目的:探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜手术治疗女性小儿腹股沟疝的可行性及治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析我院2019年2月至2022年2月行经脐单孔腹腔镜手术治疗女性小儿腹股沟疝84例的病例资料,总结手术方式及术后恢复效果。结果:所有患儿均成功完成腹腔镜手术,年龄10月~12岁,中位数年龄2岁5月。术前诊断为双侧12例,单侧疝72例,术中探查发现对侧疝25例。手术时间10~15分钟,术后无并发症。术后随访10月~3年10月,无复发。结论:经脐单孔腹腔镜手术治疗女性小儿腹股沟疝安全可行,具有无疤痕、术中发现对侧的好处,值得临床推广。 Objective: To investigate the efficacy of single-port laparoscopic treatment for inguinal hernia in female children. Methods: Review the clinical materials of 84 female cases from February 2019 to February 2022, which was given single-port laparoscopic high ligation for inguinal hernia. The surgical method and the postoperative recovery effect were summarized. Results: All children are successful completion of the laparoscopic surgery. Aged 10 months to 12 years old, the median age was 2 years and 5 months. Preoperative diagnosis of 12 bilateral hernia and 72 cases of unilateral hernia, there was found the contralateral hernia in 25 cases. Operation time was 10~15 minutes, all cases recovered with no complication. Conclusion: The benefits of single-port laparoscopic treatment for inguinal hernia in female children is safe, beautiful, fast recovery, and in favour of discover the contralateral, it worth clinical promotion.
目的:探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜手术治疗女性小儿腹股沟疝的可行性及治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析我院2019年2月至2022年2月行经脐单孔腹腔镜手术治疗女性小儿腹股沟疝84例的病例资料,总结手术方式及术后恢复效果。结果:所有患儿均成功完成腹腔镜手术,年龄10月~12岁,中位数年龄2岁5月。术前诊断为双侧12例,单侧疝72例,术中探查发现对侧疝25例。手术时间10~15分钟,术后无并发症。术后随访10月~3年10月,无复发。结论:经脐单孔腹腔镜手术治疗女性小儿腹股沟疝安全可行,具有无疤痕、术中发现对侧的好处,值得临床推广。
单孔腹腔镜,小儿疝,Nuck管,女性
Kun Yang*, Yang Li, Wei Zhu, Tong Huang, Guangwei Gong
Department of General Surgery II, Xiaogan Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Xiaogan Hubei
Received: Jan. 16th, 2023; accepted: Feb. 16th, 2023; published: Feb. 24th, 2023
Objective: To investigate the efficacy of single-port laparoscopic treatment for inguinal hernia in female children. Methods: Review the clinical materials of 84 female cases from February 2019 to February 2022, which was given single-port laparoscopic high ligation for inguinal hernia. The surgical method and the postoperative recovery effect were summarized. Results: All children are successful completion of the laparoscopic surgery. Aged 10 months to 12 years old, the median age was 2 years and 5 months. Preoperative diagnosis of 12 bilateral hernia and 72 cases of unilateral hernia, there was found the contralateral hernia in 25 cases. Operation time was 10~15 minutes, all cases recovered with no complication. Conclusion: The benefits of single-port laparoscopic treatment for inguinal hernia in female children is safe, beautiful, fast recovery, and in favour of discover the contralateral, it worth clinical promotion.
Keywords:Single-Port Laparoscopic, Pediatric Hernia, Nuck Hernia, Female
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腹股沟疝是小儿外科常见疾病,多见于男性,女性少见,男女比约15:1 [
1) 一般资料:所有接受单孔腹腔镜手术患儿84例,均为女性,年龄10月~12岁,中位数年龄2岁5月。术前诊断为单侧疝72例,术中探查发现对侧内环口未闭12例(25/72),对侧探查的阳性率为34.7%。所有病例均经孝感市中心医院伦理委员会审查批准同意。
2) 术前准备:所有患儿入院前无呼吸道感染症状,术前检查无严重心血管及呼吸道疾患,能够耐受全麻手术。手术当日晨禁食4小时,禁饮2小时。术前常规行患侧体表标示,术前常规告知家属如术中探查对侧内环口未闭,术中同时手术。术前嘱患儿排空膀胱(不常规留置尿管)。
所有女性患儿采用经脐单孔法手术(图1)。具体手术过程如下(图2):手术行全麻插管或喉罩静脉麻醉,麻醉成功后,患儿取足高头低位。常规消毒铺巾,取脐部0.5 cm切口一个,插入5 mm Trocar,建立CO2气腹,气腹压力8~10 mmHg,置入腹腔镜镜头,探查腹腔见内环口缺损,疝钩针(图1)带2-0爱惜邦不吸收线自内环口12点体表投影正上方1 cm处进针,避开腹壁下血管(先内侧后外侧),经腹膜外潜行环绕半圈(无需避开圆韧带),至内环口下方中点处刺破腹膜穿出入腹,稍稍退针将线放入腹腔(必要时使用镜头辅助),将线一端留在腹腔,退针至进针点处从反方向潜行环绕半圈,进入腹腔将线带出,挤出远端疝囊的积气后收紧环线,皮下打结。同时探查对侧情况,若对侧有隐匿性疝存在,则同时手术。排空气腹,推出器械,Trocar戳孔处切口缝合,包扎切口。在探查对侧时,若有腹膜皱襞影响探查,可在手术侧针进入腹腔穿破腹膜进入腹腔时,用钩针去牵拉对侧的皱襞,可以准确探查。
图1. 单孔腹腔镜操作
图2. 手术过程简略图
图3. 术后切口外观
所有患儿均成功完成腹腔镜手术,其中2例因输卵管离内环口较近,在脐旁作一3 mm Trocar,插入3 mm辅助钳将输卵管向腹腔牵拉,避免结扎时牵扯到输卵管。无中转开腹手术。手术时间10~15分钟。术中探查发现对侧疝25例(25/72)。术后切口美观(图3)。术后6小时进食。1例患儿术后出现发热,予以抗病毒对症治疗等治疗后恢复;其他患儿均无并发症发生。术后随访10月~3年10月,无复发。
腹股沟疝(Inguinal hernia)是小儿最常见外科疾病之一,男性多于女性,其发病原因跟睾丸的下降有感。女性患儿无睾丸结构,其发生腹股沟疝的原因与圆韧带的下降有关。女孩的子宫圆韧带与男性睾丸睾丸引带同源于胚胎期中肾的腹股沟韧带,子宫圆韧带与腹膜鞘状突(Nuck管)一同穿过腹股沟管进入大阴唇,生后鞘状突已闭合,如闭合受阻则腹腔内容物可通过此管下降至Nuck管而形成腹股沟斜疝 [
女性患儿腹股沟疝因没有精索、输精管结构,因此操作相对较男性患儿简单,因此我们采用经脐部隐藏切口单孔腹腔镜手术,无需辅助钳,手术时间短、恢复快,切口无疤痕。有研究结果提示腹腔镜手术和传统手术在手术时间、住院时间、疼痛评分、并发症、复发率方面没有差异,但腹腔镜手术患者异时疝的发生率低于传统手术 [
传统的疝钩针包括报道的克氏针、硬膜外穿刺针都是两次进针带线,这样不能保证在同一点进针,最后打结时会将腹膜外组织扎进去,容易形成皮下硬结或组织反应。2014年国内李索林教授报道了双钩注水疝针 [
经脐单孔腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术治疗女性患儿腹股沟疝具有创伤小、切口美观、探查对侧、操作简单,术后切口无疤痕,并发症少,值得临床推广。
杨 坤,李 杨,祝 维,黄 曈,龚光伟. 经脐单孔腹腔镜治疗女性小儿腹股沟疝84例Single-Port Laparoscopic Treatment for Inguinal Hernia in Female Children on 84 Cases[J]. 亚洲儿科病例研究, 2023, 11(01): 7-11. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACRP.2023.111002
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