目的:本研究旨在探讨超声引导内镜下逆行阑尾炎治疗术治疗急性非复杂性阑尾炎的临床疗效。方法:选取2022年09月至2023年05月大理大学第二附属医院接受超声引导内镜下逆行阑尾炎治疗术的33例急性非复杂性阑尾炎患者的临床资料,分析患者临床特点、手术疗效及预后情况。结果:纳入研究的33例患者中,男性18例(54.5%),女性15例(45.5%),年龄为46 (30, 61)岁;术前阑尾直径为1.03 ± 0.34 cm;33例患者均插管成功,插管成功率为100% (33/33),手术时长为45 (30, 62) min、术中出血量为(0.42 ± 1.03) ml;术后腹痛完全缓解时间为2 (1, 3) d,压痛完全缓解时间3 (1, 3) d,反跳痛完全缓解时间1.5 (1, 3) d,麦氏点压痛缓解时间3 (2, 3.75) d。术后3天复查阑尾直径为0.85 ± 0.28 cm。所有患者术后均未出现并发症;共随访33例,随访中阑尾炎复发率为3.0% (1/33)。结论:超声引导内镜下逆行阑尾炎治疗术具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少等优点,是治疗急性非复杂性阑尾炎的一种安全有效的方法。 Objective: The objective of this research was to examine the clinical effectiveness of ultrasound- guided endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy in managing cases of acute uncomplicated ap-pendicitis. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 33 patients of acute uncomplicated appendicitis who underwent ultrasound-guided endoscopic retrograde ap-pendicitis therapy in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dali University from September 2022 to May 2023. The patients’ clinical characteristics, surgical efficacy, and prognosis were analyzed. Results: Among the 33 patients included in the study, there were 18 males (54.5%) and 15 females (45.5%), with a median age of 46 (30, 61) years. The preoperative appendix diameter was 1.03 ± 0.34 cm. All patients were successfully intubated in appendiceal lumen with an intubation success rate of 100% (33/33). Operative duration was 45 (30, 62) min, and the intraoperative blood loss was (0.42 ± 1.03) ml. The postoperative complete relief time of abdominal pain was 2 (1, 3) days, tenderness com-plete relief time was 3 (1, 3) days, rebound tenderness complete relief time was 1.5 (1, 3) days, and McBurney’s point tenderness relief time was 3 (2, 3.75) days. Three days after the surgery, the ap-pendix diameter was 0.85 ± 0.28 cm. There was no complications occurred. A total of 33 patients were followed up, and the recurrence rate of appendicitis during the follow-up was 3.0% (1/33). Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy is a safe and effective method for treating acute uncomplicated appendicitis. It has the advantages of minimal invasive-ness, quick recovery, and fewer complications.
目的:本研究旨在探讨超声引导内镜下逆行阑尾炎治疗术治疗急性非复杂性阑尾炎的临床疗效。方法:选取2022年09月至2023年05月大理大学第二附属医院接受超声引导内镜下逆行阑尾炎治疗术的33例急性非复杂性阑尾炎患者的临床资料,分析患者临床特点、手术疗效及预后情况。结果:纳入研究的33例患者中,男性18例(54.5%),女性15例(45.5%),年龄为46 (30, 61)岁;术前阑尾直径为1.03 ± 0.34 cm;33例患者均插管成功,插管成功率为100% (33/33),手术时长为45 (30, 62) min、术中出血量为(0.42 ± 1.03) ml;术后腹痛完全缓解时间为2 (1, 3) d,压痛完全缓解时间3 (1, 3) d,反跳痛完全缓解时间1.5 (1, 3) d,麦氏点压痛缓解时间3 (2, 3.75) d。术后3天复查阑尾直径为0.85 ± 0.28 cm。所有患者术后均未出现并发症;共随访33例,随访中阑尾炎复发率为3.0% (1/33)。结论:超声引导内镜下逆行阑尾炎治疗术具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少等优点,是治疗急性非复杂性阑尾炎的一种安全有效的方法。
急性阑尾炎,急性非复杂性阑尾炎,内镜下逆行阑尾炎治疗术,超声引导,经自然腔道内镜手术
Siyun Li1, Zhongjian Liu2, Jieyu Liu1, Jihua Huang1, Yuping Ji1, Fan Zhang1*
1Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Kunming Yunnan
2Institute of Basic and Clinical Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming Yunnan
Received: Dec. 25th, 2023; accepted: Jan. 19th, 2024; published: Jan. 24th, 2024
Objective: The objective of this research was to examine the clinical effectiveness of ultrasound- guided endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy in managing cases of acute uncomplicated appendicitis. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 33 patients of acute uncomplicated appendicitis who underwent ultrasound-guided endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dali University from September 2022 to May 2023. The patients’ clinical characteristics, surgical efficacy, and prognosis were analyzed. Results: Among the 33 patients included in the study, there were 18 males (54.5%) and 15 females (45.5%), with a median age of 46 (30, 61) years. The preoperative appendix diameter was 1.03 ± 0.34 cm. All patients were successfully intubated in appendiceal lumen with an intubation success rate of 100% (33/33). Operative duration was 45 (30, 62) min, and the intraoperative blood loss was (0.42 ± 1.03) ml. The postoperative complete relief time of abdominal pain was 2 (1, 3) days, tenderness complete relief time was 3 (1, 3) days, rebound tenderness complete relief time was 1.5 (1, 3) days, and McBurney’s point tenderness relief time was 3 (2, 3.75) days. Three days after the surgery, the appendix diameter was 0.85 ± 0.28 cm. There was no complications occurred. A total of 33 patients were followed up, and the recurrence rate of appendicitis during the follow-up was 3.0% (1/33). Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy is a safe and effective method for treating acute uncomplicated appendicitis. It has the advantages of minimal invasiveness, quick recovery, and fewer complications.
Keywords:Acute Appendicitis, Acute Uncomplicated Appendicitis, Endoscopic Retrograde Appendicitis Therapy, Ultrasound-Guided, Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery
Copyright © 2024 by author(s) and beplay安卓登录
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).
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急性阑尾炎是常见急腹症之一,可以发生在各个年龄段。阑尾切除术多年来一直是急性阑尾炎的标准治疗,无论是复杂性还是非复杂性的急性阑尾炎。然而,随着研究的深入和人们认知的提高,越来越多的人开始关注阑尾切除后可能出现的问题,因此,保留阑尾也逐渐成为近年来治疗阑尾炎的新目标。2012年刘冰熔教授创新性地提出内镜逆行阑尾炎治疗术(Endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy, ERAT) [
ERAT常规采用逆行阑尾造影对阑尾腔进行造影后进行治疗,考虑到放射线会给医务人员及患者带来放射性损伤。我们使用超声引导取代逆行阑尾造影。为评估超声引导ERAT在急性非复杂性阑尾炎治疗中的有效性和安全性,本研究总结分析了2022年09月至2023年05月大理大学第二附属医院消化内科运用超声引导ERAT治疗急性非复杂性阑尾炎患者的临床资料,旨在为超声引导ERAT治疗急性非复杂性阑尾炎的诊疗提供依据。
通过电子病例系统收集2022年09月至2023年05月在大理大学第二附属医院消化内科收治诊断为急性非复杂性阑尾炎并行超声引导ERAT治疗的33例患者的相关资料。
纳入标准:根据患者临床症状、体征及超声和(或) CT明确诊断为急性非复杂性阑尾炎(急性单纯性阑尾炎、急性化脓性阑尾炎)的患者。排除标准:1) 急性复杂性阑尾炎患者;2) 炎症性肠病的患者;3) 有出血倾向患者;4) 严重内科系统疾病(多脏器功能异常);5) 孕妇、结肠镜检查禁忌症患者;6) 有精神病史者。所以患者均同意行超声引导ERAT并签署知情文件。
本研究经患者或患者家属知情同意并签署知情文件,并通过大理大学伦理委员会批准。
1) 治疗流程:常规进行术前抗菌药物。术后复查血常规以确定是否继续使用抗菌药物。如果术中出现穿孔、术后症状持续存在或进展,可考虑外科手术干预。
2) 超声引导下ERAT操作步骤 [
1) 手术情况:内镜下表现、阑尾腔插管成功率、阑尾腔冲洗内容物情况、网篮取石情况、阑尾腔支架置入率、手术时长(从结肠镜开始进镜到治疗完成退出肛门的时间)及术中出血量。
2) 手术并发症:出血、穿孔、感染等。
3) 症状及体征(腹痛、压痛、反跳痛、麦氏点压痛)缓解情况,阑尾管腔直径变化。
4) 随访(阑尾炎复发及治疗情况):于2023年09月采用电话进行随访。
统计学分析使用了SPSS 26.0软件。定量数据以均数 ± 标准差表示(数据符合正态分布)或中位数和四分位数范围表示(数据不符合正态性分布),计数数据以计数(百分比)表示。P < 0.05具有统计学意义。
本研究共纳入33例急性非复杂性阑尾炎并行超声引导ERAT治疗的患者。特征见表1。
33例确诊患者均行超声引导ERAT治疗,33例患者阑尾腔插管成功,插管成功率为100% (33/33)。所有患者均应用生理盐水 + 左奥硝唑氯化钠注射液混合溶液冲洗管腔,阑尾腔冲洗物以粪水、脓液最常见,少数患者冲洗出血凝块;在合并阑尾腔粪石的15例患者中,有14例(93.3%)在手术中使用取石网篮取出了粪石;支架置入31例(93.9%)。手术时长为45 (30, 62) min、术中出血量为0.42 ± 1.03 ml。术中无一例转外科手术治疗。见表2。
临床特征 | 结果 |
---|---|
阑尾炎类型[例(%)] | |
急性单纯性阑尾炎 | 21 (63.6%) |
急性化脓性阑尾炎 | 12 (36.4%) |
性别[例(%)] | |
男性 | 18 (54.5%) |
女性 | 15 (45.5%) |
年龄,岁(Q1, Q3) | 46 (30, 61) |
临床表现[例(%)] | |
转移性右下腹痛 | 13 (39.4%) |
脐周疼痛 | 10 (30.3%) |
右下腹痛 | 12 (36.4%) |
恶心 | 9 (27.3%) |
呕吐 | 4 (12.1%) |
嗳气 | 1 (3.0%) |
食欲不振 | 25 (75.8%) |
腹泻 | 3 (9.1%) |
发热 | 4 (12.1%) |
体征[例(%)] | |
右下腹压痛 | 31 (93.9%) |
反跳痛 | 16 (48.5%) |
麦氏点压痛 | 17 (51.5%) |
阑尾超声或CT表现 | |
阑尾管腔增粗[例(%)] | 27 (81.8%) |
阑尾腔粪石[例(%)] | 15 (45.5%) |
术前阑尾直径,厘米( X ¯ ± S ) | 1.03 ± 0.34 |
血液指标异常[例(%)] | |
白细胞升高 | 15 (45.5%) |
中性粒细胞升高 | 17 (51.5%) |
C反应蛋白升高 | 21 (63.6%) |
降钙素原 | 2 (6.1%) |
表1. 33例急性非复杂性阑尾炎患者基线资料
项目 | 结果 |
---|---|
内镜下表现[例(%)] | |
回盲部黏膜充血水肿 | 31 (93.9%) |
插管成功[例(%)] | 33 (100%) |
阑尾腔冲洗内容物情况[例(%)] | |
脓液流出 | 26 (78.8%) |
粪水流出 | 29 (87.9%) |
血凝块流出 | 6 (18.2%) |
网篮取石[例(%)] | 14 (93.3%) |
支架置入[例(%)] | 31 (93.9%) |
手术时长,min (Q1, Q3) | 45 (30, 62) |
术中出血量,ml ( X ¯ ± S ) | 0.42 ± 1.03 |
手术成功[例(%)] | 33 (100%) |
表2. 33例非复杂性阑尾炎患者手术情况
所以患者在术中及术后均未出现穿孔、坏死、感染、术后出血、肠梗阻等严重并发症。
ERAT术后所有患者腹痛均不同程度缓解。术后腹痛完全缓解时间为2 (1, 3)天,压痛完全缓解时间3 (1, 3)天,反跳痛完全缓解时间1.5 (1, 3) d,麦氏点压痛缓解时间3 (2, 3.75)天。术后3天复查阑尾直径为0.85 ± 0.28 cm。
共随访33例,术后电话随访1~12个月,1例患者在术后2月出现阑尾炎复发(复发率为3.0%),患者自行选择外科手术切除。
阑尾是细长而弯曲的盲管,其特殊的结构使得阑尾管腔容易发生梗阻、狭窄以及粪石形成,当阑尾腔内压力升高时,可能会压迫阑尾血管,导致血液供应的受阻,大量细菌繁殖进而诱发感染。过去,人们普遍认为阑尾是“无用的器官”,切除阑尾不会对人体产生不良副作用,因此阑尾切除术一直作为急性阑尾炎的主要手段 [
现代医学研究也对阑尾的功能有了很多新的见解:阑尾被认为具有免疫、分泌、储存益生菌的作用和功能。阑尾壁内有丰富的淋巴组织,与回肠末端的派氏集合淋巴结一起,产生淋巴细胞和抗体。产生的IgA对调节肠道菌群的密度和质量至关重要 [
内镜技术的发展为治疗阑尾炎提供了一种新的选择,即经自然腔道内镜手术 [
本研究中共有33例患者接受了超声引导ERAT,插管成功率为100%,手术时长为45 (30, 62) min、术中出血量为0.42 ± 1.03 ml。相关研究显示 [
在ERAT插管成功后,对阑尾腔进行冲洗并充分引流脓液,当梗阻解除后,患者的腹痛明显减轻,本研究中,33例患者术后腹痛完全缓解的中位时间为2 d,术后3 d复查阑尾直径为0.85 ± 0.28 cm。一项国内研究表明 [
本研究中的33例患者未出现穿孔、坏死、感染、术后出血、肠梗阻等并发症。在随访过程中,只有1例患者复发,复发率为3.0%。相关文献报道的ERAT并发症发生率为2.50% [
综上,超声引导ERAT在治疗急性阑尾炎方面具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少等优点,同时,这种治疗方法可以保留阑尾的正常生理功能,避免了放射性损伤。因此可作为治疗非复杂性阑尾炎的一种安全有效的方式。因此,对于非复杂性急性阑尾炎的治疗来说,超声引导ERAT是一种安全有效的选择。
云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”名医(XDYC-MY-2022-0007)。
李泗云,刘中建,刘界宇,黄继华,吉玉屏,张 帆. 33例超声引导ERAT治疗急性非复杂性阑尾炎临床分析Clinical Analysis of 33 Cases of Ultrasound-Guided Endoscopic Retrograde Appendicitis Therapy in the Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Appendicitis[J]. 临床医学进展, 2024, 14(01): 1216-1223. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2024.141176
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