目的:建立青岛市健康新生儿血清钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶的参考值范围,从而为青岛市新生儿健康体检及疾病诊断提供依据。方法:收集2020年11月到2021年5月,在青岛市妇女儿童医院产科及新生儿科招募出生后1~28天新生儿作为参考人群,共计1614例纳入研究组,其中男926例,女688例。将其分为4个日龄组,分别为1~7天(864名)、8~14天(452名)、15~21天(173名)、22~28天(125名)。使用西门子Siemens advia 2400全自动生化检测仪检测所有新生儿的血清钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶浓度。比较和分析不同日龄组以及组中不同性别新生儿的上述指标水平,建立青岛地区不同日龄段健康新生儿参考值范围。结果:不同日龄组新生儿Ca、P、ALP水平比较差异均有统计学意义;各日龄组内不同性别新生儿的Ca、P、ALP水平比较差异均无统计学意义。确定各日龄组健康新生儿Ca、P、ALP的参考区间分别为:1~7天:Ca 1.98~2.61 mmol/L,P 1.51~2.84 mmol/L,ALP 88~279 U/L;8~14天:Ca 2.24~2.79 mmol/L,P 1.59~2.81 mmol/L,ALP 103~343 U/L;15~21天:Ca 2.26~2.86 mmol/L,P 1.51~2.71 mmol/L, ALP 151~379 U/L;22~28天:Ca 2.19~2.77 mmol/L,P 1.46~2.61 mmol/L,ALP 159~390 U/L。结论:初步建立了青岛市健康新生儿血清Ca、P和ALP的参考区间,对临床医生特别是新儿科医生对上述指标的结果解释和临床干预具有很好的参考价值。 Objective: To establish the reference value range of serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phos-phatase of healthy neonates in Qingdao, so as to provide basis for health examination and disease diagnosis of neonates in Qingdao. Methods: From November 2020 to May 2021, 1614 neonates (926 males and 688 females) who were recruited from Obstetrics and Neonatal Department of Qingdao Women’s and Children’s Hospital from 0~28 days after birth were included in the study group. They were divided into four age groups: 1~7 days (864), 8~14 days (452), 15~21 days (173), and 22~28 days (125). The serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase of all neonates were meas-ured with Siemens advia 2400 automatic biochemical detector to compare and analyze the above indicator levels of newborns of different age groups and genders in groups, and establish the nor-mal reference value range of newborns of different age groups in Qingdao. Results: The levels of Ca, P and ALP in neonates of different age groups were statistically significant; there was no significant difference in the levels of Ca, P and ALP among different sex newborns in each day age group. The normal reference values of Ca, P and ALP of neonates in each age group were determined as follows: 1~7 days: Ca 1.98~2.61 mmol/L, P 1.51~2.84 mmol/L, ALP 88~279 U/L; 8~14 days: Ca 2.24~2.79 mmol/L, P 1.59~2.81 mmol/L, ALP 103~343 U/L; 15~21 days: Ca 2.26~2.86 mmol/L, P 1.51~2.71 mmol/L, ALP 151~379 U/L; 22~28 days: Ca 2.19~2.77 mmol/L, P 1.46~2.61 mmol/L, ALP 159~390 U/L. Conclusion: The reference interval of serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase of healthy neonates in Qingdao has been preliminarily established, which has a good reference value for clinicians, especially new pediatricians, to interpret the results of the above indicators and to intervene in clinical practice.
目的:建立青岛市健康新生儿血清钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶的参考值范围,从而为青岛市新生儿健康体检及疾病诊断提供依据。方法:收集2020年11月到2021年5月,在青岛市妇女儿童医院产科及新生儿科招募出生后1~28天新生儿作为参考人群,共计1614例纳入研究组,其中男926例,女688例。将其分为4个日龄组,分别为1~7天(864名)、8~14天(452名)、15~21天(173名)、22~28天(125名)。使用西门子Siemens advia 2400全自动生化检测仪检测所有新生儿的血清钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶浓度。比较和分析不同日龄组以及组中不同性别新生儿的上述指标水平,建立青岛地区不同日龄段健康新生儿参考值范围。结果:不同日龄组新生儿Ca、P、ALP水平比较差异均有统计学意义;各日龄组内不同性别新生儿的Ca、P、ALP水平比较差异均无统计学意义。确定各日龄组健康新生儿Ca、P、ALP的参考区间分别为:1~7天:Ca 1.98~2.61 mmol/L,P 1.51~2.84 mmol/L,ALP 88~279 U/L;8~14天:Ca 2.24~2.79 mmol/L,P 1.59~2.81 mmol/L,ALP 103~343 U/L;15~21天:Ca 2.26~2.86 mmol/L,P 1.51~2.71 mmol/L, ALP 151~379 U/L;22~28天:Ca 2.19~2.77 mmol/L,P 1.46~2.61 mmol/L,ALP 159~390 U/L。结论:初步建立了青岛市健康新生儿血清Ca、P和ALP的参考区间,对临床医生特别是新儿科医生对上述指标的结果解释和临床干预具有很好的参考价值。
新生儿,钙,磷,碱性磷酸酶,参考区间
Xiaofeng Zhang1, Yu Zhao2, Wenhua Xiao1, Lijun Yang3, Tao Wei4*
1Medical Department of Qingdao University, Qingdao Shandong
2Qitaihe People’s Hospital, Qitaihe Heilongjiang
3Qitaihe City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qitaihe Heilongjiang
4Qingdao Women’s and Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao Shandong
Received: Nov. 26th, 2022; accepted: Dec. 23rd, 2022; published: Dec. 30th, 2022
Objective: To establish the reference value range of serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase of healthy neonates in Qingdao, so as to provide basis for health examination and disease diagnosis of neonates in Qingdao. Methods: From November 2020 to May 2021, 1614 neonates (926 males and 688 females) who were recruited from Obstetrics and Neonatal Department of Qingdao Women’s and Children’s Hospital from 0~28 days after birth were included in the study group. They were divided into four age groups: 1~7 days (864), 8~14 days (452), 15~21 days (173), and 22~28 days (125). The serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase of all neonates were measured with Siemens advia 2400 automatic biochemical detector to compare and analyze the above indicator levels of newborns of different age groups and genders in groups, and establish the normal reference value range of newborns of different age groups in Qingdao. Results: The levels of Ca, P and ALP in neonates of different age groups were statistically significant; there was no significant difference in the levels of Ca, P and ALP among different sex newborns in each day age group. The normal reference values of Ca, P and ALP of neonates in each age group were determined as follows: 1~7 days: Ca 1.98~2.61 mmol/L, P 1.51~2.84 mmol/L, ALP 88~279 U/L; 8~14 days: Ca 2.24~2.79 mmol/L, P 1.59~2.81 mmol/L, ALP 103~343 U/L; 15~21 days: Ca 2.26~2.86 mmol/L, P 1.51~2.71 mmol/L, ALP 151~379 U/L; 22~28 days: Ca 2.19~2.77 mmol/L, P 1.46~2.61 mmol/L, ALP 159~390 U/L. Conclusion: The reference interval of serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase of healthy neonates in Qingdao has been preliminarily established, which has a good reference value for clinicians, especially new pediatricians, to interpret the results of the above indicators and to intervene in clinical practice.
Keywords:Neonatal, Calcium, Phosphorus, Alkaline Phosphatase, Reference Interval
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血清钙(calcium, Ca)、磷(phosphate, P)和碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, ALP)的水平和新生儿骨骼发育密切相关 [
2020年11月到2021年5月,在青岛市妇女儿童医院产科及新生儿科招募出生后1~28天新生儿作为参考人群,共1614例纳入研究组,其中男926例,女688例。本研究的纳入标准为:足月分娩的新生儿(日龄在1~28天)。排除标准:1) 胎龄:<37周或≥42周;2) 出生体重:≥4000 g或<2500 g;3) 母亲患有孕期慢性疾病或代谢疾病等疾病;4) 母亲孕期服用治疗性药物;5) 围产期窒息缺氧者;6) 一周之内患各种急性疾病者;7) 经医院诊断的患先天性疾病(遗传代谢病、先天性心脏病等);8) 两周内有服药史者:包括治疗性药物(如抗生素、激素等);9) 不能签署知情同意书者:父母或者法定监护人不签署知情同意书者。本研究已经过伦理审核通过。
西门子Siemens advia 2400全自动生化检测仪为主要的检测设备,应用西门子原厂试剂盒。使用邻甲酚酞络合酮比色法测定Ca的浓度,使用钼酸盐紫外分光光度法法测定P的浓度,使用速率法(比色法)测定ALP的浓度。所有检测项目的标准品均为原厂试剂配套的标准品,质控品均使用美国伯乐公司的质控品。
空腹采集静脉血2~3 ml,对新生儿要保证血标本采集的质量,又不能让其禁食过久,可根据以下规律来控制禁食时间:母乳喂养只需禁食2~3小时;配方奶喂养只需禁食3~4小时。新生儿行桡动脉,根据需要可采取侧卧位。标本采集后在室温(22℃~25℃)放置30 min待其自行凝固后离心。离心时间为10 min,相对离心力(RCF以g来表示)为1200 g (IFCC建议1200 g离心10 min)。标本于−80℃冰箱保存。标本检测时取出并放置室温1小时复溶、混均后即可检测。标本只能冻融一次,不可反复冻融。
参照CLSIC28-A3 (2008)要求分析数据,建立参考区间。按照Dixon方法判断和剔除异常值/离群值。Dixon方法是将分析数据由小到大排序,求可疑值与其最临近值绝对差值(D)大于可疑值与最远观察值绝对差值(R),若D/R > 1/3,则可判断为离群值。使用非参数方法建立Ca、P、ALP的参考区间。并计算上限和下限值的90%置信区间。为获得参考区间的良好估计,可采用bootstrap方法,从单个参考值子集重新抽样以提供稳健的结果估计 [
经Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验得出,青岛地区1614例0~28天健康新生儿的血清碱性磷酸酶、钙、磷均呈非正态性分布。经Mann-Whitney U检验得出,不同性别儿童的Ca、ALP、P参考区间比较均无统计学意义(p值分别为0.939、0.120、0.230,p > 0.05)。按日龄划分不同日龄段的ALP、Ca、P的参考区间之间比较有统计学差异(p值为分别为0.000、0.000、0.001,p < 0.05)。新生儿出生后到第28天P的浓度较平稳,随日龄的变化不大(图1)。Ca和ALP的浓度随日龄的变化逐渐升高(图2、图3)。
图1. 新生儿血清P浓度随日龄的变化
图2. 新生儿血清Ca浓度随日龄的变化
图3. 新生儿血清ALP浓度随日龄的变化
本实验研究对象共计1614名健康新生儿,对各日龄段新生儿血清ALP、Ca、P水平检测并统计分析各个日龄段参考区间(表1)。对以日龄分组进行差异比较后进行参考区间合并,建立青岛市健康新生儿血清Ca、P、ALP参考区间(表2)。
日龄(d) | 性别 | n | Ca (mmol/L) | P (mmol/L) | ALP (U/L) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2.5 | 97.5 | 2.5 | 97.5 | 2.5 | 97.5 | |||
1~7 | 男 | 483 | 1.99 | 2.62 | 1.46 | 2.79 | 81 | 272 |
女 | 381 | 1.98 | 2.61 | 1.59 | 2.90 | 93 | 308 | |
8~14 | 男 | 257 | 2.22 | 2.79 | 1.55 | 2.83 | 97 | 354 |
女 | 195 | 2.23 | 2.75 | 1.60 | 2.81 | 104 | 337 | |
15~21 | 男 | 110 | 2.21 | 2.91 | 1.50 | 2.69 | 151 | 392 |
女 | 63 | 2.26 | 2.85 | 1.31 | 2.72 | 143 | 346 | |
22~28 | 男 | 76 | 2.16 | 2.80 | 1.23 | 2.65 | 137 | 406 |
女 | 49 | 2.20 | 2.77 | 1.46 | 2.61 | 139 | 366 |
表1. 各日龄段新生儿血清ALP、Ca、P参考区间
项目 | 单位 | 日龄(天) | 例数 | 参考区间 | 90%置信区间(2.5%) | 90%置信区间(97.5%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ca | mmol/L | 1~7 | 864 | 1.98~2.61 | 1.95~2.03 | 2.60~2.63 |
8~14 | 452 | 2.24~2.76 | 2.17~2.25 | 2.73~2.80 | ||
15~21 | 173 | 2.26~2.86 | 2.19~2.29 | 2.76~2.93 | ||
22~28 | 125 | 2.19~2.77 | 2.08~2.24 | 2.72~2.88 | ||
P | mmol/L | 1~7 | 864 | 1.51~2.84 | 1.38~1.59 | 2.76~2.89 |
8~14 | 452 | 1.59~2.81 | 1.51~1.77 | 2.78~2.89 | ||
15~21 | 173 | 1.51~2.71 | 1.17~1.58 | 2.67~2.74 | ||
22~28 | 125 | 1.46~2.61 | 1.19~1.73 | 2.52~2.67 | ||
ALP | U/L | 1~7 | 864 | 88~279 | 84~91 | 263~298 |
8~14 | 452 | 103~343 | 97~109 | 325~360 | ||
15~21 | 173 | 151~376 | 140~158 | 358~402 | ||
22~28 | 125 | 159~390 | 142~169 | 375~406 |
表2. 各日龄段新生儿血清ALP、Ca、P参考区间
疾病的筛查、诊断和监测依赖于临床实验室中一系列疾病生物标志物的测量,以指导临床决策。实验室报告提供的参考区间对测试结果的解释至关重要,可以显著影响临床决策和患者的治疗质量。临床医生依靠准确、可靠的参考区间对实验室检测结果进行评估。目前我国新生儿实验室检验指标采用的参考区间大多引用国内成人标准或国外文献报道,缺乏中国新生儿数据的支持 [
血清钙Ca、P和ALP的水平与新生儿骨骼发育密切相关 [
本研究为青岛市科技惠民专项立项经费支持,项目编号为:19-6-1-1-nsh。
张晓峰,赵 宇,肖文华,杨立军,魏 涛. 青岛市健康新生儿血清钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶参考区间的研究Study on the Reference Interval of Serum Calcium, Phosphorus and Alkaline Phosphatase of Healthy Newborn in Qingdao[J]. 临床医学进展, 2022, 12(12): 12177-12183. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2022.12121754
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