为了提高各向异性形貌的ZnO微米棒的偏振发光,通过水热法制备出了ZnO微米棒,再采用柠檬酸钠还原法制备出了ZnO/Ag微米棒。实验结果表明,制备出的微米棒呈哑铃型,横纵比约为6,ZnO微米棒中不含其它杂质。光致发光图表明,ZnO微米棒紫外发光峰峰形呈高斯对称,发光在380 nm左右,而在可见光区,在540 nm左右观测到一个较弱的宽发光峰。在与Ag复合后,ZnO微米棒的光致发光以及光吸收都获得提高。在325 nm He-Cd激光器激发下,通过计算ZnO微米棒的偏振度为0.31,ZnO/Ag微米棒的偏振度为0.44,表明与Ag复合后,ZnO微米棒的偏振获得提高,这使得其在紫外偏振探测等领域具有良好的应用前景。 In order to improve the polarization luminescence of ZnO microrods with anisotropic morphology, ZnO microrods were prepared by hydrothermal method, and ZnO/Ag microrods were prepared by reduction method using sodium citrate. The experimental results show that the prepared microrods are dumbbell shaped. The transverse to longitudinal ratio is about 6. No obvious impurities were found in ZnO microrods. Photoluminescence characterization shows that the UV luminescence of ZnO microrods is Gaussian symmetric with a peak center at 380 nm. In the visible region, a weak and wide luminescence peak was observed at about 540 nm. The introduction of Ag improves the luminescence and absorption of ZnO microrods. Under the excitation of 325 nm linearly polarized light, the polarization ratio of ZnO microrods is 0.31. The polarization ratio of ZnO/Ag microrods is 0.44. The enhancement in polarization indicates that the ZnO/Ag composites have a good application prospect in the field of ultraviolet polarization detection.
为了提高各向异性形貌的ZnO微米棒的偏振发光,通过水热法制备出了ZnO微米棒,再采用柠檬酸钠还原法制备出了ZnO/Ag微米棒。实验结果表明,制备出的微米棒呈哑铃型,横纵比约为6,ZnO微米棒中不含其它杂质。光致发光图表明,ZnO微米棒紫外发光峰峰形呈高斯对称,发光在380 nm左右,而在可见光区,在540 nm左右观测到一个较弱的宽发光峰。在与Ag复合后,ZnO微米棒的光致发光以及光吸收都获得提高。在325 nm He-Cd激光器激发下,通过计算ZnO微米棒的偏振度为0.31,ZnO/Ag微米棒的偏振度为0.44,表明与Ag复合后,ZnO微米棒的偏振获得提高,这使得其在紫外偏振探测等领域具有良好的应用前景。
ZnO微米棒,ZnO/Ag复合材料,偏振发光
Chao Yu, Xueying Chu*
School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun Jilin
Received: Nov. 22nd, 2023; accepted: Jan. 23rd, 2024; published: Jan. 30th, 2024
In order to improve the polarization luminescence of ZnO microrods with anisotropic morphology, ZnO microrods were prepared by hydrothermal method, and ZnO/Ag microrods were prepared by reduction method using sodium citrate. The experimental results show that the prepared microrods are dumbbell shaped. The transverse to longitudinal ratio is about 6. No obvious impurities were found in ZnO microrods. Photoluminescence characterization shows that the UV luminescence of ZnO microrods is Gaussian symmetric with a peak center at 380 nm. In the visible region, a weak and wide luminescence peak was observed at about 540 nm. The introduction of Ag improves the luminescence and absorption of ZnO microrods. Under the excitation of 325 nm linearly polarized light, the polarization ratio of ZnO microrods is 0.31. The polarization ratio of ZnO/Ag microrods is 0.44. The enhancement in polarization indicates that the ZnO/Ag composites have a good application prospect in the field of ultraviolet polarization detection.
Keywords:ZnO Microrods, ZnO/Ag Composite, Polarized Fluorescence
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ZnO常温常压下的六方纤锌矿结构使得其容易获得一维的各向异性形貌的结构。一维空间电场调制作用使得大比表面积的一维ZnO具有优异的电子及光子定向传输等特性,而且有报道表明,一维ZnO的纵横比对光电性能也有影响 [
Au、Ag以及Al等纳米结构的局域表面等离子体共振效应近些年来有着广泛的研究 [
参考组内前期的工作使用操作简便的水热法制备ZnO微米棒 [
采用柠檬酸钠还原法制备ZnO/Ag微米棒,具体方案:取0.3 g ZnO微米棒粉末,0.038 g AgNO3和3.28 g柠檬酸钠,倒入50 ml去离子水,将溶液混合均匀,避光搅拌30 min,抽滤并用去离子水多次洗涤,用氯化钾溶液检测到无Ag+残留后将过滤物后的沉淀物置于真空干燥箱中60℃干燥6 h。
样品的形貌以及元素种类和含量由扫面电子显微镜(JSM-6010LA)表征,光致发光(PL)以及拉曼光谱使用拉曼光谱仪(LabRAM HR Evolution)和325 nm He-Cd激光器进行表征。使用紫外可见分光光度计(JASCO V-770)测光学吸收谱。
借助SEM对制备出的样品的形貌以及尺寸进行观察和分析。如图1所示,ZnO微米棒的中间比两边细,是一种哑铃型微米棒,从图中可以看出水热法制备的ZnO微米棒横向长度约为12 μm,纵向长度约为2 μm,因此其横纵比约为6。组内前期的工作表明,横纵比会影响ZnO微米棒的偏振,同一尺度量级下的ZnO微米棒,横纵比高的样品比横纵比低的样品偏振度大 [
图1. ZnO微米棒的SEM图
为了确定ZnO微米棒存在Zn、O元素而无其他杂质,采用附在SEM设备上的能谱分析仪(EDS)对微米棒进行EDS元素分析。如图2所示,由图可知ZnO微米棒存在Zn、O、Si元素,Si来源于硅衬底,证实了ZnO微米棒中没有其他杂质。
如图3对比研究了ZnO微米棒与银复合前后的拉曼光谱,发现所有样品都出现了ZnO的A1-1LO和A1-2LO两条声子振动带,没有观测到其他物质的拉曼峰。
PL光谱的强度反映了光致载流子的分离或复合速率,发光越强,表示光生电荷载流子的复合概率越高。从图4可以看出,ZnO微米棒在与Ag复合以后其在光致发光增强,这可能是由于Ag纳米颗粒的局域表面等离子体共振作用,增强了ZnO的辐射复合率。
图2. ZnO微米棒EDS能谱图
图3. 325 nm激发下ZnO微米棒与Ag复合前后的拉曼光谱图
图4. 325 nm激发下ZnO微米棒与Ag复合前后的PL光谱图
图5可以看出,ZnO微米棒在与Ag纳米颗粒复合后整体的吸收都增强了,归因于Ag纳米颗粒的表面等离子体共振效应(LSPR)给予了ZnO/Ag微米棒更强的光吸收效应,当光束照射在贵金属纳米颗粒表面时,它与金属内部的自由电子相互作用,并通过产生表面等离子体共振模式在金属纳米颗粒表面产生近场光学效应。当入射光的频率等于金属中电子气的固有频率时,LSPR效应就发生了。金属纳米粒子表面的局部电场在共振点附近显著增强。可见光区吸收是由其多孔道结构对可见光的散射造成,相对较弱。
图5. ZnO微米棒与Ag复合前后的紫外–可见吸收光谱图
使用325 nm的He-Cd激光器作为光源,其激发光是线偏振光,入射光通过紫外半波片后,先经过二向色片反射到样品对其激发,然后样品发光透过二向色片,再经反射后到CCD系统上检测样品的荧光强度,每次旋转5˚紫外λ/2波片对入射的线偏振光的偏振方向进行周期性调节。
在325 nm线偏振光激发下检测ZnO微米棒377 nm处荧光强度随入射偏振光角度变化关系曲线。如
图6. 325 nm激发下(a) ZnO微米棒与 (b) ZnO/Ag微米棒的发光峰值随偏振光角度变化图像
图6(a)和图6(b)所示,可以看出ZnO微米棒以及ZnO/Ag微米棒的荧光强度随入射偏振光角度改变呈现类似正弦图的周期性变化规律。
使用公式(1)计算偏振度,
P = I max − I min I max + I min (1)
其中 I max 是拟合后的最大光强, I min 是拟合后的最小光强,最后经过计算得出ZnO微米棒的偏振度为0.31,ZnO/Ag微米棒的偏振度为0.44。
采用水热法制备的ZnO微米棒纵横比约为6,随后通过柠檬酸钠还原法制备出了ZnO/Ag微米棒,EDS和拉曼光谱表明ZnO微米棒中没有其他杂质。ZnO微米棒与Ag纳米颗粒复合后,使得样品发光以及光吸收都获得提高。之后测试ZnO微米棒偏振发光,经过拟合计算出偏振度为0.31,ZnO/Ag微米棒偏振度为0.44,表明与Ag纳米颗粒复合能够提高ZnO微米棒的偏振,为偏振光电探测领域提供参考价值。
吉林省科技厅科技发展计划项目(JC 20200201266)。
余 超,楚学影. Ag增强ZnO微米棒偏振发光Ag Enhanced Polarization Fluorescence of ZnO Microrod[J]. 凝聚态物理学进展, 2024, 13(01): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.12677/CMP.2024.131001
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