NS Nursing Science 2168-5657 Scientific Research Publishing 10.12677/NS.2024.131015 NS-79636 NS20240100000_71433878.pdf 医药卫生 揿针联合神阙穴敷贴在混合痔术后腹胀便秘防治中的应用 The Application of Pressing Acupuncture Combined with Sticking & Dressing on Shenque Point in the Prevention and Treatment of Abdominal Distension and Constipation after Mixed Hemorrhoids 雪亮 1 2 3 1 3 1 4 1 1 2 渝涵 1 2 贵州中医药大学第一附属医院护理部,贵州 贵阳 贵州中医药大学第一附属医院肛肠科,贵州 贵阳 null 贵州中医药大学护理学院,贵州 贵阳 05 01 2024 13 01 93 98 © Copyright 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. 2014 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

目的:探讨揿针联合神阙穴敷贴在混合痔术后腹胀便秘中的防治效果。方法:回顾性分析2022年6月~2023年7月诊断为混合痔并行手术治疗患者的临床资料。按治疗方式不同分为对照组和治疗组。对照组行常规治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上予以揿针联合神阙穴敷贴治疗。对比术后两组患者腹胀和便秘情况、治疗7d临床疗效。结果:治疗组术后首次排气时间(21.57 ± 10.67) h、首次排便时间(31.10 ± 18.01) h,均较对照组的(30.60 ± 19.46) h、(46.77 ± 20.06) h短,且治疗组腹胀和便秘显效率均更高(P < 0.05);治疗7 d后,治疗组总有效率更高(P < 0.05)。结论:揿针联合神阙穴敷贴有助于改善混合痔患者术后腹胀和便秘情况,提高临床疗效。 Objective: To investigate the effect of pressing acupuncture combined with Sticking & Dressing on Shenque Point in preventing and treating postoperative abdominal distension and constipation of mixed hemorrhoids. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of patients diagnosed with mixed hemorrhoids and undergoing surgery from June 2022 to July 2023. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into control group and treatment group. The control group was treated with conventional treatment, and the treatment group was treated with pressing acupuncture combined with Sticking& Dressing on Shenque Point on the basis of the control group. The abdominal distension and constipation of the two groups were compared after surgery, and the clinical efficacy of 7 days of treatment was compared. Results: The time of first exhaust (21.57 ± 10.67) h and the time of first defecation (31.10 ± 18.01) h in the treatment group were shorter than those in the control group (30.60 ± 19.46) h and (46.77 ± 20.06) h, and the abdominal distension and constipation efficiency in the treatment group were higher (P < 0.05); After 7 days of treatment, the total effective rate in the treatment group was higher (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Pressing acupuncture combined with Sticking & Dressing on Shenque Point is helpful for improve postoperative abdominal distension and constipation in patients with mixed hemorrhoids, and enhance the clinical efficacy.

揿针,神阙穴敷贴,混合痔,腹胀,便秘, Pressing Acupuncture Sticking&Dressing on Shenque Point Mixed Hemorrhoids Abdominal Distension Constipation
摘要

目的:探讨揿针联合神阙穴敷贴在混合痔术后腹胀便秘中的防治效果。方法:回顾性分析2022年6月~2023年7月诊断为混合痔并行手术治疗患者的临床资料。按治疗方式不同分为对照组和治疗组。对照组行常规治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上予以揿针联合神阙穴敷贴治疗。对比术后两组患者腹胀和便秘情况、治疗7d临床疗效。结果:治疗组术后首次排气时间(21.57 ± 10.67) h、首次排便时间(31.10 ± 18.01) h,均较对照组的(30.60 ± 19.46) h、(46.77 ± 20.06) h短,且治疗组腹胀和便秘显效率均更高(P < 0.05);治疗7 d后,治疗组总有效率更高(P < 0.05)。结论:揿针联合神阙穴敷贴有助于改善混合痔患者术后腹胀和便秘情况,提高临床疗效。

关键词

揿针,神阙穴敷贴,混合痔,腹胀,便秘

The Application of Pressing Acupuncture Combined with Sticking & Dressing on Shenque Point in the Prevention and Treatment of Abdominal Distension and Constipation after Mixed Hemorrhoids<sup> </sup>

Xueliang Wang1, Yu Leng2*, Wei Xie2, Zhi Li3, Lei Chen1, Yuhan Peng1

1School of Nursing, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang Guizhou

2Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang Guizhou

3Department of Anorectology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang Guizhou

Received: Dec. 7th, 2023; accepted: Jan. 13th, 2024; published: Jan. 22nd, 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the effect of pressing acupuncture combined with Sticking & Dressing on Shenque Point in preventing and treating postoperative abdominal distension and constipation of mixed hemorrhoids. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of patients diagnosed with mixed hemorrhoids and undergoing surgery from June 2022 to July 2023. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into control group and treatment group. The control group was treated with conventional treatment, and the treatment group was treated with pressing acupuncture combined with Sticking& Dressing on Shenque Point on the basis of the control group. The abdominal distension and constipation of the two groups were compared after surgery, and the clinical efficacy of 7 days of treatment was compared. Results: The time of first exhaust (21.57 ± 10.67) h and the time of first defecation (31.10 ± 18.01) h in the treatment group were shorter than those in the control group (30.60 ± 19.46) h and (46.77 ± 20.06) h, and the abdominal distension and constipation efficiency in the treatment group were higher (P < 0.05); After 7 days of treatment, the total effective rate in the treatment group was higher (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Pressing acupuncture combined with Sticking & Dressing on Shenque Point is helpful for improve postoperative abdominal distension and constipation in patients with mixed hemorrhoids, and enhance the clinical efficacy.

Keywords:Pressing Acupuncture, Sticking & Dressing on Shenque Point, Mixed Hemorrhoids, Abdominal Distension, Constipation

Copyright © 2024 by author(s) and beplay安卓登录

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

1. 引言

研究表明,痔疾病在成年人群中的患病率为11% [ 1 ] 。其中混合痔在临床上最为多见,可表现为肛门部位疼痛、肿胀、分泌物或瘙痒 [ 2 ] 。混合痔常见的治疗方法有保守治疗和手术治疗,保守治疗效果欠佳或无效时手术为最佳治疗措施 [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] ,且根治痔最有效的方法亦是手术 [ 6 ] 。便秘是混合痔术后常见不良反应之一,易引起肛缘水肿、切口出血等,延缓伤口愈合,影响患者康复 [ 7 ] 。混合痔术后便秘与疼痛、肠道动力不足、肠道内水分过多吸收等多种因素相关 [ 7 ] 。西药治疗易导致口干、腹泻等不良反应,且易产生依赖性 [ 8 ] [ 9 ] 。近年来,中医疗法已逐步应用于混合痔术后便秘治疗,并取得一定疗效 [ 10 ] [ 11 ] 。本文探讨揿针联合神阙穴敷贴在防治混合痔患者术后便秘中的效果,疗效良好,现报道如下。

2. 资料和方法 2.1. 病例来源与分组

回顾性分析2022年6月~2023年7月于贵州中医药大学第一附属医院肛肠外科的混合痔术后患者60例。纳入标准:① 诊断为混合痔;② 住院期间行混合痔手术治疗;③ 临床资料完整。排除标准:① 术前合并消化系统疾病,如慢性便秘等;② 严重体质过敏;③ 多次手术史;④ 既往精神病史;⑤ 穴区皮肤破损、感染者。依据应用揿针和未应用揿针治疗分为治疗组与对照组,各30例。治疗组:女11例,男19例;年龄(41.83 ± 12.37)岁;病程(2.38 ± 2.87)年,对照组:女12例,男18例;年龄(40.70 ± 11.46)岁;病程(2.12 ± 1.96)年。两组一般资料比较无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。

2.2. 干预方法 2.2.1. 对照组

采用常规治疗。包括吸氧、心电监护、镇痛、补液、消炎等对症处理、术后6 h遵医嘱半流质饮食、之后逐步过渡到普食。术后第1天起,遵医嘱每天中药熏洗、换药等。

2.2.2. 治疗组

在对照组基础上予以揿针联合神阙穴敷贴治疗。

神阙穴敷贴治疗:敷贴由大黄、枳实、厚朴、木香、莪术按4:3:3:3:3组成。用法:术后当天,将上诉中药分别粉碎后用凡士林调成糊状物,之后将糊状物敷于肚脐,再用6 cm × 6 cm的医用敷料覆盖6~8 h。

揿针治疗:取中脘、关元和双侧天枢、内关和合谷穴。操作:在术后返回病房1 h内对患者行揿针治疗,嘱其仰卧位,常规消毒穴区皮肤,拆开揿针(规格:0.25 × 1.2 mm)密封纸,随后用镊子将揿针刺入所选穴位,之后以拇指指腹来按压患者局部,并以局部有酸、胀、麻感为宜。埋针时间为6 h/次,指导患者中间按压1次,每次约60 s。术后第1 d起,每天早上给患者行神阙穴敷贴和揿针治疗,治疗方法同术后当天,7 d为一个疗程,两组均连续治疗7 d。

2.3. 评价指标 2.3.1. 首次排气、排便时间

首次排气、排便时间:记录患者术后首次排气、排便时间。

2.3.2. 腹胀疗效标准

腹胀疗效标准 [ 12 ] :显效:24 h内有排气;有效:24~48 h内有排气;无效:48 h后有排气。

2.3.3. 便秘疗效标准

便秘疗效标准 [ 13 ] :治愈:48 h内有排便,便质转润且排便通畅;好转:72 h内有排便,便质转润但排便欠通畅;无效:症状无改善。显效率 = [显效例数/总例数] × 100%。

2.3.4. 临床疗效

临床疗效 [ 14 ] :于治疗一周后评价。治愈:无腹胀与便秘;显效:腹胀与便秘明显改善;有效:腹胀与便秘稍改善;无效:腹胀与便秘无改善。

2.4. 统计学方法

采用SPSS 26.0统计软件分析,定量资料若符合正态分布,用均数 ± 标准差( x ¯ ± s )表示,进行t检验;等级资料采用卡方检验。以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

3. 结果 3.1. 两组术后腹胀情况比较

治疗组术后首次排气时间更早,显效率更高(P < 0. 05)。见表1。

Comparison of postoperative abdominal distension between the two group
组别 首次排气时间(h, x ¯ ± s ) 显效 有效 无效 显效率(%)
对照组(n = 30) 30.60 ± 19.46 13 12 5 43.33
治疗组(n = 30) 21.57 ± 10.67* 21 9 0 70.00*

表1. 两组术后腹胀情况比较

注:与对照组比较,*P < 0.05。

3.2. 两组术后排便情况比较

术后治疗组的首次排便时间较对照组明显提前,显效率亦更高(P < 0.05)。见表2。

Comparison of postoperative defecation between the two group
组别 首次排便时间(h, x ¯ ± s ) 显效 有效 无效 显效率(%)
对照组(n = 30) 46.77 ± 20.06 15 11 4 86.67
治疗组(n = 30) 31.10 ± 18.01# 25 4 1 96.67#

表2. 两组术后排便情况比较

注:与对照组比较,#P < 0.01。

3.3. 两组临床疗效比较

治疗组术后总有效率更高(P < 0.05)。见表3。

Comparison of clinical efficacy between the two groups [n (%)
组别 治愈 显效 有效 无效 总有效率(%)
对照组(n = 30) 9 7 10 4 86.67
治疗组(n = 30) 15 11 3 1 96.67
P 0.04

表3. 两组临床疗效比较[n (%)]

4. 讨论

痔在肛肠科属于常见病和多发病,痔的患病率呈现出逐年升高的趋势 [ 15 ] 。患者术后由于疼痛、饮食及活动减少、肛垫区受损、直肠末梢神经刺激、精神心理因素等原因 [ 16 ] ,难免刻意减少排便次数、拖延首次排便时间,致使粪便干结难解、腹胀,最终导致便秘 [ 17 ] 。便秘一旦发生,患者久蹲怒责,易致切口撕裂、水肿,患者更加惧怕排便,如此恶性循环,不仅增加患者痛苦,延长住院时间,而且不利于伤口愈合 [ 18 ] 。因此,防治术后便秘的发生一直是肛肠疾病术后治疗的重中之重。

便秘属于中医学“大便不利”等范畴。中医认为,便秘发病的关键是大肠气机失调,其病位在大肠,而与脾肺肾密切相关。混合痔术后筋络血脉损伤,润泽荣养不足,脏腑失职,运化无权 [ 19 ] 。《素问·离合真邪论篇》有“吸则内针,无令气忤……无令邪布”的记载。揿针又称埋针法,为针法中浮刺及浅刺范畴,结合和应用腧穴、皮部理论,应用揿针刺激体穴,以达调节卫气、通经止痛、行气活血之功 [ 20 ] 。本研究穴取中脘、关元和双侧天枢、内关、合谷穴。中脘穴能健脾和胃、疏调肠腑、降逆利水、理气行滞;关元穴可发挥培元固本、补益下焦之功;天枢穴能梳理胃肠气机,滋润肠道,达到大肠传送有力,脏腑通调的作用。针刺天枢穴可起到提高交感神经兴奋水平的作用,进而激活肾上腺素能β1/2受体,最终对结肠运动产生效应 [ 21 ] 。内关穴可宽胸理气、和中降逆止痛;合谷穴能调畅气血、通利筋脉止痛。诸穴合用,共奏调畅气机、理气通腑之功。

对于混合痔患者,在手术切除病灶的同时,机体脏腑和气血损伤难以避免,导致血运不畅,进而脏腑功能受损 [ 9 ] [ 22 ] 。穴位贴敷具有药物和穴位的双重作用,其主要原理为通过中药的透皮吸收作用来刺激穴位,具有调畅脏腑气机、恢复运化传导的作用 [ 23 ] [ 24 ] 。近年来,穴位贴敷疗法防治混合痔术后腹胀便秘成为研究热点 [ 13 ] [ 25 ] 。在穴位敷贴疗法中,神阙穴具有独特应用价值 [ 26 ] 。神阙穴属任脉,为人体阴阳交通之总枢,具有和胃理肠之功。大黄具有清泻热结、攻下通便之功;枳实、厚朴合用,发挥行气导滞、下气除满的作用,具有泄大肠积热,腑气通之功 [ 22 ] ;木香可健脾消食;莪术有行气破血、通腑攻下的作用。诸药合用,共奏泻热通便、行气、健脾之功 [ 27 ] 。

本研究结果表明,治疗组术后腹胀情况及便秘情况均优于对照组,且术后7 d治疗组的总有效率更高。提示揿针联合神阙穴敷贴在防治混合痔术后腹胀便秘方面疗效突出,值得临床推广。

基金项目

贵州省中医药管理局中医药、民族医药科学技术研究课题(QZYY-2020-038)。

文章引用

王雪亮,冷 羽,谢 薇,李 志,陈 磊,彭渝涵. 揿针联合神阙穴敷贴在混合痔术后腹胀便秘防治中的应用 The Application of Pressing Acupuncture Combined with Sticking & Dressing on Shenque Point in the Prevention and Treatment of Abdominal Distension and Constipation after Mixed Hemorrhoids[J]. 护理学, 2024, 13(01): 93-98. https://doi.org/10.12677/NS.2024.131015

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