双相抑郁障碍(BDD)是一类重型精神障碍。患者以情绪不稳定为临床特点,主要表现为情绪低落与情感高涨交替出现或同时出现。此外,部分患者也同时存在认知功能损害,而且药物治疗对恢复认知功能见效甚微。物理治疗,包括重复经颅磁刺激,在短时间内可以部分改善双相障碍患者的认知功能,但难以长期维持。存在这些挑战是因为我们尚未充分了解该病的发病机制。磁共振成像是一种无创性的脑影像学技术,已经被广泛地应用于包括双相障碍在内的精神疾病的临床和实验研究。本文较系统地复习了近年来利用磁共振成像术研究双相抑郁障碍的临床研究,并扼要概括了研究进展。 Bipolar Depressive Disorder (BDD) is a severe mental disorder. Patients with emotional instability as clinical characteristics, the main manifestations of low mood and high mood occur alternately or simultaneously. In addition, some patients also have cognitive impairment, and drug therapy has little effect on restoring cognitive function. Physical therapy, including repetitive trans-cranial magnetic stimulation, can partially improve cognitive function in patients with BDD in the short term, but is difficult to maintain in the long term. These challenges exist because we do not yet fully understand the pathogenesis of the disease. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive brain imaging technique that has been widely used in clinical and experimental studies of mental disorders, including BDD. This review systematically reviews the recent clinical studies with BDD patients using various kinds of MRI and briefly summarizes the research progress.
Research Progress in Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cognitive Impairment in Bipolar Depression
Mengpu Wang1, Haiyun Xu1,2*
1School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Zhejiang
2Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Zhejiang
Received: Apr. 8th, 2023; accepted: May 8th, 2023; published: May 17th, 2023
ABSTRACT
Bipolar Depressive Disorder (BDD) is a severe mental disorder. Patients with emotional instability as clinical characteristics, the main manifestations of low mood and high mood occur alternately or simultaneously. In addition, some patients also have cognitive impairment, and drug therapy has little effect on restoring cognitive function. Physical therapy, including repetitive trans-cranial magnetic stimulation, can partially improve cognitive function in patients with BDD in the short term, but is difficult to maintain in the long term. These challenges exist because we do not yet fully understand the pathogenesis of the disease. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive brain imaging technique that has been widely used in clinical and experimental studies of mental disorders, including BDD. This review systematically reviews the recent clinical studies with BDD patients using various kinds of MRI and briefly summarizes the research progress.
王孟璞,许海云. 双相抑郁认知功能损害磁共振成像研究进展Research Progress in Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cognitive Impairment in Bipolar Depression[J]. 国际神经精神科学杂志, 2023, 12(02): 17-25. https://doi.org/10.12677/IJPN.2023.122002
参考文献References
Merikangas, K.R., Jin, R., He, J.-P., et al. (2011) Prevalence and Correlates of Bipolar Spectrum Disorder in the World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Archives of General Psychiatry, 682, 41-51. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.12
Martinez-Aran, A., Vieta, E., Torrent, C., et al. (2007) Functional Out-come in Bipolar Disorder: The Role of Clinical and Cognitive Factors. Bipolar Disorders, 9, 103-113. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2007.00327.x
Elias, L.R., Miskowiak, K.W., Vale, A.M.O., et al. (2017) Cog-nitive Impairment in Euthymic Pediatric Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 56, 286-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2017.01.008
Miskowiak, K.W., Kjærstad, H.L., Meluken, I., et al. (2017) The Search for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Endophenotypes: A Critical Systematic Review of Studies Involving Unaffected First-Degree Relatives of Individuals with Bipolar Disorder. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 73, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.011
Bora, E., Yucel, M. and Pantelis, C. (2009) Cognitive Endophenotypes of Bipolar Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Neuropsychological Deficits in Euthymic Patients and Their First-Degree Relatives. Journal of Affective Disorders, 113, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2008.06.009
Ray H. Hashemi, William G. Bradley Jr., Christo-pher J. Lisanti. MRI基础[M]. 第2版. 尹建忠, 译. 天津: 天津科技翻译出版公司, 2004.
孙尧, 王颖, 黄力. 双相情感障碍的静息态功能MRI研究进展[J]. 磁共振成像, 2016(1): 77-80.
Tryon, W.W. (2014) Chapter 3: Core Network Principles: The Explanatory Nucleus. In: Tryon, W.W., Ed., Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychotherapy, Academic Press, Cambridge, 125-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-420071-5.00003-X
Raichle, M.E. (2015) The Brain’s Default Mode Network. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 38, 433-447. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-071013-014030
Damasio, H., Grabowski, T., Frank, R., Galaburda, A.M. and Damasio, A.R. (1994) The Return of Phineas Gage: Clues about the Brain from the Skull of a Famous Patient. Science, 264, 1102-1105. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.8178168
Leech, R. and Sharp, D.J. (2013) The Role of the Posterior Cingulate Cortex in Cognition and Disease. Brain, 137, 12-32. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awt162
Wang, Y., Wang, J., Jia, Y., et al. (2017) Topologically Convergent and Divergent Functional Connectivity Patterns in Unmedicated Unipolar Depression and Bipolar Disorder. Translational Psychiatry, 7, e1165. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2017.117
Yang, Y., Cui, Q., Lu, F., et al. (2021) Default Mode Network Subsystem Alterations in Bipolar Disorder during Major Depressive Episode. Journal of Affective Disorders, 281, 856-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.049
Wang, Y., Zhong, S., Jia, Y., Sun, Y., Wang, B., Liu, T., Pan, J. and Huang, L. (2016) Disrupted Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Nonmedicated Bipolar Disorder. Radiology, 280, 529-536. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2016151641
Wang, Y., Zhong, S., Chen, G., et al. (2018) Altered Cerebellar Functional Con-nectivity in Remitted Bipolar Disorder: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 52, 962-971. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867417745996
Magioncalda, P., Martino, M., Conio, B., et al. (2015) Functional Connectivity and Neuronal Variability of Resting State Activity in Bipolar Disorder—Reduction and Decoupling in Anterior Cortical Midline Structures. Human Brain Mapping, 36, 666-682. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22655
Rive, M.M., Redlich, R., Schmaal, L., Marquand, A.F., Dannlowski, U., Grotegerd, D., Veltman, D.J., Schene, A.H. and Ruhé, H.G. (2016) Distinguishing Medication—Free Subjects with Unipolar Disorder from Subjects with Bipolar Disorder: State Matters. Bipolar Disor-ders, 18, 612-623. https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12446
Khadka, S., Meda, S.A., Stevens, M.C., et al. (2013) Is Aberrant Functional Connectivity a Psychosis Endophenotype? A Resting State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Biological Psy-chiatry, 74, 458-466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.04.024
Yip, S.W., Mackay, C.E. and Goodwin, G.M. (2014) Increased Tempo-ro-Insular Engagement in Unmedicated Bipolar II Disorder: An Exploratory Resting State Study Using Independent Component Anal-ysis. Bipolar Disorders, 16, 748-755. https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12206
Nguyen, T.T., Kovacevic, S., Dev, S.I., et al. (2017) Dynamic Functional Connectivity in Bipolar Disorder Is Associated with Executive Function and Processing Speed: A Preliminary Study. Neuropsychology, 31, 73-83. https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000317
Logan, R.W. and McClung, C.A. (2019) Rhythms of Life: Circadian Disruption and Brain Disorders across the Lifespan. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 20, 49-65. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-018-0088-y
Dickerson, B.C. and Wolk, D.A. (2012) MRI Cortical Thickness Biomarker Predicts AD-Like CSF and Cognitive Decline in Normal Adults. Neurology, 78, 84-90. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31823efc6c
Dickerson, B.C., Fenstermacher, E., Salat, D.H., et al. (2008) Detection of Cortical Thickness Correlates of Cognitive Performance: Reliability across MRI Scan Sessions, Scanners, and Field Strengths. Neu-roImage, 39, 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.08.042
Bennett, M.R. (2011) The Prefrontal-Limbic Network in Depression: A Core Pathology of Synapse Regression. Progress in Neurobiology, 93, 457-467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.01.001
Zhu, Z., Zhao, Y., Wen, K., et al. (2022) Cortical Thickness Abnormalities in Patients with Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 300, 209-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.080
Abé, C., Ekman, C.-J., Sellgren, C., et al. (2016) Cortical Thickness, Volume and Surface Area in Patients with Bipolar Disorder types I and II. Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 41, 240-250. https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.150093
Shahab, S., Mulsant, B.H., Levesque, M.L., et al. (2019) Brain Structure, Cognition and Brain Age in Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Healthy Controls. Neuropsychopharmacology, 44, 898-906. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-018-0298-z
Rimol, L.M., Hartberg, C.B., Nesvåg, R., et al. (2010) Cortical Thickness and Subcortical Volumes in Schizophrenia and Bipolar disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 68, 41-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.03.036
Bansal, R., Hao, X., Liu, F., et al. (2013) The Effects of Changing Water Content, Relaxation Times, and Tissue Contrast on Tissue Segmentation and Measures of Cortical Anatomy in MR Images. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 31, 1709-1730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2013.07.017
Qiu, A., Gan, S.C., Wang, Y., et al. (2013) Amygdala-Hippocampal Shape and Cortical Thickness Abnormalities in First-Episode Schizophrenia and Mania. Psychological Medicine, 43, 1353-1363. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291712002218
Hulshoff Pol, H.E., van Baal, G.C.M., Schnack, H.G., et al. (2012) Overlap-ping and Segregating Structural Brain Abnormalities in Twins with Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 69, 349-359. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1615
Carlén, M. (2017) What Constitutes the Prefrontal Cortex? Science, 358, 478-482. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan8868
Niu, M., Wang, Y., Jia, Y., et al. (2017) Common and Specific Abnormalities in Cortical Thickness in Patients with Major Depressive and Bipolar Disorders. EBioMedicine, 16, 162-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.01.010
Happaney, K., Zelazo, P.D. and Stuss D.T. (2004) Development of Orbitofron-tal Function: Current Themes and Future Directions. Brain and Cognition, 55, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2004.01.001
Yu, H., Meng, Y.-J., Li, X.-J., et al. (2019) Common and Distinct Patterns of Grey Matter Alterations in Borderline Personality Disorder and Bipolar Disorder: Voxel-Based Meta-Analysis. British Journal of Psy-chiatry, 215, 395-403. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2019.44
Rajkowska, G. (2000) Postmortem Studies in Mood Disorders Indicate Altered Num-bers of Neurons and Glial Cells. Biological Psychiatry, 48, 766-777. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(00)00950-1
Vita, A., De Peri, L. and Sacchetti, E. (2009) Gray Matter, White Matter, Brain and Intracranial Volumes in First-Episode Bipolar Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies. Bipolar Disorders, 11, 807-814. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00759.x
Nugent, A.C., Milham, M.P., Bain, E.E., et al. (2006) Cortical Abnormal-ities in Bipolar Disorder Investigated with MRI and Voxel-Based Morphometry. NeuroImage, 30, 485-497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.09.029
Anticevic, A., Brumbaugh, M.S., Winkler, A.M., et al. (2013) Global Prefrontal and Fronto-Amygdala dysconnectivity in bipolar I disorder with Psychosis History. Biological Psychiatry, 73, 565-573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.07.031
Roberts, G., Lenroot, R., Overs, B., et al. (2022) Accelerated Cortical Thin-ning and Volume Reduction over Time in Young People at High Genetic Risk for Bipolar Disorder. Psychological Medicine, 52, 1344-1355. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720003153
Abé, C., Ching, C.R.K., Liberg, B., et al. (2022) Longitudinal Structural Brain Changes in Bipolar Disorder: A Multicenter Neuroimaging Study of 1232 Individuals by the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group. Biological Psychiatry, 91, 582-592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.09.008
Soares, J.M., Marques, P., Alves, V. and Sousa, N. (2013) A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Diffusion Tensor Imaging. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 7, Article 31. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2013.00031
Smith, S.M., Jenkinson, M., Johansen-Berg, H., et al. (2006) Tract-Based Spatial Statistics: Voxelwise Analysis of Multi-Subject Diffusion Data. NeuroImage, 31, 1487-505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.02.024
Sbardella, E., Tona, F., Petsas, N., et al. (2013) DTI Measurements in Multiple Sclerosis: Evaluation of Brain Damage and Clinical Implications. Multiple Sclerosis International, 2013, Article ID: 671730. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/671730
Ishida, T., Donishi, T., Iwatani, J., et al.(2017) Interhemispheric Disconnectivity in the Sensorimotor Network in Bipolar Disorder Revealed by Functional Connectivity and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Analysis. Heliyon, 3, e00335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00335
Benedetti, F., Absinta, M., Rocca, M.A., et al. (2011) Tract-Specific White Matter structural disruption in patients with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disorders, 13, 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2011.00938.x
Versace, A., Andreazza, A.C., Young, L.T., et al. (2014) Elevated Serum Measures of Lipid Peroxidation and Abnormal Prefrontal White Matter in Euthymic Bipolar Adults: Toward Peripheral Biomarkers of Bipolar Disorder. Molecular Psychiatry, 19, 200-208. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2012.188
Lin, F., Weng, S., Xie, B., Wu, G. and Lei, H. (2011) Abnormal Frontal Cortex White Matter Connections in Bipolar Disorder: A DTI Tractography Study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 131, 299-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.12.018
Emsell, L., Leemans, A., Langan, C., et al. (2013) Limbic and Callosal White Mat-ter Changes in Euthymic Bipolar I Disorder: An Advanced Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Tractography Study. Biological Psychiatry, 73, 194-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.09.023
Versace, A., Almeida, J.R.C., Hassel, S., et al. (2008) Elevated Left and Reduced Right Orbitomedial Prefrontal Fractional Anisotropy in Adults with Bipolar Disorder Revealed by Tract-Based Spatial Statis-tics. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65, 1041-1052. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.65.9.1041
Wessa, M., Houenou, J., Leboyer, M., et al. (2009) Microstructural White Matter Changes in Euthymic Bipolar Patients: A Whole-Brain Diffusion Tensor Im-aging Study. Bipolar Disorders, 11, 504-514. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00718.x
Debette, S. and Markus, H.S. (2010) The Clinical Importance of White Matter Hyperintensities on Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BMJ, 341, c3666. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c3666
Vemuri, P., Lesnick, T.G., Przybelski, S.A., et al. (2018) Development of a Cerebrovas-cular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Biomarker For cognitiveAging. Annals of Neurology, 84, 705-716. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.25346
Liu, Q., Bhuiyan, M.I.H., Liu, R., et al. (2021) Attenuating Vascular Stenosis-Induced Astrogliosis Preserves White Matter Integrity and Cognitive Function. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 18, Article No. 187. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-021-02234-8
宋筱蕾, 穆新暖, 于美霞, 等. 首发轻中度抑郁症患者治疗前后脑任务态功能磁共振研究[J]. 临床放射学杂志. 2019, 38(7): 1174-1179.
Victor, T.A., Furey, M.L., Fromm, S.J., et al. (2012) The Ex-tended Functional Neuroanatomy of Emotional Processing Biases for Masked Faces in Major Depressive Disorder. PLOS ONE, 7, e46439. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0046439
蔡溢, 李卫晖, 李则宣, 等. 抑郁症和双相抑郁患者情绪图片任务下脑功能磁共振成像研究[J]. 中华精神科杂志, 2016, 49(4): 202-209.
王工书, 任尊晓, 李丹丹, 等. 脑激活任务区分度的分析及应用研究[J]. 计算机工程与应用, 2020, 56(21): 272-278.
肖茜. 青少年双相障碍的脑结构和功能磁共振研究[D]: [博士学位论文]. 长沙: 中南大学, 2013.
Gupta, R., Sood, M., Sharma, U., R.,Bhargava, Jagannathan, N.R. and Chadda, R.K. (2022) Neurochemical Correlates of Cognitive Functions in Euthymic Patients with Bipolar Disorder: 1H-MRS Study. Asian Journal of Psy-chiatry, 78, Article ID: 103273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103273
Zovetti, N., Rossetti, M.G., Perlini, C., Brambilla, P. and Bellani, M. (2023) Brain Ageing and Neurodegeneration in Bipolar Disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 323, 171-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.066
Fredericks, C., Kalmar, J. and Blumberg, H. (2006) The Role of the Ventral Pre-frontal Cortex in Mood Disorders. In: Zald, D. and Rauch, S., Eds., The Orbitofrontal Cortex, Oxford Academic, Oxford, 544-577. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198565741.003.0021
Liu, T., Wang, Y., Zhong, S., et al. (2017) A Comparison of Neurometabolitesbetween Remitted Bipolar Disorder and Depressed Bipolar Disorder: A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 211, 153-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.009
Scotti-Muzzi, E., Um-la-Runge, K. and Soeiro-de-Souza, M.G. (2021) Anterior Cingulate Cortex Neurometabolitesin Bipolar Disorder are Influenced by Mood State and Medication: A Meta-Analysis of 1H-MRS Studies. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 47, 62-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.01.096
Öngür, D., Jensen, J.E., Prescot, A.P., et al. (2008) Abnormal Glutama-tergic Neurotransmission and Neuronal-Glial Interactions in Acute Mania. Biological Psychiatry, 64, 718-726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.05.014
Frye, M.A., Watzl, J., Banakar, S., et al. (2007) Increased Anterior Cingulate/Medial PREFRONTAL Cortical Glutamate and Creatine in Bipolar Depression. Neuropsychopharmacology, 32, 2490-2499. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1301387
Port, J.D., Unal, S.S., Mrazek, D.A., et al. (2008) Metabolic Alterations in Medica-tion-Free Patients with Bipolar Disorder: A 3T CSF-Corrected Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging Study. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 162, 113-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2007.08.004
Jett, J.D., Bulin, S.E., Hatherall, L.C., et al. (2017) Deficits in Cognitive Flexibility Induced by Chronic Unpredictable Stress Are Associated with Impaired Glutamate Neurotrans-mission in the Rat Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Neuroscience, 346, 284-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.01.017
Buchanan, R.J., Gjini, K., Modur, P., et al. (2016) In Vivo Measurements of Limbic Glutamate and GABA Concentrations in Epileptic Patients during Affective and Cognitive Tasks: A Microdialysis Study. Hippocampus, 26, 683-689. https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.22552
Huber, R.S., Kondo, D.G., Shi, X.-F., et al. (2018) Relationship of Executive Function-ing Deficits to N-acetyl Aspartate (NAA) and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) in Youth with Bipolar Disorder. Journal of Affec-tive Disorders, 225, 71-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.052