本文总结一例脑血管畸形合并胼胝体旁出血伴血肿致双下肢瘫痪病例情况,以提高诊断及治疗能力。我们回顾性分析1例脑血管畸形合并胼胝体旁出血伴血肿致双下肢瘫痪病例,结合病人CT、CTA等影像资料,患者胼胝体出血明确,CTA示脑内血管畸形,先后两次行经导管颅内动脉畸形介入栓塞术,经治疗血肿吸收后,下肢肌力恢复良好。该病例提示早期诊断和相应治疗对及早地准确诊断和对稳定后的康复及预后有更好的帮助。 A case of cerebral vascular malformation with pericallosal hemorrhage and hematomas resulting in bilateral lower extremity paralysis was summarized in order to improve the ability of diagnosis and treatment. A case of cerebral vascular malformation complicated with pericallosal hemorrhage and hematomas leading to paralysis of both lower limbs was analyzed retrospectively. Combined with the CT and CTA data of the patient, the corpus callosum hemorrhage was clear and the CTA showed cerebral vascular malformation. Two times of interventional embolization for intracranial malformations were performed. After hematoma absorption, the muscle strength of lower limbs recovered well. It is suggested that early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are helpful to the recovery and prognosis after stabilization.
本文总结一例脑血管畸形合并胼胝体旁出血伴血肿致双下肢瘫痪病例情况,以提高诊断及治疗能力。我们回顾性分析1例脑血管畸形合并胼胝体旁出血伴血肿致双下肢瘫痪病例,结合病人CT、CTA等影像资料,患者胼胝体出血明确,CTA示脑内血管畸形,先后两次行经导管颅内动脉畸形介入栓塞术,经治疗血肿吸收后,下肢肌力恢复良好。该病例提示早期诊断和相应治疗对及早地准确诊断和对稳定后的康复及预后有更好的帮助。
脑出血,CTA,脑血管畸形,脑内血肿,瘫痪
Haodong Chen, Wusi Qiu*, Haisong Xu, Zelin Hao, Jun Cheng, Runyu Liang
Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Zhejiang
Received: Mar. 19th, 2023; accepted: Apr. 18th, 2023; published: Apr. 25th, 2023
A case of cerebral vascular malformation with pericallosal hemorrhage and hematomas resulting in bilateral lower extremity paralysis was summarized in order to improve the ability of diagnosis and treatment. A case of cerebral vascular malformation complicated with pericallosal hemorrhage and hematomas leading to paralysis of both lower limbs was analyzed retrospectively. Combined with the CT and CTA data of the patient, the corpus callosum hemorrhage was clear and the CTA showed cerebral vascular malformation. Two times of interventional embolization for intracranial malformations were performed. After hematoma absorption, the muscle strength of lower limbs recovered well. It is suggested that early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are helpful to the recovery and prognosis after stabilization.
Keywords:Intracerebral Hemorrhage, CTA, Cerebral Vascular Malformation, Intracerebral Hematoma, Paralysis
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既往国内外文献对脑出血后导致颅脑出血致胼胝体损伤的报道较少,大部分集中于国外,且对于成年人的研究较少 [
该研究获得杭州师范大学附属医院伦理委员会的伦理许可,临床资料的获取已取得患方知情同意。
女,20岁。因“头晕、头痛3小时,伴意识障碍半小时”入院。患者突感恶心,伴头晕头痛,行走不稳,呕吐胃内容物,急诊至我院,入抢救室时神志清,肌力正常,四肢活动可,予急查头胸CT (2022-10-18)提示顶枕叶胼胝体旁区域出血、蛛网膜下腔出血(见图1、图2)。颅脑CTA提示右侧大脑前动脉A5段旁血管畸形?(见图3)检查过程中患者突发意识不清、呼之不应、牙关紧闭、小便失禁。入院GCS评分E3VTM5,口角无歪斜,双侧巴氏征阳性,脑膜刺激征阴性,双下肢无水肿。
图1. CT平扫显示胼胝体周围高密度病变,边界清楚,提示血肿,脑血管畸形可能
图2. CT平扫显示胼胝体周围高密度病变,边界清楚,提示血肿,右侧可见片状更高密度影
图3. CTA右侧大脑前动脉A5段旁一场血管团块影,与邻近分支血管界限不清,提示血管畸形
入院后初步诊断:1) 脑内出血;2) 蛛网膜下出血;3) 脑血管畸形(右枕叶);4) 颅内动脉瘤;5) 低钾血症。予以适当镇静镇痛,尼莫地平微泵静推缓解脑血管痉挛,丙戊酸钠微泵静推预防痫性发作,查体昏迷状,GCS评分E1VTM2,病情危重,Hunt-Hess4级,介入科会诊后,急诊全麻下行“经导管动静脉畸形介入栓塞术(右侧大脑前动脉A4段) + 脑血管造影”,过程顺利,显示右侧大脑前动脉A4段血管畸形伴动脉瘤形成,右侧大脑后动脉远段分支畸形血管团,在微导丝配合下经Guiding超选进入右侧大脑前动脉A4段并进入瘤体,在透视下经微导管注射onyx胶直至瘤体及畸形血管填塞致密,再次造影未见动脉瘤及畸形血管显影,术中输液1000 ml,出血10 ml,尿量1000 ml,术后返回EICU。T36.8℃,BP 153/98mmHg,全麻状态,四肢肌力检查不配合,左侧肢体肌力较右侧下降,肌张力无亢进或减退,双侧巴氏征阳性,脑膜刺激征阴性,双下肢无水肿。
患者入院后第一天,持续镇静镇痛状态,呼唤可见睁眼,可见握手、闭眼等简单遵嘱动作,查体部分合作,GCS评分E3VTM6,口角无歪斜,四肢肌力检查欠合作,右上肢肌力约4级,左上肢握力约3级,双下肢肌力下降,未见明显运动,肌张力无亢进或减退,双侧巴氏征阳性,脑膜刺激征阴性。头颅CT (2022-10-19):“经导管动静脉畸形介入栓塞术”术后改变,额顶叶出血,部分脑室及蛛网膜下腔出血。诊断:1) 脑内出血;2) 蛛网膜下出血;3) 脑血管畸形(右枕叶);4) 颅内动脉瘤;5) 低钾血症。
2022年10月31日患者病情较前平稳,神志清,由EICU转入神经外科病房继续治疗,查体:患者神清,精神软,双瞳等大等直径约2.5 cm,对光反射灵敏,偶问答错误,言语稍含糊,上肢自主活动,左上肢肌力1级,双下肢肌力0级,肌张力无增减,双侧巴氏征阳性。
2022年11月13日查体神清,精神尚可,颈抵抗−,胸腹如前,左眼外展神经不全麻痹,双手远端肌力活动差,左上肢肌力2级,右上肢肌力5-级,左/右下肢肌力1级/3-级,肢体末梢循环可、感觉欠佳。辅助检查:头颅MR平扫+增强(2022-11-12)“经导管动静脉畸形介入栓塞术后”复查:顶枕叶胼胝体区出血周围结构受压,T2WII信号较前(2022-10-29)增高,范围较前稍减小,周围水肿较前吸收;脑室积血,蛛网膜下腔出血,较前稍吸收。
2022年11月23日查体:患者神清,口角稍右歪,伸舌居中,左上/下肢肌力分别为5/1级,右侧上/下肢肌力分别为5/5级。
2022年12月08日患者头痛改善,无头晕,无恶心呕吐无肢体抽搐等不适,查体患者神清,GCS评分E4V5M6,双侧瞳孔直径3 mm,对光反射灵敏,言语含糊改善,左上/下肢肌力分别为5/3级,右侧上下肢肌力为5级,病理反射未及。头颅CT (2022-12-07)提示颅内血肿等较前好转(见图4)。
图4. 颅内动静脉畸形介入诊疗后改变,颅内血肿较图1、图2吸收好转,胼胝体膝部右侧低密度灶,较前吸收好转
随访3个月时,患者已能自主行走,双侧肢体肌力为5级,患者恢复良好。
该患者脑血管畸形诊断明确,而血管内介入栓塞治疗技术被应用于脑血管畸形治疗中,目前是最理想的治疗方式 [
根据相关研究,脑出血引起的神经损伤目前仍然缺乏有效的治疗方法。此处提示我们,在诊疗脑出血后截瘫患者时,需注意病变部位可能在胼胝体,以免漏诊、误诊。
本项目受杭州市科技局(20191203B103)、浙江省临床科研基金(2021-ZYC-A80)资助。
陈浩东,裘五四,徐海松,郝泽林,程 军,梁润虞. 胼胝体旁出血伴血肿致双下肢瘫痪病例报告1例A Case Report of Bilateral Lower Extremity Paralysis Caused by Spontaneous Pericallosal Hematoma with Cerebral Vascular Malformation[J]. 外科, 2023, 12(01): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.12677/HJS.2023.121001
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