ACRVM Asian Case Reports in Vascular Medicine 2326-3490 Scientific Research Publishing 10.12677/ACRVM.2022.103003 ACRVM-58556 ACRVM20220300000_52860741.pdf 医药卫生 2型糖尿病合并高尿酸血症患者尿酸排泄分数与代谢指标的相关分析 Correlation Analysis of Uric Acid Excretion Fraction and Metabolic Indices in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Hyperuricemia 彩艳 1 * 壮森 1 2 1 2 钟玉 1 2 1 2 1 2 南方医科大学坪山总医院,内分泌与代谢病科,广东 深圳 null 30 11 2022 10 03 15 20 © Copyright 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. 2014 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

目的:探究2型糖尿病合并高尿酸血症(HUA)的患者中尿酸排泄分数(FEUA)与各代谢指标的相关性分析。方法:选取本院2021年9月至2022年1月内分泌科住院及门诊单纯高尿酸血症(HUA)及HUA合并2型糖尿病患者共233例,依据血尿酸及是否合并糖尿病分为单纯HUA组和HUA合并糖尿病(DM)组。观察2组患者的临床特征及FEUA与各代谢指标的相关性。结果:与单纯HUA组相比,HUA合并DM组的BMI、SCr、FPG、HbA1c显著升高,UCr、FEUA显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,FEUA与UCr (P < 0.001)、SUA (P = 0.034)成负相关,与HbA1c (P = 0.023)、FPG (P = 0.019)成正相关,(P < 0.05)有统计学意义。按FEUA结果分型,原发性HUA患者无论是否合并2型糖尿病均以尿酸排泄减少型为主,且两组HUA患者中尿酸排泄减少型、混合型、尿酸生成增多型的百分率比较均显示差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。结论:2型糖尿病合并HUA患者仍以尿酸排泄减少型为主,血糖升高影响尿酸排泄分数,对不同类型的糖尿病合并高尿酸患者应采取不同的治疗方式,积极预防糖尿病慢性并发症。 Objective: To explore the correlation between uric acid excretion fraction (FEUA) and metabolic indicators in type 2 diabetes patients with hyperuricemia (HUA). Methods: A total of 233 inpatients with hyperuricemia (HUA) and hyperuricemia complicated with type 2 diabetes in the department of secretion and outpatient department from September 2021 to January 2022 were selected and divided into two groups according to blood uric acid and diabetes mellitus. The clinical characteristics and the correlation between FEUA and metabolic indexes in 2 groups were observed. Results: Compared with the HUA group alone, BMI, SCr, FPG and HbA1c in the HUA group combined with DM were significantly increased, while UCr and FEUA were significantly decreased, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that FEUA was negatively correlated with UCr (P < 0.001) and SUA (P = 0.034), and positively correlated with HbA1c (P = 0.023) and FPG (P = 0.019). According to FEUA results, reduced uric acid excretion was the predominant type in primary HUA patients regardless of type 2 diabetes, and there was no statistical significance in the percentage of reduced uric acid excretion, mixed type and increased uric acid production between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Reduced uric acid excretion is still the dominant type in type 2 diabetes patients with hyperuricemia, and elevated blood glucose affects the uric acid excretion fraction. Different treatment methods should be adopted for different types of diabetes patients with hyperuricemia to actively prevent chronic complications of diabetes.

2型糖尿病,高尿酸血症,尿酸排泄分数, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Hyperuricemia Uric Acid Excretion Fraction
摘要

目的:探究2型糖尿病合并高尿酸血症(HUA)的患者中尿酸排泄分数(FEUA)与各代谢指标的相关性分析。方法:选取本院2021年9月至2022年1月内分泌科住院及门诊单纯高尿酸血症(HUA)及HUA合并2型糖尿病患者共233例,依据血尿酸及是否合并糖尿病分为单纯HUA组和HUA合并糖尿病(DM)组。观察2组患者的临床特征及FEUA与各代谢指标的相关性。结果:与单纯HUA组相比,HUA合并DM组的BMI、SCr、FPG、HbA1c显著升高,UCr、FEUA显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,FEUA与UCr (P < 0.001)、SUA (P = 0.034)成负相关,与HbA1c (P = 0.023)、FPG (P = 0.019)成正相关,(P < 0.05)有统计学意义。按FEUA结果分型,原发性HUA患者无论是否合并2型糖尿病均以尿酸排泄减少型为主,且两组HUA患者中尿酸排泄减少型、混合型、尿酸生成增多型的百分率比较均显示差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。结论:2型糖尿病合并HUA患者仍以尿酸排泄减少型为主,血糖升高影响尿酸排泄分数,对不同类型的糖尿病合并高尿酸患者应采取不同的治疗方式,积极预防糖尿病慢性并发症。

关键词

2型糖尿病,高尿酸血症,尿酸排泄分数

Correlation Analysis of Uric Acid Excretion Fraction and Metabolic Indices in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Hyperuricemia<sup> </sup>

Caiyan Huang, Zhuangsen Chen, Ying Huang, Zhongyu Zhou, Cong Wang, Kun Feng*

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Pingshan General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen Guangdong

Received: Oct. 8th, 2022; accepted: Nov. 23rd, 2022; published: Nov. 30th, 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective: To explore the correlation between uric acid excretion fraction (FEUA) and metabolic indicators in type 2 diabetes patients with hyperuricemia (HUA). Methods: A total of 233 inpatients with hyperuricemia (HUA) and hyperuricemia complicated with type 2 diabetes in the department of secretion and outpatient department from September 2021 to January 2022 were selected and divided into two groups according to blood uric acid and diabetes mellitus. The clinical characteristics and the correlation between FEUA and metabolic indexes in 2 groups were observed. Results: Compared with the HUA group alone, BMI, SCr, FPG and HbA1c in the HUA group combined with DM were significantly increased, while UCr and FEUA were significantly decreased, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that FEUA was negatively correlated with UCr (P < 0.001) and SUA (P = 0.034), and positively correlated with HbA1c (P = 0.023) and FPG (P = 0.019). According to FEUA results, reduced uric acid excretion was the predominant type in primary HUA patients regardless of type 2 diabetes, and there was no statistical significance in the percentage of reduced uric acid excretion, mixed type and increased uric acid production between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Reduced uric acid excretion is still the dominant type in type 2 diabetes patients with hyperuricemia, and elevated blood glucose affects the uric acid excretion fraction. Different treatment methods should be adopted for different types of diabetes patients with hyperuricemia to actively prevent chronic complications of diabetes.

Keywords:Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Hyperuricemia, Uric Acid Excretion Fraction

Copyright © 2022 by author(s) and beplay安卓登录

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).

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1. 前言

2型糖尿病(Diabetes mellitus DM)是以慢性高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病,往往合并血脂、血尿酸代谢异常。高尿酸血症(hyperuricemia HUA)是一种嘌呤代谢紊乱性疾病,同样属于代谢性疾病,依据尿酸排泄分数(fraction excretion of uric acid FEUA)分为3种类型 [ 1 ]。但两者同时存在时,临床上往往容易忽视高尿酸血症的处理。本文分析2型糖尿病合并高尿酸血症患者的临床特点与尿酸排泄分数相关因素,旨在为临床治疗提供一定指导意义。

2. 材料与方法 2.1. 研究对象

纳入2021年9月至2022年1月本院内分泌科住院及门诊单纯高尿酸血症(HUA)及HUA合并2型糖尿病患者共233例,经专业医师明确诊断2型糖尿病,高尿酸血症诊断标准 [ 1 ] (男及绝经后女性 > 420 umol/L) (非绝经女性 > 360 umol/L),依据血尿酸及是否合并糖尿病分为单纯HUA组和HUA合并糖尿病(DM)组。单纯HUA组165例,男128例,女37例,平均年龄(45.26 ± 14.13)岁;HUA合并DM组68例,男55例,女13例,平均年龄(48.15 ± 9.17)岁;2组患者基线资料年龄、性别均差异无统计学意义。本研究经过我院伦理委员会审核,已取得患者知情同意。

2.2. 研究方法

1) 收集患者一般资料,身高、体重计算体重指数(body mass index BMI),收集血生化指标,空腹8小时以上行血尿酸(serum uric acid SUA)、血肌酐(serum creatinine SCr)、血糖(fasting plasma glucose FPG)、血脂(总胆固醇total cholesterol TC、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇low density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL-C、甘油三酯triglyceride TG、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇high density lipoprotein cholesterol HDL-C)、糖化血红蛋白(glycated hemoglobin HbA1c)、随机尿查尿肌酐(urine creatinine UCr)、尿尿酸(urine uric acid UUA)等指标检测。计算尿酸排泄分数(FEUA) = (SCr × UUA)/(UCr × SUA) ×100%。根据FEUA结果将HUA分为3型:FEUA < 7%为排泄减少型,7%~12%为混合型,>12%为生成增多型 [ 1 ] [ 2 ]。

2) 统计学方法

所有数据均采用SPSS 24.0统计学软件分析。计量资料以(均数±标准差)表示,组间比较采用方差分析,百分率比较采用卡方检验,Pearson相关分析FEUA与其他指标的相关性,P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

3. 结果

1) 与单纯HUA组相比,HUA合并DM组的BMI、SCr、FPG、HbA1c显著升高,UCr、FEUA显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。两组间年龄、性别、SUA、UUA、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、TG差异无统计学意义(表1)。

2) Pearson相关分析显示,FEUA与UCr、SUA成负相关,与HbA1c、FPG成正相关,(P < 0.05)有统计学意义。与年龄、性别、BMI、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、TG成负相关,与SCr、UUA成正相关,但(P > 0.05)无统计学意义(表2)。

3) 按FEUA结果分型,本研究发现无论是否合并2型糖尿病,原发性HUA患者均以尿酸排泄减少型为主,且两组HUA患者中尿酸排泄减少型、混合型、尿酸生成增多型的百分率比较均显示差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05) (表3)。

The general data and biochemical indexes of HUA patients were compared between the two group
指标 HUA合并DM n = 68 单纯HUA n = 165 P
年龄(岁) (48.15 ± 9.17) (45.26 ± 14.13) 0.058
男性n (%) 55 (80.88) 128 (77.58) 0.654
女性n (%) 13 (19.12) 37 (22.42) 0.578
BMI (kg/m2) (27.89 ± 3.14) (24.13 ± 2.16) 0.031
SUA (umol/L) (468.12 ± 89.65) (489.91 ± 96.37) 0.702
UUA (umol/L) (3379.12 ± 1869.11) (4419.18 ± 2136.61) 0.032
SCr (umol/L) (86.14 ± 11.17) (69.15 ± 11.27) 0.006
UCr (umol/L) (12317.15 ± 4379.97) (13328.7 ± 4026.13) <0.001
TC (mmol/L) (5.15 ± 2.09) (3.85 ± 1.26) 0.402
LDL-C (mmol/L) (3.35 ± 1.06) (3.05 ± 1.12) 0.390
TG (mmol/L) (2.18 ± 1.71) (1.35 ± 0.87) 0.743
HDL-C (mmol/L) (1.01 ± 0.42) (1.15 ± 0.27) 0.512
HbA1c (%) (7.15 ± 2.67) (3.34 ± 2.56) 0.032
FPG (mmol/L) (7.05 ± 2.67) (4.15 ± 2.07) 0.039
FEUA (%) (3.65 ± 2.11) (5.15 ± 3.17) 0.043

表1. 两组HUA患者一般资料及生化指标比较

Correlation analysis between FEUA and other indexe
相关因素 相关系数r P值
年龄(岁) −0.291 0.714
男性n (%) −0.019 0.813
BMI (kg/m2) −0.069 0.575
SUA (umol/L) −0.291 0.034
UUA (umol/L) 0.107 0.446
SCr (umol/L) 0.185 0.186
UCr (umol/L) −0.505 <0.001
TC (mmol/L) −0.118 0.402
LDL-C (mmol/L) −0.121 0.390
TG (mmol/L) −0.046 0.743
HDL-C (mmol/L) −0.092 0.512
HbA1c (%) 0.158 0.023
FPG (mmol/L) 0.223 0.019

表2. FEUA与其他指标的相关性分析

Proportion of patients in two groups according to FEUA classificatio
分型 全体n = 233 HUA合并DM n = 68 单纯HUA n = 165 P值
排泄减少型 212 (90.99) 57 (83.82) 155 (93.94) 0.08
混合型 18 (7.73) 9 (13.24) 9 (5.45) 0.61
生成增多型 3 (1.29) 2 (2.94) 1 (0.61) 0.18

表3. 两组患者按FEUA分型比例

4. 讨论

2型糖尿病为常见的代谢性疾病,常常伴发高脂血症、高尿酸血症等其他代谢紊乱,容易导致一系列心脑血管事件及肾损害等 [ 3 ]。尿酸是一种嘌呤代谢产物,各种原因导致的嘌呤代谢紊乱及(或)尿酸排泄减少均可导致高尿酸血症,有研究 [ 4 ] 显示,2型糖尿病合并高血尿酸血症患者的糖尿病下肢血管病变、脑梗死、冠心病、糖尿病肾病和糖尿病视网膜病变等并发症发生率显著高于正常血尿酸水平组。同时也有研究 [ 5 ] 显示血尿酸水平可作为慢性并发症发生风险的预测指标 [ 6 ],血尿酸水平升高,发生糖尿病慢性并发症的风险增加。孟可等 [ 7 ] 研究发现FEUA与脑梗死的发病相关,FEUA能很好反应尿酸代谢水平,FEUA可能是脑梗死发病危险因素之一,同时发现血尿酸、FEUA均与脑梗死病情严重程度相关。另外有研究显示,高尿酸血症是心血管疾病的独立危险因素,尿酸不但具有抗氧化应激作用,而且有促氧化应激作用,高尿酸血症和低胆红素血症协同作用可增加糖尿病微血管病变风险 [ 8 ]。傅莉萍 [ 9 ] 等研究发现2 型糖尿病患者FEUA和TBIL、IBIL、DBIL呈负相关,且TBIL、HbA1c及糖尿病病程是FEUA的影响因素,提示FEUA可能反映机体的氧化应激状况。国内有研究 [ 10 ] 显示FEUA是尿微量白蛋白肌酐比的独立危险因素,提示FEUA可以作为一项早期指标监测2型糖尿病肾病的发生发展。可见2型糖尿病合并高尿酸血症患者更容易发生心脑血管疾病,其中FEUA可能反映机体的氧化应激状况,提示治疗糖尿病的同时需兼顾高尿酸血症的处理。

本研究结果显示:与单纯HUA组相比,HUA合并DM组的BMI、SCr、FPG、HbA1c显著升高,UCr、FEUA显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。同时本研究显示FEUA与UCr、SUA成负相关,与HbA1c、FPG成正相关,(P < 0.05)有统计学意义。研究结果与郭献山等 [ 11 ] 研究结果相一致,提示糖尿病患者监测血糖水平变化,对避免高尿酸带来的肾脏损害有帮助。本研究发现无论是否合并2型糖尿病,原发性HUA患者均以尿酸排泄减少型为主,且两组HUA患者中尿酸排泄减少型、混合型、尿酸生成增多型的百分率比较均显示差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。与孙磊磊等 [ 12 ] 研究结果一致,其研究发现无论是否合并代谢综合征,HUA的临床分型均以尿酸排泄不良型为主,合并代谢综合征时会导致肾脏对尿酸的排泄能力下降更严重。但与施丽丹等 [ 13 ] 研究略有偏差,该研究提示2型糖尿病合并不同类型高尿酸血症患者中,生成增多型和混合型HUA患者偏多。这些研究均提示导致2型糖尿病患者尿酸合成增多的原因可能为血糖、血脂代谢紊乱。高血糖导致尿酸排泄减少的可能机制为胰岛素抵抗相关,胰岛素抵抗可引起肾脏排泄尿酸减少,导致体内血尿酸水平升高;同时糖尿病肾病早期有肾脏高滤过可引起肾小球内高压,肾小球内高压可引起肾脏缺氧、血乳酸增多而竞争尿酸排泄 [ 12 ],导致肾脏排泄尿酸减少,从而导致高尿酸血症。而出现这些研究结果的偏差,可能与各研究的样本量偏小有关,提示仍需要进一步大样本量的大型研究以明确。总之,以上诸多研究提示糖尿病合并尿酸代谢紊乱与血糖血脂代谢紊乱一样重要,应积极处理糖尿病患者的各项代谢紊乱,积极预防并发症。

5. 结论

2型糖尿病合并HUA患者仍以尿酸排泄减少型为主,血糖升高影响尿酸排泄分数,2型糖尿病患者控制血糖同时应积极降尿酸治疗,对不同类型的糖尿病合并高尿酸患者应采取不同的治疗方式,积极预防糖尿病慢性并发症。

基金项目

1) 国家重点研发计划,项目编号:2020YFC2006401 (中国科学技术部);

2) 黑龙江省自然科学基金项目,项目编号:LH2019H084 (黑龙江省自然科学基金委员会);

3) 深圳市坪山区卫生健康系统科研项目,项目编号:202135 (深圳市坪山区卫生健康局)。

文章引用

黄彩艳,陈壮森,黄 莺,周钟玉,王 聪,冯 琨. 2型糖尿病合并高尿酸血症患者尿酸排泄分数与代谢指标的相关分析Correlation Analysis of Uric Acid Excretion Fraction and Metabolic Indices in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Hyperuricemia[J]. 亚洲心脑血管病例研究, 2022, 10(03): 15-20. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACRVM.2022.103003

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