虽然没有具体病名,但已有“带下,经水不利……经一月再见” [ 7 ] ,明确了瘀血阻滞而致经行不畅,少腹胀痛,周期性发作的特点。其中《景岳全书·妇人规》曰“经行腹痛,证有虚实。实者,或因寒滞,或因血滞,或因气滞,或因热滞;虚者,有因血虚,有因气虚”,这里明确指出了痛经有虚实之分,即不通则痛,不荣则痛。宋·陈自明曾指出“忧思气郁而滞”,素性抑郁,或伤于情志,肝气怫郁,则导致肝失于疏泄,气行受阻,而经水为血所化,气为血之帅,气机失宣,血不得随气而疏泄,则冲任经脉不利,血聚而成瘀,瘀阻胞宫,经血聚而不行,不通则痛,发为痛经。此处表明痛经与情志关系密切。《傅青主女科》指出“经水出诸肾”,胞宫为月经产生场所,只有肾气充盛,冲任胞宫周期性生理变化才能和畅调达,经血才能按时满溢。所以说,肾在月经产生过程中起主导作用。肾藏精,主生殖,为冲任之本,天癸之源,邪气存内或精血亏虚,加上经行前后冲任气血的变化,导致胞宫气血运行不畅或胞宫失于濡养,发为痛经,表明痛经发生与肾密切相关。

3. 临证心法 3.1. 化瘀为要,以通止痛

瘀血为痛经的病理产物,临床上以气滞血瘀型痛经较为常见,治疗上根据“急则治其标,缓则治其本”的原则,行经期疏肝理气、补肾活血以治其标。此期胞宫泻而不藏,经血顺势而下,呈现“重阳转阴”的特点,治宜活血调经促经血排出,以通为用,罗教授常予自拟方桂罗氏调4号方 [ 8 ] 加减(桃仁、红花、川芎、当归、牛膝、路路通、王不留行等)。临证加减:如伴有肢冷畏寒、小腹冷痛者,加小茴香、肉桂温经散寒;经前或经期小腹、乳房胀痛者加香附、郁金、柴胡疏肝解郁;痛经甚者加三棱、莪术。

3.2. 补肾疏肝,调和气血

经后期为阴长期,此时血海空虚,胞宫藏而不泻,处于从亏虚逐渐变为充盈的过程,为“阴长”的阶段,最终呈现出“重阴”的特征,此期治宜滋补肝肾,促进子宫内膜的修复。罗教授予毓麟珠加减,相关研究 [ 9 ] 表明,毓麟珠可改善子宫内膜微环境,从而达到改善子宫内膜容受性的目的。临证加减:如气血亏虚者加黄芪、大枣;脾胃亏虚者加山药;肾阳不足者加淫羊藿、巴戟天等。

4. 佐以外治

罗教授在临床上善用中药塌渍外敷于下腹正中,塌渍是罗教授自拟方(川芎、赤芍、红花、延胡索、香附等),用蜂蜜调成糊状,涂抹于无菌纱布上,然后将涂有药物的那面无菌纱布直接外敷至小腹正中,使药物通过皮肤吸收,且配合TDP神灯照射20分钟左右,起到活血化瘀,行气止痛的作用。该药物 [ 10 ] 是免煎颗粒,有便捷、安全性高的特点,在治疗痛经上亦发挥着重要作用。此治疗于每月月经前3天开始,治疗7天,连续治疗3个月经周期。

5. 验案举隅

张某,女,34岁,2023年4月20日初诊。主诉:痛经20年,月经过少伴月经推后半年余。12岁月经初潮,平素月经规律,近半年来出现月经周期延长约39~70天,2023年1月15日因停经60天于外院就诊,予口服黄体酮胶囊,共治疗3个疗程,服药期间月经如期而至。末次月经为2023年3月29日,月经量较既往少1/4,色红,有血块,伴痛经,伴经前乳房胀痛。平素易怒,易疲劳,纳差,夜寐欠佳,大小便正常。2023年1月份外院盆超提示子宫内膜0.7 cm,子宫肌瘤稍低回声区(考虑子宫肌瘤,大小约2.4 × 1.8 cm);双侧卵巢多囊样改变。外院2023-03-31周期第3天性激素六项提示FSH:4.35 IU/L,LH:4.13 mIU/mL,PRL:16.15 ng/mL,E2:27 ng/mL,P:0.20 ng/mL,T:46.63 ng/dL。中医诊断:1) 痛经;2) 月经后期;3) 月经过少。西医诊断:1) 痛经;2) 多囊卵巢综合征;3) 子宫肌瘤。舌质稍红,苔薄,脉细弦,证属痰湿兼气滞,诊断为气滞血瘀型痛经,予中药8剂,方选逍遥散合二陈汤加减。(柴胡10 g,当归10 g,白芍10 g,白术10 g,甘草6 g,薄荷6 g,茯苓15 g,法半夏12 g,三棱15 g,莪术15 g,威灵仙6 g,每日1剂,水煎服,分早晚2次温服)。

2023年04月28日(二诊):lmp 3.29 × 6天,量可,色鲜红,有血块,痛经、经前乳房胀痛较前缓解,近日易疲惫,纳可,寐欠佳,二便调。舌质暗红,苔薄,脉细。辅助检查(2023-04-28本院) AMH:8.62 ng/mL,CA125:18.4 U/mL,血脂:低密度脂蛋白胆固醇:3.58 mmol/L,空腹血糖:4.65 mmol/L,空腹胰岛素:12.5 mmol/L,IR:2.58。予中药10剂,方选桂罗氏调4号方加减。(当归10 g,桃仁10 g,川芎10 g,牛膝6 g,红花10 g,枳壳10 g,柴胡10 g,泽兰15 g,甘草6 g,三棱15 g,莪术15 g,益母草10 g,首乌藤15 g,每日1剂,水煎服,分早晚2次温服)。此周期配合中药塌渍外敷于下腹正中,共7剂。

2023年05月09日(三诊):lmp 5.1 × 5天,此次月经按时来潮,量较前增多(恢复至正常月经量),色鲜红,有血块,无痛经,无腰酸,无经前乳房胀痛,伴口干欲饮,疲惫感较前缓解,纳可,夜寐欠佳,二便调。舌质暗红,苔薄,脉细。治以补肾滋阴,予中药10剂,方选毓麟珠加减。(川芎10 g,当归12 g,白芍10,熟地黄12 g,党参片30 g,白术10 g,茯苓10 g,甘草6 g,菟丝子30 g,鹿角霜10 g,杜仲10 g,每日1剂,水煎服,分早晚2次温服)。

2023年05月16日(四诊):lmp 5.1 × 5天,患者诉口干欲饮较前缓解,余无特殊不适,纳可,寐欠佳,二便调。予上药继续巩固一周。(川芎10 g,当归12 g,白芍10 g,熟地黄12 g,党参片30 g,白术10 g,茯苓10 g,甘草6 g,菟丝子30 g,鹿角霜10 g,杜仲10 g每日1剂,水煎服,分早晚2次温服)。

随诊:患者坚持服用中药三个周期后随访,月经如期来潮,月经量恢复正常,无经前乳房胀痛,经期再无痛经。

按:本例患者平素易怒,经前有乳房胀痛,怒则伤肝,肝郁则气滞,气滞则血瘀,邪气阻滞,血海不能按时满溢,遂致月经后期。经前期、经期气血不能下注冲任,胞脉气血运行不畅而致经行腹痛,根据辅助检查排除器质性导致的痛经,诊断为原发性痛经。患者平素易劳倦,饮食欠佳,损伤脾气,脾胃为气血生化之源,脾虚则化源不足,故致月经量少。一诊时患者处于经前期,根据患者就诊时症状及舌苔脉,予逍遥散合二陈汤加减,逍遥散疏肝解郁,二陈汤理气和中,其中加入三棱、莪术破血行气,威灵仙通络止痛,为月经来潮提供条件。二诊时患者月经即将来潮,根据急则治其标的原则,罗教授认为应以通为用,治宜活血调经,促经血排出。三诊时患者处于经后期,月经来潮之后,胞脉、血海空虚,胞宫藏而不泻,冲任二脉虚少,此期治宜补肾填精,滋阴养血。

6. 结语

痛经的病机主要是不通则痛,不荣则痛,瘀血为主要病理产物。西医治疗此病局限于治标且副作用大、复发率高 [ 11 ] 。中医药治疗痛经有着自己独特的优势,且疗效确切。此外,罗教授强调在治疗时应调整患者情绪,且强调应注意调节规律的月经周期,顺应阴阳气血的变化规律,掌握服药时间、疗程及生活的调摄,更好地做到急则治其标,缓其治其本。

基金项目

广西壮族自治区中医药民族医药事业传承与发展专项资金项目([ 2023 ]1):罗志娟广西名中医传承工作室建设项目。

文章引用

彭亚兰,罗志娟,吴媛媛,陈思扬,覃琳瑜,梁佳琪,曾维庆. 罗志娟教授治疗原发性痛经经验浅析Analysis of Professor Luo Zhijuan’s Experience in Treating Primary Dysmenorrhea[J]. 中医学, 2024, 13(03): 408-412. https://doi.org/10.12677/TCM.2024.133064

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