血液透析(hemodialysis, HD)中低血糖是HD的常见并发症,本文对低血糖发病机制及处理相关的最新文献进行复习,对肾脏在机体血糖稳定中所起的作用,肾衰时低血糖发生的过程与机理,防治要点主要是针对抗糖尿病制剂的选择,剂量调节,新的药物如SGLT2抑制剂的应用等,并对血透引起的低血糖症的机理与危害进行讨论。 Hypoglycemia in hemodialysis (HD) is a common complication of HD. This paper reviews the latest literature on the pathogenesis and treatment of hypoglycemia, and discusses the role of kidney in stabilizing blood sugar, the process and mechanism of hypoglycemia in renal failure, the key points of prevention and treatment, such as the selection of antidiabetic agents, dosage adjustment, appli-cation of new drugs such as SGLT2 inhibitors, etc., and discusses the mechanism and harm of hypo-glycemia caused by hemodialysis.
Pathophysiological Analysis and Prevention of Hypoglycemia in Diabetic Nephropathy Patients<sup> </sup>
Jingna Zhao, Liying Wang, Zhifang Zhong, Xingbiao Su, Li Luo
Blood Purification Center, International Hospital, Peking University, Beijing
Received: Apr. 28th, 2023; accepted: May 21st, 2023; published: May 31st, 2023
ABSTRACT
Hypoglycemia in hemodialysis (HD) is a common complication of HD. This paper reviews the latest literature on the pathogenesis and treatment of hypoglycemia, and discusses the role of kidney in stabilizing blood sugar, the process and mechanism of hypoglycemia in renal failure, the key points of prevention and treatment, such as the selection of antidiabetic agents, dosage adjustment, application of new drugs such as SGLT2 inhibitors, etc., and discusses the mechanism and harm of hypoglycemia caused by hemodialysis.
Roma Y [
34
] 一项回顾性研究,对150名需要血液透析的糖尿病住院患者进行胰岛素治疗。收集了人口统计学,基线特征和血糖数据,重点关注低血糖发作的血糖截止值分别小于70,<54和<40 mg/dL。针对每位患者发生低血糖事件,分析了血液透析前后24小时的详细葡萄糖和胰岛素数据。使用T检验,单向方差分析和卡方检验进行统计分析。观察到随着胰岛素每日总剂量升高,发生低血糖的风险呈线性增加,其中近65%的低血糖发作发生在胰岛素剂量 > 0.2单位/kg的情况。所有降血糖事件的大部分(61%)发生在血液透析之前的24小时内。I型糖尿病与低血糖症独立相关,占总人数19%,至少发生一次低血糖,低血糖的发生率为82%,而2型糖尿病患者为42.6% (p = 0.003)。低血糖事件的大部分(61%)发生在HD前几天,而在HD之后的8小时内发生的低血糖事件较少(14.6%)。三分之一的患者出现清晨低血糖症,占所有低血糖发作的37%,在所有清晨低血糖发作中,大部分(63%)发生在HD日之前的透析日早晨。与2型糖尿病相比,I型糖尿病发生低血糖的几率高7倍。在对重要因素进行调整后,胰岛素剂量(总剂量或基础剂量)降低至0.25单位/kg时,低血糖发生率显著降低(15.8% vs 30%, p < 0.08)。这种低血糖发生率归因于失功肾脏无法清除外源胰岛素和口服降血糖药,导致更长的半衰期,此外,肾糖异生受损可降低对低血糖症的反应。
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