目的:采用房树人绘画测验(House-Tree-Person Test,HTP)和五态人格量表分析大学生的心理健康现状,并探讨HTP对五态人格的影响,为大学生的心理健康管理提供参考依据。方法:采用方便取样的方法,选取贵州省某高校239本科生进行HTP和五态人格测验。结果:大学生的五态人格以阴阳和平(42.26%)为主;太阳、少阳、太阴得分均低于全国常模(P < 0.05),阴阳和平得分高于全国常模(P < 0.05)。HTP结果显示,少阳人格中嘴巴缺失,少阴人格中门前有路、树枝向下,太阴人格中门前有路、人画的小、画面涂擦均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示门前有路、树枝向下、人画的小、画面涂擦是大学生五态人格的影响因素(P < 0.05)。结论:HTP与五态人格量表可共同应用于大学生心理健康评估。 Objective: To analyse the current mental health status of college students using the House-Tree- Person Drawing Test (HTP) and the five pattern personality, and to explore the influence of HTP on the five pattern personality, which will provide a reference basis for the management of college students’ mental health. Methods: 239 undergraduates from a university in Guizhou Province were selected to take HTP and Five pattern personality Test by convenient sampling. Results: The five pattern personality of university students are mainly Yy and Peace (42.26%); the Tya, Sya and Tyi scores were lower than the national norm, and Yy and Peace scores were higher than the national norm were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There HTP results showed that the mouth was missing in Sya personality, and there was a road in front of the door and branches down in Syi personality, and a road in front of the door, small people, and brushing picture in the Tyi personality were all statistically significant (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that there was a road in front of the front, branches down, small people and picture brushing were the influencing factors of the personality of the college students (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The HTP and the Pentamorphic Personality Inventory can be jointly applied to the assessment of college students’ mental health, and administrators should take targeted interventions to reduce students’ physical and mental burdens according to their specific needs, solve existing psychological problems in a timely manner, and promote the healthy growth of college students.
目的:采用房树人绘画测验(House-Tree-Person Test, HTP)和五态人格量表分析大学生的心理健康现状,并探讨HTP对五态人格的影响,为大学生的心理健康管理提供参考依据。方法:采用方便取样的方法,选取贵州省某高校239本科生进行HTP和五态人格测验。结果:大学生的五态人格以阴阳和平(42.26%)为主;太阳、少阳、太阴得分均低于全国常模(P < 0.05),阴阳和平得分高于全国常模(P < 0.05)。HTP结果显示,少阳人格中嘴巴缺失,少阴人格中门前有路、树枝向下,太阴人格中门前有路、人画的小、画面涂擦均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示门前有路、树枝向下、人画的小、画面涂擦是大学生五态人格的影响因素(P < 0.05)。结论:HTP与五态人格量表可共同应用于大学生心理健康评估。
五态人格,房树人测验,投射测验,心理健康
Yunmei Zhu1, Hui Tian2, Guangfeng Weng1, Qian Xia1, Jiali Zou3, Fangli Lou1*
1School of Nursing, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang Guizhou
2School of Humanities and Management, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang Guizhou
2Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang Guizhou
Received: Dec. 25th, 2023; accepted: Jan. 18th, 2024; published: Jan. 25th, 2024
Objective: To analyse the current mental health status of college students using the House-Tree- Person Drawing Test (HTP) and the five pattern personality, and to explore the influence of HTP on the five pattern personality, which will provide a reference basis for the management of college students’ mental health. Methods: 239 undergraduates from a university in Guizhou Province were selected to take HTP and Five pattern personality Test by convenient sampling. Results: The five pattern personality of university students are mainly Yy and Peace (42.26%); the Tya, Sya and Tyi scores were lower than the national norm, and Yy and Peace scores were higher than the national norm were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There HTP results showed that the mouth was missing in Sya personality, and there was a road in front of the door and branches down in Syi personality, and a road in front of the door, small people, and brushing picture in the Tyi personality were all statistically significant (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that there was a road in front of the front, branches down, small people and picture brushing were the influencing factors of the personality of the college students (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The HTP and the Pentamorphic Personality Inventory can be jointly applied to the assessment of college students’ mental health, and administrators should take targeted interventions to reduce students’ physical and mental burdens according to their specific needs, solve existing psychological problems in a timely manner, and promote the healthy growth of college students.
Keywords:Five Pattern Personality, House-Tree-Person Test, Projection Test, Mental Health
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心理健康是指个人具有生命活力、积极的内心体验、良好的社会适应,能够有效地发挥个人身心潜力与积极的社会功能的一种持续心理状态 [
HTP是投射测验中的一种,被测者借助绘画表露心理状态,引发无意识的情绪及情感,将隐藏在潜意识中的欲望、动机投射出来 [
采用方便取样的方法,以贵州省某中医院校本科生作为研究对象,年龄18~24岁,平均年龄为20.15岁。纳入标准:1) 在校大学生;2) 获得知情同意,自愿参加。排除标准:1) 调查期间请假者;2) 资料不全者。所有符合纳入标准的研究对象进行五态人格问卷调查和HTP,共发放260例,回收260例,有效239例,有效回收率91.92%。
采用薛崇成等 [
HTP由美国心理学家Buck提出,将房子、树、人画在同一张白纸上 [
使用SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行统计学处理。计量资料用( x ¯ ± s )表示,组间、组内比较采用t检验;计数资料用n (%)表示,组间、组内比较采用c2检验。以绘画特征为自变量,少阴人格得分为因变量,建立logistic回归模型进行分析。P < 0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
共纳入239名本科生,其中男生40人,女生199人;二年级187人,三年级52人;城镇40人,农村199人;独生子女15人,非独生子女224人;少数民族100人,汉族139人。
大学生五态人格以阴阳和平为主;太阳、少阳、太阴得分均低于全国常模,阴阳和平得分高于全国常模,差异比较具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表1。
维度 | [n (%)] | 大学生(n = 239) | 全国常模(n = 5348) | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
太阳 | 8 (3.35) | 10.37 ± 3.91 | 12.84 ± 3.50 | −9.774 | <0.001** |
少阳 | 39 (16.32) | 12.26 ± 3.87 | 12.81 ± 4.07 | −2.200 | 0.029* |
表1. 大学生五态人格与全国常模得分比较
续表
注:*P < 0.05,**P < 0.01。
不同性别的太阳、少阴、太阴得分,不同年级太阴得分均有统计差异(P < 0.05)。见表2。
组别 | 太阳 | 少阳 | 阴阳和平 | 少阴 | 太阴 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
性别 | |||||
男 | 12.08 ± 3.88 | 13.33 ± 4.28 | 7.25 ± 2.70 | 15.40 ± 3.19 | 11.85 ± 6.25 |
女 | 10.03 ± 3.83 | 12.05 ± 3.76 | 6.96 ± 2.49 | 13.80 ± 3.47 | 8.17 ± 5.12 |
t | 3.079 | 1.919 | 0.780 | 2.699 | 3.502 |
p | 0.002** | 0.056 | 0.438 | 0.007** | <0.001** |
年级 | |||||
大二 | 10.26 ± 3.99 | 12.47 ± 3.75 | 7.14 ± 2.34 | 14.05 ± 3.45 | 8.25 ± 5.05 |
大三 | 10.75 ± 3.63 | 11.52 ± 4.24 | 6.54 ± 2.68 | 14.12 ± 3.56 | 10.69 ± 6.52 |
t | −0.796 | 1.564 | 1.587 | −0.114 | −2.500 |
p | 0.427 | 0.119 | 0.114 | 0.910 | 0.015* |
居住地 | |||||
城镇 | 10.25 ± 3.89 | 12.16 ± 3.96 | 7.06 ± 2.38 | 14.12 ± 3.48 | 8.61 ± 5.43 |
农村 | 10.98 ± 4.00 | 12.75 ± 3.39 | 6.78 ± 2.66 | 13.80 ± 3.44 | 9.65 ± 5.75 |
t | −1.076 | −0.878 | 0.667 | 0.533 | −1.097 |
p | 0.283 | 0.381 | 0.505 | 0.595 | 0.274 |
独生子女 | |||||
是 | 11.80 ± 3.69 | 11.60 ± 3.42 | 7.33 ± 1.88 | 13.40 ± 3.25 | 6.93 ± 5.71 |
否 | 10.27 ± 3.91 | 12.30 ± 3.90 | 6.99 ± 2.46 | 14.11 ± 3.49 | 8.91 ± 5.46 |
t | 1.469 | −0.681 | 0.678 | −0.769 | −1.351 |
p | 0.143 | 0.497 | 0.507 | 0.443 | 0.178 |
少数民族 | |||||
是 | 10.19 ± 3.97 | 12.16 ± 4.14 | 7.29 ± 2.42 | 14.51 ± 3.22 | 8.77 ± 5.38 |
否 | 10.50 ± 3.87 | 12.33 ± 3.68 | 6.81 ± 2.41 | 13.75 ± 3.62 | 8.79 ± 5.58 |
t | −0.597 | −0.336 | 1.529 | 1.681 | −0.030 |
p | 0.551 | 0.737 | 0.128 | 0.094 | 0.976 |
表2. 不同组别五态人格得分比较( x ¯ ± s )
本研究大学生绘画多呈现为烟囱、门开着、人小、树有果实等共性特征。根据以上特征选取4幅典型图片进行分析,见图1~4。
图1画面整体远近适当,呈现一幅恬静祥和的景象,房子偏左,线条利落,屋顶瓦片有层次性,烟囱圆圈状烟,门窗紧闭;右边是一颗没有树根的果树,树干有年轮图样,周围长满小草;女孩在锻炼身体,点状眼珠、没有画鼻子。
图2画面整体线条不流畅,房子呈立体状,轮廓线条反复涂擦,屋顶有烟囱,门向内开,窗户向外开,并都有阴影;树位于最右侧,树干有阴影,树枝呈单线条,树冠封闭;人物较小,只有头发轮廓和点状眼睛,没有眉毛和嘴巴。
图1. 大学生的HTP
图2. 大学生的HTP
图3整幅图干脆利落,位置偏远,中间房子屋顶高大,烟囱冒烟,窗户外开,门带锁,小路在中间;房子两侧有围栏,有4棵树,树冠饱满,树干都有年轮样团;右下角小女孩穿着裙子跳绳,大眼睛。
图4房位于左侧,线条不流畅,门向内开,窗户有窗帘;右侧果树树干粗大,两侧树枝呈开放状;中间的小女孩是侧面,圆圆的眼睛,穿着裙子背着书包。
图3. 大学生的HTP
图4. 大学生的HTP
参考《五态性格测验表手册》 [
1) 两组少阳人格的HTP特征比较
少阳人格仅1项绘画特征有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表3。
绘画特征 | 少阳人格 | c2 | P | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
高分组 | 低分组 | ||||||
嘴巴缺失 | 6 (40.00) | 9 (60.00) | 4.853 | 0.028* | |||
纽扣 | 4 (36.36) | 7 (63.64) | 2.029 | 0.154 | |||
树根有围栏 | 6 (31.58) | 13 (68.42) | 2.411 | 0.320 | |||
表3. 两组少阳人格的HTP特征比较
2) 两组少阴人格的HTP特征比较
少阴人格中有2项绘画特征具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表4。
绘画特征 | 少阴人格 | c2 | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|
高分组 | 低分组 | |||
门前有路 | 19 (20.65) | 73 (79.35) | 4.319 | 0.038* |
树枝向下 | 2 (4.35) | 44 (95.65) | 4.831 | 0.028* |
线条轻淡 | 5 (29.41) | 12 (70.59) | 2.048 | 0.152 |
表4. 两组少阴人格的HTP特征比较
3) 两组太阴人格的HTP特征比较
太阴人格中有3项绘画特征有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表5。
绘画特征 | 太阴人格 | c2 | P | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
高分组 | 低分组 | |||||
门前有路 | 15 (16.30) | 77 (83.70) | 4.234 | 0.040* | ||
人小 | 18 (16.22) | 93 (83.78) | 6.013 | 0.014* | ||
画面涂擦 | 17 (16.04) | 89 (83.96) | 5.803 | 0.016* | ||
树干轻度描绘 | 24 (18.75) | 104 (81.25) | 3.366 | 0.067 | ||
表5. 两组太阴人格的HTP特征比较
以HTP为自变量,五态人格为因变量,进行logistic回归分析。其中少阳人格仅有1项绘画特征具有统计学意义,因此不进行回归分析。
以绘画特征为自变量,少阴人格为因变量,建立回归模型,结果有2项绘画特征进入回归方程。见表6。
项目 | B | S.E | Wald | P | OR | OR (95%CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
门前有路 | 0.819 | 0.375 | 4.774 | 0.029* | 2.267 | (1.088, 4.725) |
树枝向下 | −1.587 | 0.752 | 4.450 | 0.035* | 0.205 | (0.047, 0.894) |
常量 | −1.936 | 0.270 | 51.607 | 0.000 | 0.144 |
表6. HTP对少阴人格的logistic回归分析
以绘画特征为自变量,太阴人格为因变量,建立回归模型,结果有2项绘画特征进入回归方程。见表7。
项目 | B | S.E | Wald | P | OR | OR (95%CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
门前有路 | −0.548 | 0.347 | 2.498 | 0.114 | 0.578 | (0.293, 1.141) |
人小 | −0.830 | 0.330 | 6.317 | 0.012* | 0.436 | (0.228, 0.833) |
画面涂擦 | −0.785 | 0.337 | 5.448 | 0.020* | 0.456 | (0.236, 0.882) |
常量 | −0.345 | 0.252 | 1.879 | 0.170 | 0.708 |
表7. HTP对太阴人格的logistic回归分析
大学生是国家未来的栋梁,其心理健康问题是成长中重要的组成部分。本研究结果表明大学生五态人格以阴阳和平为主,与雷媛瑛等 [
嘴巴缺失是内心焦躁不安,不愿与人沟通,自我压抑的表现 [
路与房子之间的关系反映个体与外界交往过程的方式与选择和自我情感宣泄的途径 [
人小象征安全感低下、退缩内向,本研究结果显示大学生绘画中人小的出现频率较高。人物像是绘画者的自我现实像,是意识层面强烈的情绪关系或无意识层面的“情结”、情感 [
本研究显示门前有路OR值为0.819,是影响少阴人格的影响指标,与少阴人格对外界环境保持一定距离,为人处世不轻举妄动的特点相符合 [
运用具有中国本土文化特色的五态人格量表以及绘画投射测验中具有代表性的HTP进行大学生心理健康评估具有可行性。同时本研究可能存在一些不足之处,男生的样本量相对较少可能导致无法将结果推广,有必要进一步扩大样本量进行分析。
1) 2020年校级本科教学工程建设项目,编号:贵中医教学工程合字〔2020〕38号;2) 贵州中医药大学2021年研究生优质课程建设项目,编号:YYZKC2021008。
朱云梅,田 辉,翁光凤,夏 倩,邹家莉,娄方丽. 投射测验(HTP)在心理健康评估中的应用研究 Application of Projection Test (HTP) in Mental Health Assessment[J]. 护理学, 2024, 13(01): 99-108. https://doi.org/10.12677/NS.2024.131016
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https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721002245
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