慢性支气管炎是我国成人呼吸系统组织相关疾病中较为常见及多发的一种慢性病。属中医“咳嗽”范畴。熊燕教授认为该病主要病机不离“正虚、气郁、痰浊、血瘀”,提出本病急性加重期主要表现为气郁痰阻,治以止咳化痰、宣肺清热兼益气为法,其缓解期则主要与正虚、血瘀为主,治疗上以扶正补虚、活血化瘀为法,紧抓该病“正虚、气郁、痰浊、血瘀”的核心病机,临床辨证用药,疗效显著。现简介熊燕教授扶正的思想在慢性支气管炎中的运用,并附病案2则,以飨同道。 Chronic bronchitis is a common and frequent chronic disease in adult respiratory system related diseases in China. It belongs to the category of “cough” in Chinese medicine. Professor Xiong Yan be-lieves that the main pathogenesis of the disease is “positive deficiency, Qi stagnation, phlegm tur-bidity and blood stasis”, and puts forward that the acute exacerbation of the disease is mainly man-ifested as Qi stagnation and phlegm obstruction, and the treatment is to relieve cough and phlegm and dissipate lung heat and benefit Qi as the method, and the remission period is mainly related to positive deficiency and blood stasis, and the treatment is to Fuzheng tonifying deficiency, activating blood stasis as the method, and firmly grasping the core pathogenesis of the disease “positive defi-ciency, Qi stagnation, phlegm turbidity and blood stasis”. Clinical differentiation of the drug, the ef-fect is remarkable. This article briefly introduces the application of Professor Xiong Yan’s righting thought in chronic bronchitis, and provides 2 cases.
慢性支气管炎是我国成人呼吸系统组织相关疾病中较为常见及多发的一种慢性病。属中医“咳嗽”范畴。熊燕教授认为该病主要病机不离“正虚、气郁、痰浊、血瘀”,提出本病急性加重期主要表现为气郁痰阻,治以止咳化痰、宣肺清热兼益气为法,其缓解期则主要与正虚、血瘀为主,治疗上以扶正补虚、活血化瘀为法,紧抓该病“正虚、气郁、痰浊、血瘀”的核心病机,临床辨证用药,疗效显著。现简介熊燕教授扶正的思想在慢性支气管炎中的运用,并附病案2则,以飨同道。
咳嗽,慢性支气管炎,名医经验,熊燕
Linyi Nie1*, Zhihao Xiong1, Zhili He2, Yan Xiong3#
1Graduate School of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang Jiangxi
2Department of General Medicine, Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang Jiangxi
3Chief Physician of Xiong Yan Old Chinese Medicine Studio, Nanchang Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang Jiangxi
Received: Oct. 18th, 2023; accepted: Dec. 18th, 2023; published: Dec. 27th, 2023
Chronic bronchitis is a common and frequent chronic disease in adult respiratory system related diseases in China. It belongs to the category of “cough” in Chinese medicine. Professor Xiong Yan believes that the main pathogenesis of the disease is “positive deficiency, Qi stagnation, phlegm turbidity and blood stasis”, and puts forward that the acute exacerbation of the disease is mainly manifested as Qi stagnation and phlegm obstruction, and the treatment is to relieve cough and phlegm and dissipate lung heat and benefit Qi as the method, and the remission period is mainly related to positive deficiency and blood stasis, and the treatment is to Fuzheng tonifying deficiency, activating blood stasis as the method, and firmly grasping the core pathogenesis of the disease “positive deficiency, Qi stagnation, phlegm turbidity and blood stasis”. Clinical differentiation of the drug, the effect is remarkable. This article briefly introduces the application of Professor Xiong Yan’s righting thought in chronic bronchitis, and provides 2 cases.
Keywords:Cough, Chronic Bronchitis, Experience of Famous Doctors, Xiong Yan
Copyright © 2023 by author(s) and beplay安卓登录
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
慢性支气管炎是我国成人呼吸系统组织相关疾病中较为常见及多发的一种慢性病,易反复发作,常见中老年人,是一种以气管、支气管黏膜及其周围组织炎症性改变为主的慢性呼吸系统疾病 [
熊燕教授、主任医师是全国第三批名老中医学术经验传承与指导老师,临证近40余年,治学严谨,学验俱丰,临证尤重后天脾胃,紧抓“正气内存,邪不可干”,强调脾胃气机枢纽之升降在疾病发展过程中的重要影响,熊教授认为慢性支气管炎不应只用清肺、补肺之法,更应看到脾胃作为气机枢纽对该病发生、发展的影响,秋冬外感最易侵袭机体,临床肺系疾病频发,熊师总结其“正虚、气郁、痰浊、血瘀”的核心病机,临证治疗上采取扶正祛邪、理气解郁、祛湿化痰、活血化瘀等法施治,近3月诊疗百余人,每收良效。现就熊燕教授从脾论治慢性支气管炎经验介绍如下。
慢性支气管炎中医学体系内没有单独和明确的病名,根据其发病时的相关临床表现,熊教授认为其当归属于祖国医学中“喘证”、“咳嗽”、“痰饮”等范畴,且在多年的临床诊治过程中发现,“痰浊”是该病发生发展阶段的主要矛盾,病位涉及肺、脾、肾三脏。《张聿青医案·痰湿痰气》中论述道:“痰湿之变态,如阻塞营卫而为寒热……传变种种。”痰湿阻滞则使各脏腑经络功能紊乱,气机升降出入无序,气津代谢输布紊乱,且痰湿为病变化多端,上可扰清窍,下可使飨泄 [
因患者咳嗽反复迁延不愈,久病咳喘,致邪气留恋,耗伤肺气,子病及母,脾气亏虚,脾之运化不能,水湿不能顺利输布,酿湿生痰,痰气搏结上归于肺,壅遏气机,耗而伤肺气。或长期饮食不调或劳倦,脾胃正气受损,土不生金,累及于肺脏,使其宣降失司 [
熊教授认为标实是慢性支气管炎的急性加重期的主要矛盾,其临床病机表现气郁痰阻,痰热交杂,其治疗原则当标本兼顾,祛邪的同时注意扶正,以理气止咳、清热化痰为基本治法。用清肺化痰汤加减治疗,具体方药如下:黄芪,党参,麻黄,前胡,蝉蜕,僵蚕,厚朴,法半夏,连翘,重楼,陈皮,桑白皮,神曲,炙甘草,桔梗,浙贝母,黄花地丁。方中黄芪、党参补益肺脾之气、强固卫气;麻黄宣肺止咳,共为君药。前胡、桔梗清肺热、止咳化痰,共为臣药;蝉蜕、僵蚕相配伍,能疏散肺经风热、化痰散结、解痉止咳;陈皮、神曲健脾和胃、消导助化、利湿祛饮,半夏、厚朴行气除满,使痰饮无由为生,为佐药;熊教授认为外感咳嗽为邪毒所患,宜早用清解邪毒之品,以防止传变,故入连翘、重楼、浙贝母、桑白皮、蒲公英以清肺化痰、利咽喉、消疮肿。甘草与桔梗配伍,既可利咽和化痰,又能调和诸药,为使药。诸药协同,使痰热消,卫气盛,咳嗽止,为标本兼治之妙法。在上方的基础上,熊教授辨证论治,随证加减:伴胸闷者,可加柴胡;大便稀溏无形者,加茯苓、炒白术、山药;口干渴者,加人参、天花粉;血瘀者可加赤芍、川芎等;现阳明证者,加大黄、芒硝;喉中痰鸣喘息,不能安然平卧者,加半夏、厚朴、杏仁。
熊教授认为本病缓解期多以虚为主,肺脾气虚亦或肺肾气虚,均由后天脾土失其健运所致,脾为生痰之源,强调中焦脾土亏损而不治水,使津停液阻而湿浊内生,肺主通调水道,脾土受损,水液代谢失常,肺之通调紊乱,湿停于肺,故有肺为储痰之器之说 [
验案1:患者聂某某,女,55岁,2020年3月10日初诊。患者诉3年前因受凉后便一直出现咳嗽、咳痰,每次自行口服感冒咳嗽药物,症状虽有缓解,但反复发作,15天前再次出现咳嗽、有痰,自觉胸中满闷,呼吸不畅,口服用小柴胡及999感冒冲剂后,咳嗽、胸闷等症状不能缓解。刻下:咳嗽,咳黄浓痰,伴心胸憋闷、呼吸气促而短急,时有头晕、头痛,夜寐差,入睡难,多梦易醒,食纳差,小便偏黄,大便初干后稀。舌质淡红,舌尖有点刺,苔黄厚稍腻,边有齿痕,寸脉偏浮,关脉滑数,尺稍沉。中医辨病为咳嗽,证属痰热蕴肺证。治以止咳化痰、宣肺清热兼益气为法,予清肺化痰汤加减化裁,具体药物如下:黄芪24 g,柴胡18 g,麻黄18 g,黄连9 g,党参10 g,陈皮24 g,桑白皮24 g,浙贝12 g,重楼12 g,前胡10 g,法半夏18 g,僵蚕6 g,厚朴12 g,连翘12 g,黄芩12 g,神曲12 g,蝉蜕9 g,桔梗18 g,黄花地丁12 g,炙甘草12 g。初诊予7剂,嘱其日1剂,水煎服,每日2次,早晚饭后半小时分服。
二诊(2020年3月17日):服上药后咳嗽、咳痰、胸闷气短明显缓解,头痛,有少量黏痰,咽痒,夜寐欠安,纳一般,小便稍黄,大便调。舌暗,苔黄,脉细。在上方基础上减神曲、麻黄、前胡,柴胡减量12 g,加白芷12 g,当归20 g,蔓荆子12 g,葛根24 g,川芎15 g。服14剂,服法同上。4月复诊已无明显异常。
按:根据患者临床表现:小便偏黄,大便初干后稀。舌质淡红,舌尖有点刺,苔黄厚稍腻,边有齿痕,寸脉偏浮,关脉滑数等辨证为痰热壅肺证。痰热阻遏胸中气机则有胸闷气短;痰蒙清窍,则头晕、头痛;痰浊中阻,脾胃运化失司,则纳差;舌体淡红,苔两边有齿痕,苔中黄厚腻,脉弦滑数等为痰热湿重而壅肺的征象,予清肺化痰汤加减化裁。方中麻黄宣肺止咳;予黄芪补中益气;连翘、重楼清热解毒;浙贝母、桑白皮、蒲公英以清肺化痰;前胡宣降肺气,桔梗祛痰止咳的同时载药归肺;蝉蜕疏散肺经风热、解痉平喘止咳、化痰散结;半夏、厚朴降其气逆;神曲利湿消导、健脾和胃;柴胡、黄芩、黄连解少阳胸闷同时清上中二焦之热,甘草调和上述诸药。二诊咳嗽、咳痰较前明显好转,仍有头痛,咳少量黏痰,咽痒,苔黄。咳嗽咳痰明显改善,故去除神曲,麻黄,前胡;疲乏、脉细,加当归以取当归补血汤之意;头昏,舌暗,痰瘀互结,故加用川芎,蔓荆子,葛根,白芷活血升阳通络。
验案2:患者关某某,男,48岁,2020年7月20日初诊。患者3年前劳作汗出后出现气短乏力,咳嗽、咳痰症状反复频繁发作,天气变化时明显,未规律治疗,症状逐渐加重,就诊于当地医院,予祛痰、止咳等对症处理后症状缓解不明显,刻下症见:面白,口唇淡滞,声低,自述易汗出,汗出时畏风,每因天气变化诱发咳嗽、咳痰,食纳差,大便日行3次,稀溏便,舌体淡白,舌下脉络淡滞,舌苔薄白,边有齿痕,三部脉皆沉细弱。辨病为咳嗽,辨证为肺脾气虚证。治以补肺益气、健脾止咳为法,方选补肺益气化痰汤加减化裁,具体方药如下:当归12 g,黄芪24 g,桔梗18 g,紫苏子12 g,党参12 g,茯苓24 g,炒枳壳12 g,炒白术12 g,陈皮12 g,三七粉6 g,白芥子9 g,法半夏12 g,炒谷芽24 g,炒麦芽24 g,生姜12 g,大枣12 g,炙甘草6 g。予7剂,水煎服,日1剂,每日2次,早晚饭后分服。二诊(2020年7月28日):服上药后咳嗽明显缓解,汗出畏风缓解,大便成形,饮食改善,观其面色较初诊时大为改善。继服7剂巩固疗效。
按:该患者病程日久,正气虚弱,表现为气短声低、畏风、自汗、易感冒等症状,其表虚卫气不固,气虚运血无力,面白无华。食少,便溏,脾土湿阻,四诊合参,证属肺脾虚弱之证、卫外无力,故以补肺益气化痰汤加减化裁,寓以补肺益气健脾,化痰祛湿止咳之用。方中党参、甘草补中焦之脾土,白术、茯苓利中土之水湿,即四君子汤之意培补中土、健脾实脾,生姜、大枣助脾土生化有源,正气内存以绝生痰之源。半夏降气燥湿、陈皮理气化痰使痰去而咳止,助枣苓术利其水湿,白芥子、紫苏子共奏温肺降逆化痰,桔梗载药上行于肺的同时宣肺化痰,五药与健脾实脾之药共行使痰去无以生;当归、黄芪取当归补血汤之意气血双补,同时酌加三七补血活血、强壮补虚,炒枳壳助气机升降,使气行而补而不滞;谷、麦芽助苓、术、草健脾开胃,并可调节脾胃升降。
熊燕教授认为该病主要病机不离“正虚、气郁、痰浊、血瘀”,提出本病急性加重期主要表现为气郁痰阻,治以宣肺止咳、清热益气化痰为法,其缓解期则主要与正虚、血瘀为主,治以扶正补虚、活血化瘀为法,紧抓该病“正虚、气郁、痰浊、血瘀”的核心病机,临床辨证用药,疗效显著。
2022年全国名老中医药专家传承工作室建设项目(国中医药人教函〔2022〕75号)。
聂麟懿,熊志豪,贺志力,熊 燕. 熊燕教授治疗慢性支气管炎经验总结Summary of Professor Xiong Yan’s Experience in Treating Chronic Bronchitis[J]. 中医学, 2023, 12(12): 3553-3557. https://doi.org/10.12677/TCM.2023.1212528
https://doi.org/10.27253/d.cnki.gnjzu.2022.000132
https://doi.org/10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20230808.102, 2023-09-08.