目的:分析研究CT三维成像辅助手法复位加医用高分子夹板弹力带外固定治疗桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法:选取在2020年1月至2021年12月期间骨伤科诊治的桡骨远端骨折120例,按随机数字表法将其分为CT三维成像组和对照组,各60例。CT三维成像组运用CT三维成像技术还原桡骨远端骨折全景图,通过观察CT三维成像桡骨远端骨折的全景图,进行手法复位并予医用高分子夹板弹力带外固定的方法进行治疗;而对照组直接采用手法整复小夹板外固定的方法进行治疗。研究分析治疗后两组患者桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效。结果:CT三维成像组在骨折复位后早期患肢的疼痛、肿胀较对照组明显减轻,差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05);患肢最终功能恢复及远期临床疗效优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05);在腕关节功能Cooney评分中优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05);同时在纠正骨折掌倾角、尺偏角、防止桡骨短缩上均优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论:CT三维成像辅助手法复位加医用高分子夹板弹力带外固定治疗桡骨远端骨折临床研究结果显示,治疗组临床疗效明显优于对照组,骨折愈合率高,并发症与后遗症显著减少,综合疗效好,简便易行,值得临床推广应用。 Objective: To analyze the clinical efficacy of CT three-dimensional imaging assisted manual reduc-tion combined with medical polymer splint elastic band external fixation in the treatment of Colles fractures. Methods: A total of 120 cases of Colles fractures diagnosed and treated in orthopedics department from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected and divided into CT three-dimensional imaging group and control group according to the random number table method, with 60 cases in each group. The CT three-dimensional imaging group used the CT three-dimensional imaging technology to restore the panoramic view of the Colles fracture. By ob-serving the panoramic view of the CT three-dimensional imaging of the Colles fracture, manual re-duction and external fixation with medical polymer splint were performed. However, the control group was treated with manual rectification and external fixation of small splint to analyze the clin-ical efficacy of Colles fracture in two groups after treatment. Results: The pain and swelling of the affected limb in the three dimensional CT imaging group were significantly reduced compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The final functional recovery and long-term clinical efficacy of the af-fected limb were better than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically signifi-cant (P < 0.05). The Cooney score of wrist function was better than that of control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). At the same time, it was better than the control group in correcting palmar angle, ulnar angle and preventing radius shortening, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The clinical results of CT three-dimensional imaging assisted manual reduction combined with medical polymer splint elastic band external fixation in the treatment of Colles fractures show that the clinical efficacy of the treatment group is significantly better than that of the control group, the fracture healing rate is higher, the complica-tions and sequelae are significantly reduced, the comprehensive effect is good, simple and feasible, and it is worthy of clinical application.
目的:分析研究CT三维成像辅助手法复位加医用高分子夹板弹力带外固定治疗桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法:选取在2020年1月至2021年12月期间骨伤科诊治的桡骨远端骨折120例,按随机数字表法将其分为CT三维成像组和对照组,各60例。CT三维成像组运用CT三维成像技术还原桡骨远端骨折全景图,通过观察CT三维成像桡骨远端骨折的全景图,进行手法复位并予医用高分子夹板弹力带外固定的方法进行治疗;而对照组直接采用手法整复小夹板外固定的方法进行治疗。研究分析治疗后两组患者桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效。结果:CT三维成像组在骨折复位后早期患肢的疼痛、肿胀较对照组明显减轻,差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05);患肢最终功能恢复及远期临床疗效优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05);在腕关节功能Cooney评分中优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05);同时在纠正骨折掌倾角、尺偏角、防止桡骨短缩上均优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论:CT三维成像辅助手法复位加医用高分子夹板弹力带外固定治疗桡骨远端骨折临床研究结果显示,治疗组临床疗效明显优于对照组,骨折愈合率高,并发症与后遗症显著减少,综合疗效好,简便易行,值得临床推广应用。
桡骨远端骨折,CT三维成像,医用高分子夹板,弹力带外固定
Deming Liu, Yao Zhu*, Chunyan Xu, Yunwei Xi
Nanjing Luhe District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Jiangsu
Received: Nov. 29th, 2022; accepted: Dec. 24th, 2022; published: Dec. 31st, 2022
Objective: To analyze the clinical efficacy of CT three-dimensional imaging assisted manual reduction combined with medical polymer splint elastic band external fixation in the treatment of Colles fractures. Methods: A total of 120 cases of Colles fractures diagnosed and treated in orthopedics department from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected and divided into CT three-dimensional imaging group and control group according to the random number table method, with 60 cases in each group. The CT three-dimensional imaging group used the CT three-dimensional imaging technology to restore the panoramic view of the Colles fracture. By observing the panoramic view of the CT three-dimensional imaging of the Colles fracture, manual reduction and external fixation with medical polymer splint were performed. However, the control group was treated with manual rectification and external fixation of small splint to analyze the clinical efficacy of Colles fracture in two groups after treatment. Results: The pain and swelling of the affected limb in the three dimensional CT imaging group were significantly reduced compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The final functional recovery and long-term clinical efficacy of the affected limb were better than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The Cooney score of wrist function was better than that of control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). At the same time, it was better than the control group in correcting palmar angle, ulnar angle and preventing radius shortening, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The clinical results of CT three-dimensional imaging assisted manual reduction combined with medical polymer splint elastic band external fixation in the treatment of Colles fractures show that the clinical efficacy of the treatment group is significantly better than that of the control group, the fracture healing rate is higher, the complications and sequelae are significantly reduced, the comprehensive effect is good, simple and feasible, and it is worthy of clinical application.
Keywords:Fracture of Distal Radius, CT Three-Dimensional Imaging, Medical Polymer Splint, Elastic Band External Fixation
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桡骨远端骨折是临床最常见的骨折之一,约占全部骨折的15% [
选取在2020年1月至2021年12月期间骨伤科诊治的桡骨远端骨120例,按随机数字表法将其分为实验组和对照组;两组患者的年龄、损伤位置、性别比较差异无统计学意义,具有可比性,见表1。两组患者复位前影像学参数(掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度)比较差异无统计学意义,具有可比性,见表2。
组别 | 例数 | 年龄(岁) | 男 | 女 | 左 | 右 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
实验组 | 60 | 61.55 ± 11.82 | 27 | 33 | 28 | 32 |
对照组 | 60 | 65.63 ± 10.88 | 31 | 29 | 26 | 34 |
表1. 两组患者临床资料比较
参数 | 治疗组 | 对照组 | t | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
尺偏角(˚) | 2.16 ± 1.18 | 2.28 ± 1.01 | −0.579 | 0.564 |
掌倾角(˚) | 0.68 ± 1.98 | 0.85 ± 2.01 | −0.971 | 0.645 |
桡骨高度(mm) | 2.58 ± 0.74 | 2.37 ± 0.48 | 1.865 | 0.065 |
表2. 两组患者复位前影像学参数比较
① 符合《中医病症诊断疗效标准·桡骨远端骨折》 [
① 不符合诊断标准的患者;② 开放性骨折或病理性骨折者;或伴有严重血管神经损伤者;③ 桡骨远端骨折分型:屈曲型骨折(Smith骨折)、桡骨远端关节面骨折(Barton骨折)者;④ 患肢血运障碍或患肢严重的张力性水泡者;⑤ 患有精神病的患者或中途停止和退出临床试验者。
二组病例,无移位稳定骨折患者直接予小夹板固定或医用高分子夹板及弹力带中立位固定治疗;有移位的骨折患者均予手法整复,整复前均采用骨折局部浸润麻醉,整复后予外固定。外固定后患者屈肘90˚颈腕带悬吊于胸前,指导患者功能锻炼。
① 治疗组:治疗前先行骨折部位CT扫描并进行三维重建,然后根据三维重建图进行手法整复和放置压垫,最后进行外固定:裁取长短适宜的掌侧和背侧两块医用高分子夹板(南京双威生物医学科技有限公司生产,规格:7.5 cm × 30 cm),用水沾湿并塑形,用2.0 cm宽弹力带(浙江省安吉宏德医疗用品有限公司生产)均匀用力螺旋形缠绕超腕关节固定,缠绕时每圈有0.5 cm宽部分重叠;其中背侧的医用高分子夹板超腕关节,掌侧医用高分子夹板不超腕关节,塑形后用弹力带从背侧医用高分子夹板远端开始到桡侧、掌侧、尺侧,再到背侧螺旋均匀用力向上缠绕已初步塑形的医用高分子夹板,弹力带最后止于背侧医用高分子夹板;医用高分子夹板弹力带固定好后再维持塑形固定2~3分钟至最终定型(见图1);定型后拍摄腕关节正侧位X线片确认复位效果(见图2);医用高分子夹板及弹力带固定时间为4~6周。
图1. 医用高分子夹板弹力带外固定后照片
图2. 复位前后X线片
② 对照组:治疗前先行腕关节正侧位X线摄片,根据X线片进行手法整复和放置压垫,最后予小夹板外固定:前臂均匀缠绕绷带衬垫后用前臂小夹板固定于中立位,其中骨折远端背侧、桡侧及骨折近端掌侧于相应夹板对应处置棉垫,小夹板固定后四条扎带捆扎;固定时间4~6周,随诊调整扎带松紧度。
分别记录比较两组患者手法复外固定治疗后1周、2周、1月、2月的患肢疼痛评分和患肢肿胀评分,最终于骨折治疗3月后进行腕关节功能评分、临床疗效测定;同时记录复位前、复位后即刻、临床愈合后的影像学参数(掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度)。
① 患肢疼痛采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS) [
运用SPSS26.0统计学软件对数据进行分析处理,计量资料数据用“ x ¯ ± s ”表示,比较行t检验,计数资料以n (%)表示,比较行卡方检验;P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
1) 两组患者疼痛评分比较:治疗后1周、2周时治疗组患肢疼痛评分低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05);两组患者治疗后1个月、2个月时患肢疼痛评分差异无统计学意义,见表3。
组别 | 例数 | 1周 | 2周 | 1个月 | 2个月 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
治疗组 | 60 | 4.25 ± 0.83 | 3.01 ± 0.56 | 1.03 ± 0.39 | 0.67 ± 0.53 |
对照组 | 60 | 5.96 ± 0.67 | 4.23 ± 0.48 | 1.21 ± 0.61 | 0.74 ± 0.42 |
t | −4.978 | −4.135 | −1.921 | −1.023 | |
P | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.063 | 0.201 |
表3. 两组患者疼痛视觉模拟评分比较
2) 两组患者患肢肿胀评分比较:治疗后1周、2周时治疗组患肢肿胀评分低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05);两组患者治疗后1个月、2个月患肢肿胀评分差异无统计学意义,见表4。
组别 | 例数 | 1周 | 2周 | 1个月 | 2个月 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
治疗组 | 60 | 1.29 ± 0.43 | 0.94 ± 0.41 | 0.62 ± 0.37 | 0.42 ± 0.5 |
对照组 | 60 | 2.11 ± 0.48 | 1.77 ± 0.65 | 0.87 ± 0.22 | 0.61 ± 0.58 |
t | −5.917 | −7.275 | −1.708 | −1.921 | |
P | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.117 | 0.073 |
表4. 两组患者患肢肿胀评分比较
3) 两组患者治疗后即刻的掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度比较,治疗组均明显优于对照组(P < 0.05),见表5。
4) 两组患者临床愈合后掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度比较,治疗组均显著优于对照组(P < 0.05),见表6。
5) 两组患者临床愈合腕关节功能Cooney评分,治疗组总分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),见表7。
参数 | 治疗组 | 对照组 | t | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
尺偏角(˚) | 22.36 ± 1.48 | 21.49 ± 1.57 | 3.213 | 0.002 |
掌倾角(˚) | 12.74 ± 1.53 | 11.73 ± 1.66 | 3.451 | 0.001 |
桡骨高度(mm) | 11.33 ± 0.62 | 10.77 ± 0.64 | 4.908 | 0.000 |
表5. 两组患者治疗后即刻的掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度比较
参数 | 治疗组 | 对照组 | T | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
尺偏角(˚) | 22.35 ± 1.49 | 21.42 ± 1.59 | 3.316 | 0.001 |
掌倾角(˚) | 12.72 ± 1.53 | 11.62 ± 1.65 | 3.755 | 0.000 |
桡骨高度(mm) | 11.31 ± 0.63 | 10.70 ± 0.67 | 5.144 | 0.000 |
表6. 两组患者临床愈合后掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度比较
参数 | 治疗组 | 对照组 | T | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
评分 | 111.2 ± 7.11 | 100.1 ± 14.71 | 5.215 | 0.000 |
表7. 两组患者Coony腕关节功能评分比较
6) 两组患者临床疗效比较,治疗组总有效率高于对照组,见表8。
组别 | 例数 | 治愈 | 好转 | 无效 | 有效率(%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
治疗组 | 60 | 53 | 5 | 2 | 96.7 |
对照组 | 60 | 45 | 8 | 7 | 88.3 |
表8. 两组患者临床疗效比较
桡骨远端骨折的治疗关键在于良好的复位后进行有效固定,配合早期功能锻炼,力争减少并发症和后遗症的发生,早期恢复腕关节功能。桡骨短缩是影响关节功能的主要因素,而关节面不平整是引起创伤性关节炎的主要原因,因此纠正桡骨远端短缩,恢复关节面平整是获得良好腕关节功能的基础 [
手摸心会是保证手法复位纠正桡骨远端短缩和恢复关节面平整的关键方法,结合了传统中医摸法与现代X线阅片。X线片为摸法提供了很大的视觉辅助,但X线片只展示平面图像,无法清晰展示断端空间结构。CT三维重建则可以360˚无死角地全面展现立体的骨折断端,大大降低了手摸心会的难度,方便医师迅速确定手法复位的方案以及压垫精准放置的位置。
小夹板外固定是维持良好复位结果的重要措施,可以很好地促进骨折愈合,其核心理念是“动静平衡”。小夹板外固定由夹板、束带、压垫等材料组成。其中,夹板是外固定的骨架,束带用于维持骨架的稳定,压垫是对骨架应力集中处的补强配件。在骨折的血肿炎症机化期,束带对夹板的持续约束力可以维持骨折的对线,压垫的放置可以防止骨折断端成角畸形,维持尺偏角和掌倾角 [
然而传统小夹板外固定的束带缺乏弹性,若绑扎过紧则易致压疮,甚至影响血运产生筋膜间室综合症;而当炎症水肿期消退后,小夹板外固定又有可能缺乏有效的固定作用而再次发生位移。传统的解决方案是高频次随诊调整束带松紧度,这给医患双方带来诸多不便。医用高分子夹板配合弹力带固定则较好地解决了传统小夹板配合束带固定的高频次调整的缺点,在维持骨折对线的基础上降低了随诊频率。
本研究采用的治疗方案同时优化了骨折的复位和外固定环节,结果显示,通过CT三维成像辅助手法复位加医用高分子夹板弹力带外固定治疗桡骨远端骨折,在手法复位精准度、防止骨折再移位和预防患肢血运障碍等方面相比传统的中医手法复位小夹板固定治疗,有明显的优越性。基于上述结果,笔者推论:① CT三维成像相较于腕关节正侧位片,能更好地还原桡骨远端骨折的全景图,让医生更直观地诊断骨折分型、移位及粉碎程度,制定合理的手法整复方案和放置压垫,既解决了桡骨短缩的问题,又克服了尺偏角、掌倾角丢失及复位后再次位移等难题。② 医用高分子夹板固化前可塑性强,固化后稳定性强,两种优点结合使其能达到个性化牢靠固定的效果;其更大的接触面积可以有效预防骨突部位的压疮;有研究可塑性腕关节支具对比小夹板治疗临床疗效更好 [
根据本研究的结果可以得出结论,CT三维成像辅助手法复位加医用高分子夹板弹力带外固定治疗伸直型桡骨远端骨折,与传统的小夹板固定法相比,可以更好地改善早期患肢疼痛及肿胀,最终功能恢复及远期临床疗效;同时更好地纠正骨折掌倾角、尺偏角,防止桡骨短缩;最终取得更好的疗效,增加骨折愈合率,减少并发症。本研究只限于桡骨远端Colles骨折临床研究,对于smith骨折等其他类型的桡骨远端骨折有待进一步深入研究。
南京市六合区科技局科研基金项目(No. 六科字20201207)。
刘德明,朱 垚,许春彦,席云卫. CT三维重建辅助手法复位加医用高分子夹板弹力带外固定治疗Colles骨折临床研究Clinical Study on the Treatment of Colles Fracture with CT Three-Dimensional Imaging Assisted Manual Reduction and Medical Polymer Splint Elastic Band External Fixation[J]. 临床医学进展, 2022, 12(12): 12198-12205. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2022.12121757
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