目的:调查分析目前临床护士职业认同及离职意愿现状,制定有效的干预措施,以此来稳定护理队伍、提高护理水平。方法:从某民营医院各科室随机抽取120名在职护士,采取问卷调查的方法,调查分析出护士职业认同感、离职意愿情况。结果:该医院护士职业认同得分为(92.54 ± 14.26)分,处于中等水平;护士离职意愿总均分为(2.43 ± 0.25),且职业认同同离职意愿之间为负相关关系。结论:医院应制定有效措施来提高护士职业认同感,以此来降低离职意愿,有利于护士队伍的稳定性,确保医院正常运营。 Objective: To investigate and analyze the current situation of clinical nurses’ professional identity and turnover intention, and formulate effective intervention measures to stabilize the nursing team and improve the nursing level. Methods: 120 on-the-job nurses were randomly selected from each department of a private hospital, and the professional identity and turnover intention of nurses were investigated and analyzed by questionnaire. Results: The profes-sional identity score of nurses in the hospital was (92.54 ± 14.26), which was at the medium level; the total average score of nurses’ turnover intention was (2.43 ± 0.25), and there was a negative correlation between professional identity and turnover intention. Conclusion: The hospital should formulate effective measures to improve the professional identity of nurses, so as to reduce the turnover intention, which is conducive to the stability of nurses and ensure the normal operation of the hospital.
目的:调查分析目前临床护士职业认同及离职意愿现状,制定有效的干预措施,以此来稳定护理队伍、提高护理水平。方法:从某民营医院各科室随机抽取120名在职护士,采取问卷调查的方法,调查分析出护士职业认同感、离职意愿情况。结果:该医院护士职业认同得分为(92.54 ± 14.26)分,处于中等水平;护士离职意愿总均分为(2.43 ± 0.25),且职业认同同离职意愿之间为负相关关系。结论:医院应制定有效措施来提高护士职业认同感,以此来降低离职意愿,有利于护士队伍的稳定性,确保医院正常运营。
民营医院,护士,职业认同,离职意愿
Jianping Yu*, Ronghua Zhou, Rong Zhou, Juan He, Lingling Liu, Guihua Xia
Obstetric Department, Hanyang Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan Hubei
Received: May 2nd, 2023; accepted: Jun. 14th, 2023; published: Jun. 25th, 2023
Objective: To investigate and analyze the current situation of clinical nurses’ professional identity and turnover intention, and formulate effective intervention measures to stabilize the nursing team and improve the nursing level. Methods: 120 on-the-job nurses were randomly selected from each department of a private hospital, and the professional identity and turnover intention of nurses were investigated and analyzed by questionnaire. Results: The professional identity score of nurses in the hospital was (92.54 ± 14.26), which was at the medium level; the total average score of nurses’ turnover intention was (2.43 ± 0.25), and there was a negative correlation between professional identity and turnover intention. Conclusion: The hospital should formulate effective measures to improve the professional identity of nurses, so as to reduce the turnover intention, which is conducive to the stability of nurses and ensure the normal operation of the hospital.
Keywords:Private Hospital, Nurse, Professional Identity, Turnover Intention
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新时代下,护理队伍不稳定性日益突出,高强度工作及社会支持较低,使得护士纷纷离职。其中,职业认同感低是造成护士离职的主要原因 [
从某民营医院随机抽取120名在职护士,均为女性,主要来自于门诊、住院部病区、手术室、消毒供应室等科室。其中,最小年龄21岁,最大年龄43岁;主管护师20名,护师40名,护士60名。纳入资格:具有护士资格证;任职时间超过三个月;身体健康,无任何疾病;对本次研究内容知情,自愿参与。排除标准:不是本医院护士,如实习生、进修生;退休;请假。
1) 护士职业认同量表
本研究选择彭亚,赵莉,范静 [
2) 护士离职意愿调查表
本研究选择聂玉翠,杨浚恒,李喆 [
本研究统一发放调查问卷,全部护士独立完成,当场回收,回收率为100%。
针对研究过程中产生的大量数据,本研究选择使用SPSS 21.0统计学软件,其中采取( x ¯ ± s )的形式统计计量资料,并通过t进行检验;以[n(%)]的方式表示计数质量,并接受χ2检验。若P < 0.05则表明两组数据具有差异性。另外,采用Pearson相关性分析法分析两者之间的关系。
据统计,该民营医院护士职业认同总分为(92.54 ± 14.26)分,处于中等水平。其中,职业认知评价分值最高,职业挫折应对分值最低,详见表1。
项目 | 得分 |
---|---|
职业认知评价 | 29.02 ± 4.27 |
职业社会支持 | 19.47 ± 3.21 |
职业社交技能 | 18.28 ± 2.92 |
职业自我反思 | 16.91 ± 2.26 |
职业挫折应对 | 9.47 ± 1.41 |
职业认同总得分 | 92.54 ± 14.26 |
表1. 临床护士职业认同得分情况( x ¯ ± s ,分)
据统计,护士离职医院总均分为(2.43 ± 0.25),该医院护士离职意愿总体程度较高。四个等级中人数分配比例为:很低10人(6.8%)、较低54人(36.73%)、较高74人(50.35%)、很高9人(6.12%),详见表2。
分量表 | 条目数 | 理论最高分 | 实际得分 |
---|---|---|---|
离职意愿Ⅰ | 2 | 4 | 2.45 ± 0.42 |
离职意愿Ⅱ | 2 | 4 | 2.52 ± 0.61 |
离职意愿Ⅲ | 2 | 4 | 2.61 ± 0.66 |
表2. 临床护士离职意愿得分情况( x ¯ ± s )
据统计,通过Pearson相关性分析得知,职业认同总分及五个维度同离职意愿之间为负相关关系,详见表3。
职业认同 | 离职意愿Ⅰ | 离职意愿Ⅱ | 离职意愿Ⅲ |
---|---|---|---|
职业认知评价 | −0.241 | −0.322 | −0.230 |
职业社会支持 | −0.322 | −0.231 | −0.536 |
职业社交技能 | −0.124 | −0.133 | −0.214 |
职业自我反思 | −0.423 | −0.132 | −0.355 |
职业挫折应对 | −0.382 | −0.252 | −0.336 |
职业认同总得分 | −0.601 | −0.532 | −0.625 |
表3. 临床护士职业认同与离职意愿的相关性分析(R值)
本研究中,护士职业认同处于中等水平。陈燕 [
对于个体而言,职业生涯规划是其职业能力获取、职业兴趣培养、职业选择的关键 [
据了解,民营护士离职的主要原因有收入水平较低,其中职称与工作年限是收入水平的主要决定因素,如此在整个医院中除了少部分骨干护士外其他初级职称护士收入较低,然而这些护士却是真实护理队伍的重要力量,从而影响了整个队伍的稳定性。对此,民营医院领导应清楚认识到这一点,然而因成本控制的原因无法大幅度提高薪酬待遇,这便需要制定科学合理的薪资福利办法。首先,民营医院应积极参考公立医院保障制度,对护士基本待遇进行适度提高,如社保、公积金额度标准等,以此来降低护士对福利的担忧,彰显外部公平 [
对于民营医院而言,其管理模式是否科学直接影响到了医院每一位护士,如晋升考核机制、分配机制、奖惩制度等 [
从某一层面分析得知,民营医院吸引力形成的过程实际上是自身实力与形象不断提高的过程 [
于建萍,周荣花,周 蓉,贺 娟,刘玲玲,夏桂花. 某民营医院护士职业认同及离职意愿研究 Study on Professional Identity and Turnover Intention of Nurses in a Private Hospital[J]. 护理学, 2023, 12(03): 313-318. https://doi.org/10.12677/NS.2023.123044