AEP Advances in Environmental Protection 2164-5485 Scientific Research Publishing 10.12677/AEP.2023.132044 AEP-64224 AEP20230200000_79606089.pdf 地球与环境 磺胺类抗生素与盐渍化联合胁迫对蔬菜种子发芽的生态毒性效应 The Ecological Toxic Effects of Combination of Sulfonamides and Salinization on the Germination of Vegetable Seeds 2 1 贺麒 2 1 2 1 欣瑞 2 1 金环 2 1 步月 2 1 宇琛 2 1 永辉 2 1 亚雯 2 1 南开大学滨海学院环境科学与工程系,天津 null 04 04 2023 13 02 339 343 © Copyright 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. 2014 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

磺胺类抗生素的滥用导致其对土壤与水体环境造成了严重污染,而土壤盐渍化是目前人类面临的一种主要环境风险。本论文选择使用广泛的磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺甲基嘧啶两种抗生素与氯化钠为研究对象,采用单一、二元与三元联合的方式对不同蔬菜种子的根长、芽长进行监测。结果显示:单一处理组对小白菜生长的抑制作用较强,联合组并未出现明显抑制效应,甚至促进了小白菜生长;各处理组茼蒿的根长均被抑制,而芽长变化不明显;各处理组红丁萝卜的根生长几乎均被促进,联合组的芽长生长也均被促进,而单一组芽长生长被抑制。 The abuse of sulfonamides has caused serious pollution to the soil and water environment, and soil salinization is currently a major environmental risk faced by humans. Two widely used antibiotics, sulfamethoxazole and sulfamerazine, and sodium chloride, were selected as the research objects. A single, binary, and ternary combination method was used to monitor the root and shoot lengths of different vegetable seeds. The results showed that the single treatment group had a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of Chinese cabbage, while the combined group did not have a signifi-cant inhibitory effect, even promoting the growth of Chinese cabbage. The root length of Chrysan-themum coronarium in each treatment group was inhibited, but the change of shoot length was not significant. The root growth of red radish was almost all promoted in each treatment group, and the shoot length growth of the combined group was also promoted, while the shoot length growth of the single group was inhibited.

磺胺类抗生素,盐渍化,蔬菜,毒性胁迫, Sulfonamides Salinization Vegetables Toxic Stress
摘要

磺胺类抗生素的滥用导致其对土壤与水体环境造成了严重污染,而土壤盐渍化是目前人类面临的一种主要环境风险。本论文选择使用广泛的磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺甲基嘧啶两种抗生素与氯化钠为研究对象,采用单一、二元与三元联合的方式对不同蔬菜种子的根长、芽长进行监测。结果显示:单一处理组对小白菜生长的抑制作用较强,联合组并未出现明显抑制效应,甚至促进了小白菜生长;各处理组茼蒿的根长均被抑制,而芽长变化不明显;各处理组红丁萝卜的根生长几乎均被促进,联合组的芽长生长也均被促进,而单一组芽长生长被抑制。

关键词

磺胺类抗生素,盐渍化,蔬菜,毒性胁迫

The Ecological Toxic Effects of Combination of Sulfonamides and Salinization on the Germination of Vegetable Seeds<sup> </sup>

Jie Zhou, Heqi Wang, Ying Zhao, Xinrui Li, Jinhuan Meng, Buyue Yang, Yuchen Huang, Yonghui Wang, Yawen Jin

Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University Binhai College, Tianjin

Received: Mar. 11th, 2023; accepted: Apr. 14th, 2023; published: Apr. 21st, 2023

ABSTRACT

The abuse of sulfonamides has caused serious pollution to the soil and water environment, and soil salinization is currently a major environmental risk faced by humans. Two widely used antibiotics, sulfamethoxazole and sulfamerazine, and sodium chloride, were selected as the research objects. A single, binary, and ternary combination method was used to monitor the root and shoot lengths of different vegetable seeds. The results showed that the single treatment group had a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of Chinese cabbage, while the combined group did not have a significant inhibitory effect, even promoting the growth of Chinese cabbage. The root length of Chrysanthemum coronarium in each treatment group was inhibited, but the change of shoot length was not significant. The root growth of red radish was almost all promoted in each treatment group, and the shoot length growth of the combined group was also promoted, while the shoot length growth of the single group was inhibited.

Keywords:Sulfonamides, Salinization, Vegetables, Toxic Stress

Copyright © 2023 by author(s) and beplay安卓登录

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

1. 引言

磺胺类药物因具有抗菌谱广、价格低廉、化学性质稳定、使用方便等优点而成为世界上产量最多,最常用的药物之一 [ 1 ] 。随着其广泛使用残留在环境中,这不仅会改变土壤和水体的正常结构和功能,促进耐药菌株的进化,影响动植物的生长发育,而且可通过食物链影响人体健康 [ 2 ] [ 3 ] 。一项研究调查了包括磺胺甲恶唑和磺胺甲嘧啶在内的6种抗生素对甜燕麦、水稻和黄瓜种子发芽的影响,结果显示甜燕麦对所测6种抗生素均较为敏感,并且磺胺类抗生素的植物毒性在所测6种抗生素中是比较强的 [ 4 ] 。

土壤盐渍化是由自然或人类活动引起的一种主要的环境风险,全球大约有8.3亿hm2的土壤受到盐渍化的威胁。而次生盐渍化的面积大约为7700万hm2,其中58%发生在灌溉农业区,接近20%的灌溉土壤受到盐渍化的威胁,且这一比例仍在增加 [ 5 ] 。土壤中盐分离子的集聚会引起植物的生理性缺水,土壤盐分离子的增加会抑制植物对其他养分的吸收,导致植物发育不良进而导致减产或死亡,Na+和Mg2+离子的增加会引起植物细胞的结构性损伤以及阻碍植物光合作用,减少叶绿素的产生 [ 6 ] ,同时土壤盐分能引起植物氮素代谢过程中产生具有毒性的中间产物,促使作物新陈代谢过程减弱等机理性问题。有研究表明,K+离子对于植物的根具有较高的毒性,而Na+对于植物的茎发育毒性更为明显 [ 7 ] 。本研究采用种子发芽及根伸长监测实验对磺胺类抗生素与盐渍化联合胁迫下不同种类蔬菜种子的生态毒性反应进行测定,以期为抗生素与盐渍化的联合胁迫处理提供研究思路。

2. 材料和方法 2.1. 仪器与药品

仪器:人工气候箱、培养皿、直尺、容量瓶、滤纸、镊子、移液管。

药品:磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺甲基嘧啶和氯化钠。

2.2. 实验材料

小白菜种子、茼蒿种子、红丁萝卜种子。

2.3. 实验方法 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="hanspub.64224-ref8">8</xref>]

将磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺甲基嘧啶和氯化钠进行单一、两两联合与三者联合的方式配制水溶液(0.2 mg/L)。取干净的培养皿,铺两层滤纸作为发芽床,依次加入相应的供试染毒溶液。然后将受试植物种子置于滤纸表面,摆放整齐,加盖密封,对每个培养皿做好标记后,置于人工气候箱培养(14 h光照:10 h黑暗),培养温度设置为25℃,培养10 d,随时观察并记录蔬菜种子发芽及其生长状况。

3. 结果与讨论 3.1. 磺胺类抗生素与盐渍化对小白菜根长与芽长的影响

由图1可见,单一磺胺类抗生素或盐渍化污染对小白菜的生长影响较强,无论是小白菜根长还是芽长都明显低于对照组。抗生素联合组的小白菜根长与芽长虽然也低于对照组,但与单一组相比,并未出现明显的抑制效应。磺胺甲恶唑与氯化钠联合组与对照组相比,并未出现明显的抑制效应,但与磺胺甲恶唑或氯化钠单一组相比,反而促进了小白菜的生长。而磺胺甲基嘧啶与氯化钠联合组与对照组相比,反而出现了明显的促进作用,无论根长还是芽长,与单一组相比,都出现了明显的促进作用。而三者联合时,虽然与对照组相比出现了抑制作用,但抑制不明显,与单一组相比,三联组的小白菜根长和芽长仅低于磺胺甲恶唑单一组,明显高于磺胺甲基嘧啶或氯化钠单一组。

图1. 磺胺类抗生素与盐渍化对小白菜根长与芽长的影响

3.2. 磺胺类抗生素与盐渍化对茼蒿根长与芽长的影响

图2显示,茼蒿的根与芽长度差距不大。与对照组相比,各处理组茼蒿的根长均被抑制。单一磺胺甲恶唑与盐渍化污染对茼蒿的生长影响较强,茼蒿的根长明显低于对照组。而单一磺胺甲基嘧啶处理组与对照组相比,茼蒿的根长降低不明显。无论是抗生素联合处理组,还是抗生素与氯化钠联合处理组,茼蒿根长的抑制均不明显。三者联合时,虽然茼蒿的根长与对照组相比出现了抑制作用,但抑制不明显,与二联组的抑制作用差距不大。而各处理组茼蒿的芽长与对照组相较,均无明显变化。

图2. 磺胺类抗生素与盐渍化对茼蒿根长与芽长的影响

3.3. 磺胺类抗生素与盐渍化对红丁萝卜根长与芽长的影响

图3. 磺胺类抗生素与盐渍化对红丁萝卜根长与芽长的影响

由图3可知,个别植物的抗逆性较强。根据根长及芽长数据对比分析发现,不管是在盐渍化单独作用、磺胺类抗生素单独作用还是两者或三者的联合胁迫作用下,红丁萝卜的根生长几乎均被促进了,各处理组的红丁萝卜根长几乎均较对照组高,尤其是磺胺甲恶唑与氯化钠联合组,红丁萝卜根长被促进的最为明显。对红丁萝卜的芽长而言,除单一组芽长生长被抑制外,联合组的芽长生长也均被促进,只是三者联合组的比二者联合组的芽长略低。

4. 结论

(1) 单一处理组对小白菜生长的抑制作用较强,联合组并未出现明显的抑制效应,磺胺甲基嘧啶与氯化钠联合组反而明显促进了小白菜生长。

(2) 各处理组茼蒿的根长均被抑制,而芽长变化不明显。

(3) 各处理组红丁萝卜的根生长几乎均被促进,除单一组芽长生长被抑制外,联合组的芽长生长也均被促进。

基金项目

天津市高等学校大学生创新创业训练计划项目,市级,项目编号:202213663017;校级,项目编号:202213663046。

文章引用

周 婕,王贺麒,赵 颍,李欣瑞,孟金环,杨步月,黄宇琛,王永辉,靳亚雯. 磺胺类抗生素与盐渍化联合胁迫对蔬菜种子发芽的生态毒性效应The Ecological Toxic Effects of Combination of Sulfonamides and Salinization on the Germination of Vegetable Seeds[J]. 环境保护前沿, 2023, 13(02): 339-343. https://doi.org/10.12677/AEP.2023.132044

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