CMP Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2326-3512 Scientific Research Publishing 10.12677/CMP.2024.131001 CMP-80151 CMP20240100000_78282099.pdf 数学与物理 Ag增强ZnO微米棒偏振发光 Ag Enhanced Polarization Fluorescence of ZnO Microrod 1 * 学影 1 2 长春理工大学物理学院,吉林 长春 null 30 01 2024 13 01 1 6 © Copyright 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. 2014 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

为了提高各向异性形貌的ZnO微米棒的偏振发光,通过水热法制备出了ZnO微米棒,再采用柠檬酸钠还原法制备出了ZnO/Ag微米棒。实验结果表明,制备出的微米棒呈哑铃型,横纵比约为6,ZnO微米棒中不含其它杂质。光致发光图表明,ZnO微米棒紫外发光峰峰形呈高斯对称,发光在380 nm左右,而在可见光区,在540 nm左右观测到一个较弱的宽发光峰。在与Ag复合后,ZnO微米棒的光致发光以及光吸收都获得提高。在325 nm He-Cd激光器激发下,通过计算ZnO微米棒的偏振度为0.31,ZnO/Ag微米棒的偏振度为0.44,表明与Ag复合后,ZnO微米棒的偏振获得提高,这使得其在紫外偏振探测等领域具有良好的应用前景。 In order to improve the polarization luminescence of ZnO microrods with anisotropic morphology, ZnO microrods were prepared by hydrothermal method, and ZnO/Ag microrods were prepared by reduction method using sodium citrate. The experimental results show that the prepared microrods are dumbbell shaped. The transverse to longitudinal ratio is about 6. No obvious impurities were found in ZnO microrods. Photoluminescence characterization shows that the UV luminescence of ZnO microrods is Gaussian symmetric with a peak center at 380 nm. In the visible region, a weak and wide luminescence peak was observed at about 540 nm. The introduction of Ag improves the luminescence and absorption of ZnO microrods. Under the excitation of 325 nm linearly polarized light, the polarization ratio of ZnO microrods is 0.31. The polarization ratio of ZnO/Ag microrods is 0.44. The enhancement in polarization indicates that the ZnO/Ag composites have a good application prospect in the field of ultraviolet polarization detection.

ZnO微米棒,ZnO/Ag复合材料,偏振发光, ZnO Microrods ZnO/Ag Composite Polarized Fluorescence
摘要

为了提高各向异性形貌的ZnO微米棒的偏振发光,通过水热法制备出了ZnO微米棒,再采用柠檬酸钠还原法制备出了ZnO/Ag微米棒。实验结果表明,制备出的微米棒呈哑铃型,横纵比约为6,ZnO微米棒中不含其它杂质。光致发光图表明,ZnO微米棒紫外发光峰峰形呈高斯对称,发光在380 nm左右,而在可见光区,在540 nm左右观测到一个较弱的宽发光峰。在与Ag复合后,ZnO微米棒的光致发光以及光吸收都获得提高。在325 nm He-Cd激光器激发下,通过计算ZnO微米棒的偏振度为0.31,ZnO/Ag微米棒的偏振度为0.44,表明与Ag复合后,ZnO微米棒的偏振获得提高,这使得其在紫外偏振探测等领域具有良好的应用前景。

关键词

ZnO微米棒,ZnO/Ag复合材料,偏振发光

Ag Enhanced Polarization Fluorescence of ZnO Microrod<sup> </sup>

Chao Yu, Xueying Chu*

School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun Jilin

Received: Nov. 22nd, 2023; accepted: Jan. 23rd, 2024; published: Jan. 30th, 2024

ABSTRACT

In order to improve the polarization luminescence of ZnO microrods with anisotropic morphology, ZnO microrods were prepared by hydrothermal method, and ZnO/Ag microrods were prepared by reduction method using sodium citrate. The experimental results show that the prepared microrods are dumbbell shaped. The transverse to longitudinal ratio is about 6. No obvious impurities were found in ZnO microrods. Photoluminescence characterization shows that the UV luminescence of ZnO microrods is Gaussian symmetric with a peak center at 380 nm. In the visible region, a weak and wide luminescence peak was observed at about 540 nm. The introduction of Ag improves the luminescence and absorption of ZnO microrods. Under the excitation of 325 nm linearly polarized light, the polarization ratio of ZnO microrods is 0.31. The polarization ratio of ZnO/Ag microrods is 0.44. The enhancement in polarization indicates that the ZnO/Ag composites have a good application prospect in the field of ultraviolet polarization detection.

Keywords:ZnO Microrods, ZnO/Ag Composite, Polarized Fluorescence

Copyright © 2024 by author(s) and beplay安卓登录

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).

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1. 引言

ZnO常温常压下的六方纤锌矿结构使得其容易获得一维的各向异性形貌的结构。一维空间电场调制作用使得大比表面积的一维ZnO具有优异的电子及光子定向传输等特性,而且有报道表明,一维ZnO的纵横比对光电性能也有影响 [ 1 ] ,此外,ZnO因其3.37 eV的宽带隙以及60 meV高激子结合能 [ 2 ] ,比室温热电离化能大很多,因此,ZnO这种紫外波段的发光材料适用于室温甚至是更高温度。这些特点使得ZnO在太阳能电池、紫外光电探测器、光催化等领域具有重要的研究价值 [ 3 ] 。在这些应用领域中,ZnO与金属结构的表面等离子体和局域表面等离子体对器件性能的提高起着重要的作用。

Au、Ag以及Al等纳米结构的局域表面等离子体共振效应近些年来有着广泛的研究 [ 4 ] [ 5 ] ,Khadija Munawar等人对比分析了复合Ag前后的ZnO薄膜,ZnO与Ag复合后光响应获得提高并扩展到可见光区,光电化学水分解能力有很大的提高,在太阳能储能方面有良好的应用前景 [ 6 ] 。Ming Nie等人研究了不同形貌的ZnO与Ag复合后的光催化性能,发现与Ag复合后ZnO的光催化性能得到提高且ZnO的形貌对催化性能无太大影响 [ 7 ] 。G. Atanasova等人在紫外以及可见光照下对比研究了ZnO与贵金属复合前后的传感器对不同气体的传感性能,其中Pd、Ag双金属复合ZnO对丙酮的响应最灵敏,这对于制造适合诊断糖尿病的丙酮传感器具有借鉴意义 [ 8 ] 。然而对于ZnO与贵金属复合对其偏振特性的报道很少,ZnO与金属纳米结构复合,一方面能够改善ZnO的荧光发光强度、光吸收等发光特性。另一方面由于材料本身具有各向异性,ZnO和Au、Ag以及Al纳米结构均具有偏振特性,所以也会对ZnO偏振光学特性造成影响。本文通过水热法和柠檬酸钠还原法制备出了ZnO/Ag微米棒,对照研究了金属纳米结构对ZnO各向异性发光特性的影响,进而有可能改善其偏振探测性能,促进ZnO在紫外偏振探测方面的应用。

2. 实验部分 2.1. ZnO微米棒的制备

参考组内前期的工作使用操作简便的水热法制备ZnO微米棒 [ 9 ] 。配置100 mmol/L Zn2+前驱体溶液。将相同摩尔质量的六水合硝酸锌、HMT溶液,各自搅拌5 min,之后将HMT溶液缓慢滴加到六水合硝酸锌溶液中,超声2 min,随后把混合液倒入聚四氟乙烯水热反应釜中,在电热恒温干燥箱中180℃下反应12 h,冷却至室温后取出,将其用去离子水、乙醇反复多次清洗,干燥。最后进行一系列的表征测试。

2.2. ZnO微米棒与Ag复合

采用柠檬酸钠还原法制备ZnO/Ag微米棒,具体方案:取0.3 g ZnO微米棒粉末,0.038 g AgNO3和3.28 g柠檬酸钠,倒入50 ml去离子水,将溶液混合均匀,避光搅拌30 min,抽滤并用去离子水多次洗涤,用氯化钾溶液检测到无Ag+残留后将过滤物后的沉淀物置于真空干燥箱中60℃干燥6 h。

2.3. 材料测试与表征

样品的形貌以及元素种类和含量由扫面电子显微镜(JSM-6010LA)表征,光致发光(PL)以及拉曼光谱使用拉曼光谱仪(LabRAM HR Evolution)和325 nm He-Cd激光器进行表征。使用紫外可见分光光度计(JASCO V-770)测光学吸收谱。

3. 结果与讨论 3.1. ZnO微米棒形貌结构分析

借助SEM对制备出的样品的形貌以及尺寸进行观察和分析。如图1所示,ZnO微米棒的中间比两边细,是一种哑铃型微米棒,从图中可以看出水热法制备的ZnO微米棒横向长度约为12 μm,纵向长度约为2 μm,因此其横纵比约为6。组内前期的工作表明,横纵比会影响ZnO微米棒的偏振,同一尺度量级下的ZnO微米棒,横纵比高的样品比横纵比低的样品偏振度大 [ 10 ] 。

图1. ZnO微米棒的SEM图

为了确定ZnO微米棒存在Zn、O元素而无其他杂质,采用附在SEM设备上的能谱分析仪(EDS)对微米棒进行EDS元素分析。如图2所示,由图可知ZnO微米棒存在Zn、O、Si元素,Si来源于硅衬底,证实了ZnO微米棒中没有其他杂质。

如图3对比研究了ZnO微米棒与银复合前后的拉曼光谱,发现所有样品都出现了ZnO的A1-1LO和A1-2LO两条声子振动带,没有观测到其他物质的拉曼峰。

3.2. ZnO微米棒光学特性分析

PL光谱的强度反映了光致载流子的分离或复合速率,发光越强,表示光生电荷载流子的复合概率越高。从图4可以看出,ZnO微米棒在与Ag复合以后其在光致发光增强,这可能是由于Ag纳米颗粒的局域表面等离子体共振作用,增强了ZnO的辐射复合率。

图2. ZnO微米棒EDS能谱图

图3. 325 nm激发下ZnO微米棒与Ag复合前后的拉曼光谱图

图4. 325 nm激发下ZnO微米棒与Ag复合前后的PL光谱图

图5可以看出,ZnO微米棒在与Ag纳米颗粒复合后整体的吸收都增强了,归因于Ag纳米颗粒的表面等离子体共振效应(LSPR)给予了ZnO/Ag微米棒更强的光吸收效应,当光束照射在贵金属纳米颗粒表面时,它与金属内部的自由电子相互作用,并通过产生表面等离子体共振模式在金属纳米颗粒表面产生近场光学效应。当入射光的频率等于金属中电子气的固有频率时,LSPR效应就发生了。金属纳米粒子表面的局部电场在共振点附近显著增强。可见光区吸收是由其多孔道结构对可见光的散射造成,相对较弱。

图5. ZnO微米棒与Ag复合前后的紫外–可见吸收光谱图

3.3. ZnO微米棒偏振发光特性分析

使用325 nm的He-Cd激光器作为光源,其激发光是线偏振光,入射光通过紫外半波片后,先经过二向色片反射到样品对其激发,然后样品发光透过二向色片,再经反射后到CCD系统上检测样品的荧光强度,每次旋转5˚紫外λ/2波片对入射的线偏振光的偏振方向进行周期性调节。

在325 nm线偏振光激发下检测ZnO微米棒377 nm处荧光强度随入射偏振光角度变化关系曲线。如

图6. 325 nm激发下(a) ZnO微米棒与 (b) ZnO/Ag微米棒的发光峰值随偏振光角度变化图像

图6(a)和图6(b)所示,可以看出ZnO微米棒以及ZnO/Ag微米棒的荧光强度随入射偏振光角度改变呈现类似正弦图的周期性变化规律。

使用公式(1)计算偏振度,

P = I max − I min I max + I min (1)

其中 I max 是拟合后的最大光强, I min 是拟合后的最小光强,最后经过计算得出ZnO微米棒的偏振度为0.31,ZnO/Ag微米棒的偏振度为0.44。

4. 结论

采用水热法制备的ZnO微米棒纵横比约为6,随后通过柠檬酸钠还原法制备出了ZnO/Ag微米棒,EDS和拉曼光谱表明ZnO微米棒中没有其他杂质。ZnO微米棒与Ag纳米颗粒复合后,使得样品发光以及光吸收都获得提高。之后测试ZnO微米棒偏振发光,经过拟合计算出偏振度为0.31,ZnO/Ag微米棒偏振度为0.44,表明与Ag纳米颗粒复合能够提高ZnO微米棒的偏振,为偏振光电探测领域提供参考价值。

基金项目

吉林省科技厅科技发展计划项目(JC 20200201266)。

文章引用

余 超,楚学影. Ag增强ZnO微米棒偏振发光Ag Enhanced Polarization Fluorescence of ZnO Microrod[J]. 凝聚态物理学进展, 2024, 13(01): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.12677/CMP.2024.131001

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