研究采用问卷调查法,使用简式简明心境问卷、道德敏感性问卷以及道德事件,调查了全国各地区721人,以探究新冠疫情背景下人们的情绪状态、道德敏感性现状及其对道德判断的影响。结果表明:疫情危机下我国民众情绪状态表现良好;情绪状态对道德判断有显著的影响,表现出不良情绪状态的个体对道德情境故事的不道德程度评价更加严厉;道德敏感性对道德判断有显著的影响,相对于低敏感组被试高敏感组被试对道德情境故事不道德程度的评价更加严厉。 The aim of the study was to explore people’s emotional status and moral sensitivity and how they impact on moral judgment under the context of Covid-19. In this study, 721 people in different regions of China were surveyed through questionnaires and scenarios, including simple mood questionnaire, moral sensitivity questionnaire and moral events scenarios. The results showed that: under the epidemic crisis, the emotional state of Chinese people was positive. Emotional state had a significant influence on moral judgment. Compared to people with good emotional state, those with bad emotional state were tougher in evaluating on the immoral degree of moral scenarios. Moral sensitivity had a significant effect on moral judgment, comparing to individuals in the low- sensitivity group, the high-sensitivity group were more stringent in the evaluation of the moral scenarios.
研究采用问卷调查法,使用简式简明心境问卷、道德敏感性问卷以及道德事件,调查了全国各地区721人,以探究新冠疫情背景下人们的情绪状态、道德敏感性现状及其对道德判断的影响。结果表明:疫情危机下我国民众情绪状态表现良好;情绪状态对道德判断有显著的影响,表现出不良情绪状态的个体对道德情境故事的不道德程度评价更加严厉;道德敏感性对道德判断有显著的影响,相对于低敏感组被试高敏感组被试对道德情境故事不道德程度的评价更加严厉。
情绪状态,新冠疫情,道德敏感性,道德判断
—A Study Based on Covid-19 Epidemic Background
Yilin Shen
School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou Fujian
Received: Oct. 15th, 2022; accepted: Nov. 28th, 2022; published: Dec. 6th, 2022
The aim of the study was to explore people’s emotional status and moral sensitivity and how they impact on moral judgment under the context of Covid-19. In this study, 721 people in different regions of China were surveyed through questionnaires and scenarios, including simple mood questionnaire, moral sensitivity questionnaire and moral events scenarios. The results showed that: under the epidemic crisis, the emotional state of Chinese people was positive. Emotional state had a significant influence on moral judgment. Compared to people with good emotional state, those with bad emotional state were tougher in evaluating on the immoral degree of moral scenarios. Moral sensitivity had a significant effect on moral judgment, comparing to individuals in the low-sensitivity group, the high-sensitivity group were more stringent in the evaluation of the moral scenarios.
Keywords:Emotional State, Covid 2019, Moral Sensitivity, Moral Judgment
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新冠肺炎疫情在全国爆发,它的紧急性、严重性、突发性、不确定性和危害性,引发了集体的不安和困惑。新型冠状肺炎给我国带来了巨大的影响,对人们心理健康的损害也是深远而重大的 [
本研究所指的情绪状态的概念指的是心境,心境是一种描述情绪状态的术语。心理学认为,相对于激情,心境是一种持久的、缓慢的心情。心境具有弥漫性,不是针对某一事物的特殊情感,而是指对周围事物具有相同的情感,而它与我们的生活非常相关,当我们拥有某种心境时,都会把这种情感附加在我们身边的人和物上。心境也会影响到人们的生活,积极的心境会对人产生积极的作用,帮人提高工作效率,克服坚苦 [
有关道德敏感性和道德判断的研究一直都是道德心理学的研究重点。1982年雷斯德提出道德敏感性一词,他认为道德敏感性是人们对情境中道德内容的觉察和对事件结果的意识能力 [
本研究选择不同地区的人为研究对象,探讨在疫情程度不同地区人们的情绪状态、道德敏感性差异及其对道德判断的影响。以便厘清人们情绪状态、道德敏感性及道德判断如何受疫情严重程度不同的影响,及三者之间的相互关系。
采用方便取样法,本研究被试来自全国各省市的大学生,共有750人,剔除无效数据29份,最终有效数据721份,有效回收率为96.13%。年龄平均为22.72,标准差为3.52。男生有281人,占比39%。女生有440人,占比61%。
此问卷是由30个问题或形容词构成,包含抑郁沮丧、紧张焦虑、愤怒敌意、迷惑混乱、疲乏迟钝和精力活力六个维度。前五个维度得分越高表示情绪状态越差(负性量表),精力活力分量表得分越高表示情绪状态越差(正性量表)。六个分量表的分数相加得到总分,总分可以单独使用,是使用很广的指标 [
采用改编自杜飞月编制的《道德敏感性问卷》 [
在参阅大量资料的基础上,自编了5个道德情境故事。例如:在疫情期间,某药店刚好有一批口罩,如果把口罩的价格提高好几倍,刚好够药店老板孩子的治病钱,于是老板高价把口罩卖了给身患重病的孩子治病,请你评价一下药店老板的行为。在编写故事的过程中尽量使故事的道德强度弱化,并且使得故事中的行为看起来没有那么不道德,让被试进入到道德情境,进行道德思考。实验的因变量是道德故事评价程度,即要求被试对每个故事的行为进行道德评分,其中道德程度从非常不道德到非常道德,数值越小表示评价越严厉。自编的道德判断问卷内部一致性系数为0.657。
本研究对数据进行处理的软件为SPSS19.0。采用描述性统计、t检验以及单因素方差分析等统计方法,对研究数据进行处理和分析。
为了排除数据来源、测量环境等可能对结果产生影响的因素,对数据进行共同方法偏差检验。结果表明,第一主成分的方差贡献率为21.04%,不超过40% [
研究发现,被试在简式简明心境问卷上得分的平均分为35.30分,有48.4%的被试得分在30分以下,得分在30~60分之间的被试比例为39.9%,9.2%的被试得分在60~80分之间,2.5%的被试得分在80分以上。这表明疫情危机下我国民众情绪状态表现较好,见表1。
https://doi.org/10.2307/3560621