吉大319系吉林大学植物科学学院选育的优良食味广适水稻新品种,2018年通过国家审定。2015~2016年参加早粳晚熟组区域试验,两年区域试验平均亩产654.97 kg/667m2,比对照吉玉粳增产1.75%;2017年参加生产试验,平均产量613.08 kg/667m2,比对照吉玉粳增产7.72%。该品种株型紧凑、分蘖力强,籽粒灌浆速率快、抗倒伏、耐盐碱,米质达到国家《优质稻谷》标准2级,适应种植区域广泛。适宜在黑龙江省第一积温带上限、吉林省中熟稻区、辽宁省东北部、宁夏引黄灌区及内蒙古赤峰地区的稻瘟病轻发区种植。 Jida 319 is a new rice variety with good taste and wide suitability, which was selected and bred by Plant Science College of Jilin University. It was registered in China in 2018. The average yield of regional test from 2015 to 2016 was 654.97 kg/667m2, which was 1.75% higher than that of the control variety Jiyugeng. This variety has compact plant type, strong tiller ability, fast grain filling rate, lodging resistance, saline-alkaline tolerance, rice quality conforms to the requirements of second-class edible japonica variety quality. It is suitable for planting in the lighter region of rice blast, Such as Upper limit of the first accumulative temperate zone in Heilongjiang Province, mid-maturing rice area of Jilin Province, The northeast of Liaoning Province, the Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia and the Chifeng area of Inner Mongolia.
吉大319系吉林大学植物科学学院选育的优良食味广适水稻新品种,2018年通过国家审定。2015~2016年参加早粳晚熟组区域试验,两年区域试验平均亩产654.97 kg/667m2,比对照吉玉粳增产1.75%;2017年参加生产试验,平均产量613.08 kg/667m2,比对照吉玉粳增产7.72%。该品种株型紧凑、分蘖力强,籽粒灌浆速率快、抗倒伏、耐盐碱,米质达到国家《优质稻谷》标准2级,适应种植区域广泛。适宜在黑龙江省第一积温带上限、吉林省中熟稻区、辽宁省东北部、宁夏引黄灌区及内蒙古赤峰地区的稻瘟病轻发区种植。
水稻,新品种,优良食味,广适,吉大319
Shufang Li1, Jinghua Jin2, Lin Fang3, Tao Wu4*, Chengzhe Quan2*
1Crop Resources Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling Jilin
2Rice Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling Jilin
3Jinfuyuan Agricultural Science and Technology Limited Company, Gongzhuling Jilin
4College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun Jilin
Received: Nov. 9th, 2022; accepted: Dec. 7th, 2022; published: Dec. 14th, 2022
Jida 319 is a new rice variety with good taste and wide suitability, which was selected and bred by Plant Science College of Jilin University. It was registered in China in 2018. The average yield of regional test from 2015 to 2016 was 654.97 kg/667m2, which was 1.75% higher than that of the control variety Jiyugeng. This variety has compact plant type, strong tiller ability, fast grain filling rate, lodging resistance, saline-alkaline tolerance, rice quality conforms to the requirements of second-class edible japonica variety quality. It is suitable for planting in the lighter region of rice blast, Such as Upper limit of the first accumulative temperate zone in Heilongjiang Province, mid-maturing rice area of Jilin Province, The northeast of Liaoning Province, the Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia and the Chifeng area of Inner Mongolia.
Keywords:Rice, New Varieties, Good Taste, Wide Suitability, Jida 319, Breeding
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水稻是仅次于小麦和玉米的第三大粮食作物,耕种和食用历史悠久。中国是世界上最早栽培和食用水稻的国家,早在三千多年前的殷商时代就已有种植 [
吉林省地处我国东北部,既是农业大省,也是我国重要的商品粮生产基地,光、温、水充沛,可以为水稻的各个生长期提供充足养分 [
吉大319以粳型常规稻吉粳88为母本(♀),通丰9号为父本(♂),人工杂交组配,又经吉林与海南多代自交选育而成(见图1)。该品种在适宜栽种区域经多次栽种试验后,2015年~2016年参加国家区域试验,2017年参加生产试验,2018年通过国家审定,审定编号为:国审稻20180072。
图1. 吉大319系谱选育过程
以理想株型 [
吉大319为粳型常规水稻新品种。全生育期151.4天,比对照吉玉粳晚熟5.3天。幼苗健壮,叶片坚挺上举,茎秆柔韧,持绿性好,抗倒伏能力强,落粒性好,便于机械化收获;因其中的亲本具有耐盐碱性,因此,吉大319耐盐碱性好,在较重的盐碱地块种植,减产性小;抽穗后籽粒灌浆速率快,籽粒饱满度好,后期能够活秆成熟。适应栽种的区域广,适宜在黑龙江省第一积温带上限、吉林省中熟稻区、辽宁省东北部、宁夏引黄灌区以及内蒙古赤峰地区的稻瘟病轻发区种植。
在水稻生长的关键时期(苗期、成株期)进行人工接种,苗期分菌系人工接种,成株期对病区进行多点异地自然诱发鉴定。经人工接种病级标准鉴定结果:稻瘟病综合指数两年分别为1.7、0.4,穗颈瘟损失率最高级为5级,中感(MS)稻瘟病。
依据NY/T593-2013《食用稻品种品质》标准和农业部稻米及制品质量监督检验测试中心检验结果,吉大319整精米率70.2%,垩白粒率8.7%,垩白度1.6%,直链淀粉含量15.1%,胶稠度70.0 mm,检验结果达到国家《优质稻谷》标准2级。
分析吉大319的特征特性可知,该品种适合吉林省生态条件下的育种目标,突破了传统育种思维,以理想株型为育种方向,最终选育出产量高、种植面积广、综合性状优异的国审品种。
吉大319于2015年参加国家早粳晚熟组区域试验,测得的平均产量为630.89 kg/667m2,比对照吉玉粳减产1.62%;2016年继续参加国家区域试验,测得的平均产量为682.06 kg/667m2,比对照吉玉粳增产5.51%;两年区域试验的平均产量为654.97 kg/667m2,比对照吉玉粳增产1.75%;2017年参加生产试验,测得的平均产量为613.08 kg/667m2,比对照吉玉粳增产7.72%。
考虑当地的气候条件,于4月初开始人工浸种。为保证出苗率,浸种后将种子放入催芽室催芽,待种子露白后及时播种。播种时间为4月中旬(4月10日~15日),采用人工播种,钵盘旱育苗,稀播育壮秧,播种量为350 g/m2。播种后的钵盘放入蒸汽棚内,待幼苗出土1 cm~2 cm后平铺入苗棚内,进行人工管理。为防止幼苗徒长,苗期温度不易过高,待正午温度过高时应对苗棚及时通风,人工浇水及除草。
当夜间温度稳定在13℃以上时,秧龄长至3.5~4叶期时开始移载。秧田插秧密度为行株距30.0 × 20.0 cm。为保证秧苗存活率,每穴苗数不宜过多,插2~3株苗为宜,插秧宜浅不宜深,稀栽浅插育壮秧。平稳促进、稳健生长。
施肥量不宜过多,农民为提高产量,均存在化肥过量施用现象,这不仅增加了粮食生产成本同时,还对粮食安全、土壤安全、水生态环境安全等造成现实威胁。因此,为防止施肥过多导致的土壤性状恶化及有害病菌和有害金属超标,应科学施肥 [
田间管理同当地大田生产一致。按照浅水促蘖,深水护苗,湿润壮秧的模式进行 [
田间以预防为主,利用人工及药剂等措施综合防治。秧田期主要防治立枯病、青枯病;大田期主要预防潜叶蝇、二化螟、稻水象甲、负泥虫、稻瘟病及纹枯病的发生。
集众多优良性状于一身的吉大319适宜栽培地区广泛,可在黑龙江省第一积温带上限、吉林省中熟稻区、辽宁省东北部、宁夏引黄灌区以及内蒙古赤峰地区的稻瘟病轻发区种植。
李淑芳,金京花,方 琳,吴 涛,全成哲. 优良食味广适水稻新品种“吉大319”选育报告Breeding Report of a New Rice Variety “Jida319” with Good Taste and Wide Suitability[J]. 农业科学, 2022, 12(12): 1223-1227. https://doi.org/10.12677/HJAS.2022.1212168
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