目的:掌握南通市通州区孕妇尿碘水平情况,探究检测过程中存在的问题,为孕妇补碘提供指导依据。方法:于2018~2023年间每年从全区随机抽取五个乡镇的孕妇采集尿样,按《WS/T107-2006尿中碘的砷铈催化分光光度测定法》检测尿中碘的含量,计算孕妇尿碘水平。结果:采集孕妇尿样603份,尿碘水平M(P25, P75)为108.60 (70.00, 153.40) μg/L,尿碘含量 < 150 μg/L、[150, 250) μg/L、[250, 500) μg/L、≥ 500μg/L的占比分别为73.96%、18.41%、6.97%、0.66%;不同年份尿碘分布构成差异有统计学意义(χ2= 78.627, P < 0.01),不同孕期孕妇尿碘浓度差异有统计学意义(χ2= 15.352, P < 0.05);结论:2018~2023年南通市通州区孕妇碘营养总体处于碘不足状态,需指导其科学增加饮食的碘营养摄入,提高其碘营养水平,保持在适宜水平。 Purpose: Grasp the urinary iodine level of pregnant women in Tongzhou District of Nantong city, ex-plore the problems existing in the testing process, and provide guidance for pregnant women to supplement iodine. Methods: From 2018 to 2023, urine samples were collected from pregnant women in five towns of iodine was detected according to the WS/T107-2006 Arseniccerium catalyt-ic spectrophotometric method for the determination of iodine in urine. Results: 603maternal urine samples were collected, urinary iodine level M (P25, P75) is 108.60 (70.00, 153.40) μg/L, The propor-tion of urinary iodine content < 150 μg/L, [150,250) μg/L, [250, 500) μg/L, ≥500 μg/L were 73.96%, 18.41%, 6.97% and 0.66%, respectively; the difference of urinary iodine distribution in different years (χ2= 78.627, P < 0.01), and urinary iodine concentration in different pregnant (χ2= 15.352, P < 0.05); conclusion: From 2018 to 2023, the iodine nutrition of pregnant women in Tongzhou Dis-trict of Nantong city is generally in a state of iodine deficiency, so it is necessary to guide them to scientifically increase the intake of dietary iodine nutrition, improve their iodine nutrition level, and keep it at an appropriate level.
目的:掌握南通市通州区孕妇尿碘水平情况,探究检测过程中存在的问题,为孕妇补碘提供指导依据。方法:于2018~2023年间每年从全区随机抽取五个乡镇的孕妇采集尿样,按《WS/T107-2006尿中碘的砷铈催化分光光度测定法》检测尿中碘的含量,计算孕妇尿碘水平。结果:采集孕妇尿样603份,尿碘水平M(P25, P75)为108.60 (70.00, 153.40) μg/L,尿碘含量 < 150 μg/L、[150, 250) μg/L、[250, 500) μg/L、≥ 500μg/L的占比分别为73.96%、18.41%、6.97%、0.66%;不同年份尿碘分布构成差异有统计学意义(χ2= 78.627, P < 0.01),不同孕期孕妇尿碘浓度差异有统计学意义(χ2= 15.352, P < 0.05);结论:2018~2023年南通市通州区孕妇碘营养总体处于碘不足状态,需指导其科学增加饮食的碘营养摄入,提高其碘营养水平,保持在适宜水平。
孕妇,尿碘,结果分析
Tianyi Chen1, Chunmei Yu1*, Qiannan Zhu2, Yinan He2, Panyang Liu3
1School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong Jiangsu
2Tongzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong Jiangsu
3Nantong City Environmental Protection Publicity and Education Center, Nantong Jiangsu
Received: Jan. 10th, 2024; accepted: Feb. 20th, 2024; published: Feb. 27th, 2024
Purpose: Grasp the urinary iodine level of pregnant women in Tongzhou District of Nantong city, explore the problems existing in the testing process, and provide guidance for pregnant women to supplement iodine. Methods: From 2018 to 2023, urine samples were collected from pregnant women in five towns of iodine was detected according to the WS/T107-2006 Arseniccerium catalytic spectrophotometric method for the determination of iodine in urine. Results: 603maternal urine samples were collected, urinary iodine level M (P25, P75) is 108.60 (70.00, 153.40) μg/L, The proportion of urinary iodine content < 150 μg/L, [150,250) μg/L, [250, 500) μg/L, ≥500 μg/L were 73.96%, 18.41%, 6.97% and 0.66%, respectively; the difference of urinary iodine distribution in different years (χ2= 78.627, P < 0.01), and urinary iodine concentration in different pregnant (χ2= 15.352, P < 0.05); conclusion: From 2018 to 2023, the iodine nutrition of pregnant women in Tongzhou District of Nantong city is generally in a state of iodine deficiency, so it is necessary to guide them to scientifically increase the intake of dietary iodine nutrition, improve their iodine nutrition level, and keep it at an appropriate level.
Keywords:Pregnant Women, Urinary Iodine, Result Analysis
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南通地处长江入海口,全市从1996年开始推行全民食用加点盐,2000年达到消除碘缺乏病阶段性目标 [
于2018~2023年六年间,每年分别从南通市通州区东、西、南、北、中不同方位抽取1个乡镇,每个乡镇各抽取20名孕妇进行碘营养调查,共调查603人。
采集孕妇晨尿5 ml,密封采样管−20℃保存。
参照WHO,UNICEF,ICCIDD推荐的人群碘营养状况评价标准:孕妇尿碘中位数 < 150 μg/L为碘不足、[150, 250) μg/L为碘适宜、[250, 500) μg/L为超过适宜量、≥500 μg/L为碘过量 [
AutoChem3300全自动尿碘分析仪;电热鼓风干燥箱;Finnpipette F2移液器(100~1000 uL);武汉众生生化技术有限公司生产的尿中碘的砷铈催化分光光度测定方法配套试剂盒(0~300 ug/L);冻干人尿中碘成分分析标准物质GBW09108x和GBW09110c,标准值分别为(80.8 ± 9.0) μg/L和(227 ± 15) μg/L。
手动加入样品后,仪器自动消化,过硫酸铵和水反应生成酸性过氧化氢,过氧化氢在高温条件下使尿中有机物氧化分解。同时,过硫酸铵在高温条件下分解产生原子态的氧,将尿中的有机物分解。在检测过程中,碘对砷铈氧化还原反应有催化作用,反应中黄色的Ce4+被还原成无色的Ce3+。碘含量越高,反应速度越快,所剩的Ce4+则越少,实验过程中需要严格控制反应时间和反应温度。仪器自动比色测定体系中剩余Ce4+的吸光度值,利用碘的质量浓度C与相应测得的吸光度值A之间的定量关系C = a + blgA计算出碘含量。
所做项目包括有:标准曲线、空白和标准样品的6平行试验。通过标准曲线的相关系数、标准样品的测定值和变异系数CV值、空白值、300 ug/L标准管的吸光度等来判断所购试剂盒是否合格、实验环境是否有污染、试管是否清洗干净无污染等。
当相关系数r ≥ 0.999、标准样品测定值在标准值范围内、6平行标准样品的CV ≤ 5%时,检测环境、仪器设备、试剂盒等符合实验要求,可进行正式实验。
按《WS/T107-2006尿中碘的砷铈催化分光光度法》测定尿碘含量。
符合正态分布且方差齐的计量资料用( x ¯ ± s )描述;非正态分布的计量资料采用中位数及四分位间距M(P25, P75)描述,计数资料用[n(%)]描述,组间比较采用χ2检验分析,所有统计分析采用SPSS22软件完成,以P < 0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
按照仪器工作条件测定标准溶液系列,以碘的质量浓度C(μg/L)为X横坐标,吸光度值A的对数值为Y纵坐标绘制曲线,获得标准曲线线性范围在0~300 μg/L以内,线性回归方程为X = −428.5592Y + 128.0248,相关系数为0.9999,见图1。 [
2018~2023年全区共检测孕妇尿样603份,尿碘水平M(P25, P75)为108.60 (70.00, 153.40) μg/L,低于正常水平(150 μg/L),碘营养摄入不足占73.96%,碘适宜占18.41%,超过适宜量占6.97%,碘过量占0.66%。每年均以碘不足状况占比最多,尿碘水平中位数除2019 年为152.25 μg/L,其他年份均 < 150 μg/L。不同年份孕妇尿碘分布差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 78.627, P < 0.01),见表1。
图1. 尿碘检测的标准曲线
年份 | 检测数n | 尿碘水平 | 尿碘分布[n(%)] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M(P25, P75) μg/L | <150 μg/L | [150, 250) μg/L | [250, 500) μg/L | ≥500 μg/L | ||
2018 | 102 | 88.25 (66.49, 123.49) | 90 (88.24) | 9 (8.82) | 3 (2.94) | 0 (0.00) |
2019 | 100 | 152.25 (98.10, 204.72) | 48 (48.00) | 42 (42.00) | 9 (9.00) | 1 (1.00) |
2020 | 100 | 101.14 (63.44, 149.08) | 76 (76.00) | 17 (17.00) | 6 (6.00) | 1 (1.00) |
2021 | 101 | 118.18 (70.70, 196.40) | 64 (63.37) | 22 (21.78) | 15 (14.85) | 0 (0.00) |
2022 | 100 | 103.63 (64.72, 134.90) | 86 (86.00) | 11 (11.00) | 3 (3.00) | 0 (0.00) |
2023 | 100 | 106.12 (53.29, 128.35) | 82 (82.00) | 10 (10.00) | 6 (6.00) | 2 (2.00) |
合计 | 603 | 108.60 (70.00, 153.40) | 446 (73.96) | 111 (18.41) | 42 (6.97) | 4 (0.66) |
表1. 2018~2023年南通市通州区孕妇尿碘含量监测结果
测孕早、中、晚期孕妇尿碘中位数分别为122.70、98.23、108.13 μg/L,各个孕期尿碘中位数均 < 150 μg/L,孕妇碘不足占比均超过60%。其中孕早期水平高于孕中、晚期水平,不同孕期孕妇尿碘浓度差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 15.352, P < 0.05)见表2。
孕期 | 检测数n | 尿碘水平 | 尿碘分布[n(%)] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M(P25, P75) μg/L | <150 μg/L | [150, 250) μg/L | [250, 500) μg/L | ≥ 500 μg/L | ||
孕早期 | 142 | 122.70 (79.80, 180.58) | 90 (63.38) | 38 (26.76) | 13 (9.15) | 1 (0.70) |
孕中期 | 218 | 98.23 (67.35, 138.74) | 169 (77.52) | 35 (16.06) | 11 (5.04) | 3 (1.38) |
孕晚期 | 243 | 108.13 (67.00, 143.30) | 187 (76.95) | 38 (15.64) | 18 (7.41) | 0 (0.00) |
合计 | 603 | 108.60 (70.00, 153.40) | 446 (73.96) | 111 (18.41) | 42 (6.97) | 4 (0.66) |
表2. 2018~2023年南通市通州区不同孕期孕妇尿碘含量监测结果
比较 < 25岁、[25, 35)岁和 ≥ 35岁孕妇尿碘,中位数分别为116.20、108.36和100.50 μg/L,均<150 μg/L,高龄产妇组(≥35岁)尿碘水平低于非高龄产妇组(<35岁),不同年龄段孕妇尿碘水平差异无统计学意义(χ2 = 5.921, P = 0.432)。见表3。
年龄(岁) | 检测数n | 尿碘水平M(P25, P75) μg/L | 尿碘分布[n(%)] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 150 μg/L | [150, 250) μg/L | [250, 500) μg/L | ≥ 500 μg/L | |||
<25 | 84 | 116.20 (78.80, 179.29) | 55 (65.48) | 19 (22.62) | 9 (10.71) | 1 (1.19) |
[25, 35) | 464 | 108.36 (68.05, 150.86) | 346 (74.57) | 84 (18.10) | 31 (6.68) | 3 (0.65) |
≥35 | 55 | 100.50 (62.50, 141.09) | 45 (81.82) | 8 (14.54) | 2 (3.64) | 0 (0.00) |
合计 | 603 | 108.60 (70.00, 153.40) | 446 (73.96) | 111 (18.41) | 42 (6.97) | 4 (0.66) |
表3. 2018~2023年南通市通州区不同年龄段孕妇尿碘含量监测结果
南通市通州区呈现出孕妇家中碘盐覆盖率高但其碘营养不足,风险仍较高的特点。原因可能:① 孕妇碘的代谢高于普通人群;② 孕妇妊娠反应导致孕吐反应严重,食欲下降,或孕期水肿限制了碘盐摄取;③ 孕妇家中饮食清淡、日常饮食中放食盐较少,盐碘摄人较少;④ 孕妇个人身体状况不一,日常饮食差距大,部分沿海乡镇孕妇海产品食用较多;⑤ 部分生产厂家以规定标准的下限加碘,致使盐碘含量偏低。食用碘盐的孕妇尿碘水平未明显高于食用非碘盐孕妇,原因可能是南通通州地处东南沿海地区,海产品丰富,孕妇在平时饮食中摄入其他含碘的食物。建议本区碘缺乏病防控仍应加强食盐加碘,同时加强孕妇碘营养的监测,并通过宣教提高孕妇及家属的盐碘知识水平,提高碘盐的合理使用率,改善孕妇碘营养状况。
南通市通州区属于环境缺碘地区,碘摄入主要通过食物,在食物中碘含量稳定且充足的情况下,人体碘排出量和摄入量相当,其中尿碘的排出量占80%以上,因此检测孕期尿碘含量能够反映该人群的碘摄入情况。本次分析结果显示,通州区孕妇尿碘中位数为108.60 μg/L,处于碘不足水平,与山东威海 [
孕妇为特殊人群,孕期对碘需求量增加,易受到缺碘的影响 [
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