目的:探讨长链非编码RNA BANCR表达及TSHR甲基化与BRAFV600E突变的甲状腺乳头状癌的关系。方法:收集60例BRAFV600E突变的甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)患者癌组织样本60例和癌旁正常甲状腺组织样本60例(简称癌旁组织),上述所有PTC患者已采用荧光定量PCR (QPCR)检测分析上述各样本BANCR基因的表达水平,并应用甲基化特异性聚合酶链反应(Methylation-Specific Polymerase chain reac-tion, MSP)法检测上述各样本中TSHR基因启动子甲基化情况,并分析上述癌组织和癌旁组织中各样本基因表达水平和TSHR甲基化情况与BRAFV600E突变的PTC患者的临床病理特征之间的关系。结果:癌组织组:BANCR相对表达量为(1.55 ± 1.62),高表达率为66.67%,癌旁组织组分别为(0.74 ± 0.63和30%),癌组织显著高于癌旁组织(P < 0.05)。癌组织中,BANCR高表达与肿瘤的颈部淋巴结转移存在显著相关性(P < 0.05)。癌组织组中TSHR甲基化的发生率为93.3% (56/60),癌旁组织组中TSHR甲基化的发生率为18.3% (11/60),TSHR甲基化PTC患者例数显著高于非甲基化PTC患者,差异均具有统计学意义(P均 < 0.01)。癌组织中BANCR的表达水平及TSHR甲基化以及两者联合检测阳性例数均显著高于癌旁组织,差异具有统计学差异(P均 < 0.05),BANCR高表达联合TSHR甲基化对BRAFV600E突变的PTC诊断的灵敏度、特异性和准确性较单项检测均出现上升趋势,但仅灵敏度与单一检测相比差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论:BANCR高表达和TSHR甲基化均与BRAFV600E突变的PTC患者颈部淋巴结转移密切相关,与肿瘤的进展相关并提示不良预后。且BANCR高表达联合TSHR甲基化对BRAFV600E突变的PTC临床诊断具有较佳的灵敏度。 Objective: To investigate the relationship between long non-coding RNA BANCR expression and TSHR methylation and BRAFV600E-mutated papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods: Collecting 60 cancer tissue samples and 60 adjacent normal thyroid tissue samples (adjacent tissue) from 60 patients with BRAFV600E mutation in PTC, the expression levels of BANCR genes were analyzed for each of the above samples by fluorescence quantitative PCR (QPCR), and applied the methyla-tion-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) for promoter methylation of the TSHR gene in these samples, and analyzed the relationship between gene expression levels and TSHR methylation of each sample in both cancerous and adjacent tissues and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with PTC with BRAFV600E mutations. Results: The cancer tissue group: the relative expression level of BANCR was (1.55 ± 1.62), the high expression rate was 66.67%, and the adjacent tissue group was (0.74 ± 0.63 and 30%, respectively), and the cancer tissue was significantly higher than the adjacent tissue (P < 0.05). There is significant correlation between high BANCR expression and cervical lymph node metastasis in cancer tissues (P < 0.05). The incidence of TSHR methylation was 93.3% (56/60) in the cancer tissue group and 18.3% (11/60) in the paracancer tissue group, the number of TSHR methylated PTC patients was significantly higher than non-methylated PTC patients, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01). The expression level of BANCR, TSHR methylation and the number of positive cases were significantly higher than that of carcinoma tissue and statistically different (P < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of BANCR high expression combined with TSHR methylation for PTC diagnosis of BRAFV600E mutation showed an increasing trend compared with individual detection, but the sensitivity was statistically different compared with the single test (P < 0.05). Conclusion: High BANCR expression and TSHR methylation are closely related with cervical lymph node metastasis in PTC patients with BRAFV600E mutation, which is associated with tumor progression and indicates poor prognosis. Moreover, high expression of BANCR combined with TSHR methylation has better sensitivity for clinical diagnosis of PTC with BRAFV600E mutation.
目的:探讨长链非编码RNA BANCR表达及TSHR甲基化与BRAFV600E突变的甲状腺乳头状癌的关系。方法:收集60例BRAFV600E突变的甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)患者癌组织样本60例和癌旁正常甲状腺组织样本60例(简称癌旁组织),上述所有PTC患者已采用荧光定量PCR (QPCR)检测分析上述各样本BANCR基因的表达水平,并应用甲基化特异性聚合酶链反应(Methylation-Specific Polymerase chain reaction, MSP)法检测上述各样本中TSHR基因启动子甲基化情况,并分析上述癌组织和癌旁组织中各样本基因表达水平和TSHR甲基化情况与BRAFV600E突变的PTC患者的临床病理特征之间的关系。结果:癌组织组:BANCR相对表达量为(1.55 ± 1.62),高表达率为66.67%,癌旁组织组分别为(0.74 ± 0.63和30%),癌组织显著高于癌旁组织(P < 0.05)。癌组织中,BANCR高表达与肿瘤的颈部淋巴结转移存在显著相关性(P < 0.05)。癌组织组中TSHR甲基化的发生率为93.3% (56/60),癌旁组织组中TSHR甲基化的发生率为18.3% (11/60),TSHR甲基化PTC患者例数显著高于非甲基化PTC患者,差异均具有统计学意义(P均 < 0.01)。癌组织中BANCR的表达水平及TSHR甲基化以及两者联合检测阳性例数均显著高于癌旁组织,差异具有统计学差异(P均 < 0.05),BANCR高表达联合TSHR甲基化对BRAFV600E突变的PTC诊断的灵敏度、特异性和准确性较单项检测均出现上升趋势,但仅灵敏度与单一检测相比差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论:BANCR高表达和TSHR甲基化均与BRAFV600E突变的PTC患者颈部淋巴结转移密切相关,与肿瘤的进展相关并提示不良预后。且BANCR高表达联合TSHR甲基化对BRAFV600E突变的PTC临床诊断具有较佳的灵敏度。
BANCR高表达,TSHR甲基化,基因突变,BRAFV600E突变
Bo Yu, Ning Xu*, Bo Yang, Xiyuan Sun, Jiaxing Yao, Weiye Fan, Songpu Li, Fuling Dou, Yang Li
Thyroid Surgery Department, Qiqihar First Hospital, Qiqihar Heilongjiang
Received: Dec. 2nd, 2023; accepted: Jan. 2nd, 2024; published: Jan. 11th, 2024
Objective: To investigate the relationship between long non-coding RNA BANCR expression and TSHR methylation and BRAFV600E-mutated papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods: Collecting 60 cancer tissue samples and 60 adjacent normal thyroid tissue samples (adjacent tissue) from 60 patients with BRAFV600Emutation in PTC, the expression levels of BANCR genes were analyzed for each of the above samples by fluorescence quantitative PCR (QPCR), and applied the methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) for promoter methylation of the TSHR gene in these samples, and analyzed the relationship between gene expression levels and TSHR methylation of each sample in both cancerous and adjacent tissues and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with PTC with BRAFV600Emutations. Results: The cancer tissue group: the relative expression level of BANCR was (1.55 ± 1.62), the high expression rate was 66.67%, and the adjacent tissue group was (0.74 ± 0.63 and 30%, respectively), and the cancer tissue was significantly higher than the adjacent tissue (P < 0.05). There is significant correlation between high BANCR expression and cervical lymph node metastasis in cancer tissues (P < 0.05). The incidence of TSHR methylation was 93.3% (56/60) in the cancer tissue group and 18.3% (11/60) in the paracancer tissue group, the number of TSHR methylated PTC patients was significantly higher than non-methylated PTC patients, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01). The expression level of BANCR, TSHR methylation and the number of positive cases were significantly higher than that of carcinoma tissue and statistically different (P < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of BANCR high expression combined with TSHR methylation for PTC diagnosis of BRAFV600Emutation showed an increasing trend compared with individual detection, but the sensitivity was statistically different compared with the single test (P < 0.05). Conclusion: High BANCR expression and TSHR methylation are closely related with cervical lymph node metastasis in PTC patients with BRAFV600Emutation, which is associated with tumor progression and indicates poor prognosis. Moreover, high expression of BANCR combined with TSHR methylation has better sensitivity for clinical diagnosis of PTC with BRAFV600Emutation.
Keywords:BANCR High Expression, TSHR Methylation, Gene Mutation, BRAFV600EMutation
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PTC是甲状腺癌中最常见的病理组织学亚型,占85%~90%,发病率也有在逐年上升 [
长链非编码RNA-BANCR (BRAF-activated long noncoding RNA, LncRNA BANCR)由BRAF突变激活,研究发现BANCR基因在不同的恶性肿瘤中有特异性的表达和功能,其在甲状腺癌中主要作为致癌基因,它通过改变细胞增殖、迁移来影响肿瘤的发生 [
PTC癌组织和癌旁组织标本均为新鲜样本,选自2022年1月~2022年12月在齐齐哈尔市第一医院甲状腺外科经手术病理和基因检测证实为PTC并伴有BRAFV600E突变的患者60例,并分为癌组织组60例,癌旁组织组60例。60例患者中男16例,女44例;年龄18~69岁,平均(50.81 ± 7.61)岁;侵及被膜51例,无侵及9例;淋巴结转移49例,无转移11例;肿瘤直径 ≤ 1 cm 26例,>1 cm 34例;单发病灶22例,多发病灶38例。术前未接受放化疗等治疗。
PCR (quantitative real-time PCR, QPCR)检测采用TRIzol试剂提取PTC组织和细胞总RNA,通过逆转录梅逆转录成cDNA (complementary DNA)后,制备标准曲线样品,标准曲线样品和待测样品分别加入到含SG的RealTime PCR反应液中(其中TaqBead热启动聚合酶来自Promega公司),进行RealTime PCR扩增和检测。结果采用2-ΔΔCt法计算目的基因相对表达量,相对表达量 > 0.01为高表达。
PCR (Methylation specific PCR, MSP)法检测TSHR甲基化 [
采用SPSS26.0统计学软件对本研究的计量数据和计数数据进行分析。数据以平均数 ± 标准差、率(%)等进行表示,采用卡方检验对计数数据进行分析,采用t检验对计量数据进行分析,P ≤ 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
通过QPCR实验及MSP法在60例成对BRAFV600E突变的PTC癌组织和癌旁组织中检测TSHR甲基化情况及BANCR的表达水平,癌组织TSHR甲基化率93.30% (56/60),癌旁组织35% (21/60),TSHR甲基化BRAFV600E突变的PTC患者例数显著高于非甲基化BRAFV600E突变的PTC患者,差异均具有统计学意义(P均 < 0.01)。癌组织BANCR相对表达量为(1.55 ± 1.62),高表达率为66.67% (40/60),癌旁组织BANCR相对表达量(0.74 ± 0.63),高表达率30% (18/60),相比于对应的癌旁组织,PTC癌组织内BANCR表达上调明显,差异有统计学意义(t = 2.192, P < 0.05, X2= 16.151, P < 0.001),癌组织中TSHR甲基化和BANCR的表达水平以及两者结合分别检测出的阳性例数均显著高于癌旁组织,差异具有统计学差异(P均 < 0.001),见表1。
组织 | 例数 | TSHR | BANCR | BANCR + TSHR | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
甲基化 | 非甲基化 | 高表达 | 低表达 | 阳性 | 阴性 | ||
癌组织 | 60 | 56 (93.30) | 4 (6.70) | 40 (66.67) | 20 (33.33) | 57 (95.00) | 3 (5.0) |
癌旁组织 | 60 | 21 (35.00) | 39 (65.00) | 18 (30.00) | 42 (70.00) | 12 (20.00) | 48 (80.00) |
X2 | 44.397 | 16.151 | 69.054 | ||||
P | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
表1. 各组TSHR和BANCR在癌组织中甲基化程度与高表达水平比较(例,%)
BRAFV600E突变的PTC肿瘤组织内BANCR表达水平与性别、侵及被膜、多灶癌、肿瘤直径 > 1 cm无显著性差异,本研究中,颈部淋巴结转移BRAFV600E突变的PTC患者BANCR高表达例数显著高于低表达PTC患者。本研究认为,癌组织中TSHR基因分别在侵及被膜、多灶癌、淋巴结转移中表现出显著的高甲基化(P均 < 0.05),而在不同性别、肿瘤直径 > 1 cm组间甲基化率差异无统计学意义,见表2。
临床病理因素 | 例数 | BANCR高表达 | X2 | P | TSHR甲基化 | X2 | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[例(%)] | [例(%)] | ||||||
性别 | |||||||
男 | 16 | 10 (62.5) | 0.17 | 0.68 | 15 (93.75) | 0.006 | 0.938 |
女 | 44 | 30 (68.2) | 41 (93.2) | ||||
直径 | |||||||
≤1 cm | 26 | 17 (65.4) | 0.034 | 0.854 | 23 (88.5) | 1.75 | 0.186 |
>1 cm | 34 | 23 (67.6) | 33 (97.1) | ||||
颈淋巴结转移 | |||||||
是 | 49 | 39 (79.6) | 20.093 | <0.001 | 48 (98) | 9.192 | 0.002 |
否 | 11 | 1 (9.1) | 8 (72.2) | ||||
侵及被膜 | |||||||
是 | 51 | 32 (62.7) | 2.353 | 0.125 | 49 (96.1) | 4.118 | 0.042 |
否 | 9 | 8 (88.9) | 7 (77.8) | ||||
病灶数量 | |||||||
多灶 | 38 | 25 (65.8) | 0.036 | 0.85 | 38 (100) | 7.403 | 0.007 |
单灶 | 22 | 15 (68.2) | 18 (81.8) |
表2. BANCR高表达和TSHR甲基化与患者主要临床病理因素的相关性分析(例,%)
TSHR甲基化联合BANCR高表达对BRAFV600E突变的PTC诊断的特异性和准确性与单项检测数据相比均表现升高趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P < 0.05),而TSHR甲基化联合BANCR高表达可明显提高BRAFV600E突变的PTC诊断的灵敏度,差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05),见表3。
检测指标 | 特异性 | 灵敏度 | 准确性 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
BANCR高表达 | 70 | 66.67 | 68.97 | |
TSHR甲基化 | 65 | 93.33 | 72.73 | |
BANCR高表达 + TSHR甲基化 | 80 | 95 | 82.61 | |
X2 | 3.447 | 23.791 | 5.617 | |
P | 0.178 | <0.001 | 0.06 |
表3. 两项指标对PTC诊断的特异性、灵敏度和准确性比较分析/%
甲状腺癌的发病率居内分泌系统恶性肿瘤之首,我国的甲状腺癌的发病率也呈上升的趋势,甲状腺癌的5年存活率为67.5% [
我们发现术前基因检测有助于甲状腺癌的早期诊治,但目前尚缺乏用于甲状腺癌检测的理想遗传基因标记物。近年来,lncRNA作为甲状腺癌发病机制中的新兴分子,研究发现长链非编码RNA-BANCR在不同的恶性肿瘤中有特异性的表达和功能,它通过改变细胞增殖、迁移来影响肿瘤的发生,为诊断和预后预测提供了新的思路,其作为新的分子治疗靶点,有望为PTC的全面治疗提供更好的方案。
另一热点研究是基因甲基化,它是一种表观遗传修饰,DNA高甲基化可引起染色体结构改变,不能与转录因子结合,进而导致基因失活。正常组织的肿瘤抑制基因不发生甲基化,当抑癌基因发生甲基化后,就不能正常转录、翻译合成抑癌蛋白及发挥抑癌作用,细胞就有可能发生单克隆增生形成肿瘤。TSHR基因是甲状腺特异性基因,也是甲状腺癌的抑制基因,BRAF基因突变与TSHR的表达密切相关,TSHR的高甲基化是PTC发生、发展的关键因素。
已有研究示:患者病理为多发癌灶、肿瘤最大径 > 1 cm及年龄小于45岁与PTC淋巴结转移情况密切相关 [
本课题结果显示在60例成对BRAFV600E突变的PTC癌组织和癌旁组织中检测BANCR的表达水平及TSHR甲基化情况,相比于对应的癌旁组织,PTC肿瘤组织内BANCR表达上调明显,差异有统计学意义(X2= 16.151, P < 0.001),TSHR甲基化BRAFV600E突变的PTC患者例数显著高于非甲基化BRAFV600E突变的PTC患者,差异均具有统计学意义(P均 < 0.01)。与其他学者的研究结论的34%~87% [
另外,我们研究发现BRAFV600E突变的PTC患者肿瘤组织内BANCR表达水平与不同性别、是否侵及被膜、是否多灶癌及不同肿瘤直径等病理特征无显著性差异,但BRAFV600E突变的PTC伴有颈部淋巴结转移患者BANCR高表达例数与低表达BRAFV600E突变的PTC患者相比明显升高,同时癌组织中TSHR基因分别在侵及被膜、多灶癌、淋巴结转移的PTC患者中表现出显著的高甲基化(P均 < 0.05),表明TSHR的甲基化和BANCR高表达预示着BRAFV600E突变的PTC患者发生淋巴结转移风险较高且预后相对较差,从而对该癌症的临床诊断及术后复发风险评估具有一定价值。
同时BANCR高表达联合TSHR甲基化对BRAFV600E突变的PTC诊断的特异性、灵敏度和准确性与单项检测数据相比均表现升高趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P < 0.05),而仅灵敏度与两项指标单一检测相比差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05),表明BANCR表达联合TSHR甲基化检测在BRAFV600E突变的PTC的诊断中具有较高灵敏度,目前术前FNAC检查联合基因检测指标是术前诊断PTC的研究热点,因此可以将我们研究的两种基因结论作为术前诊断PTC的分子生物学指标,但目前仍存在不足,后续将增加样本量对该应用进行深入研究。
综上,与癌旁正常组织相比,BRAFV600E突变的PTC中TSHR甲基化程度明显升高,同时TSHR甲基化与原发灶数量、被膜侵犯、淋巴转移有关,BANCR表达和TSHR甲基化与BRAFV600E突变的PTC患者颈部淋巴结转移情况密切相关,且对PTC临床诊断具有较佳的灵敏度。因此BANCR高表达和TSHR基因的甲基化失活可能促进PTC进展和转移复发,并预示了不良预后。同时,该基因的甲基化与BRAFV600E突变之间的关系值得大样本临床研究进一步深入探讨。
黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(合同编号LH2021H115)。
于 波,徐 宁,杨 博,孙玺媛,姚佳兴,樊伟业,李松埔,窦福林,李 扬. LncRNA BANCR表达与TSHR甲基化在BRAFV600E突变的甲状腺乳头状癌中的研究The Study of LncRNA BANCR Expression and TSHR Methylation in BRAFV600EMutated PTC[J]. 世界肿瘤研究, 2024, 14(01): 13-19. https://doi.org/10.12677/WJCR.2024.141003
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