对剩余活性生活污泥进行脱水过程中,本文避免常规使用的石灰、氯化铁等无机调理剂因投入量需求大和后续有二次污染等问题的出现,利用煤炭浮选剂的物理化学特性,通过联合使用阳离子聚丙烯酰胺对佛山市某生活污水处理厂的活性污泥进行调理实验。从浊度、毛细吸水时间、压滤拿捏困难度和含水率这四方面来分析调理效果,发现煤炭浮选剂对浊度没有改善,但对毛细吸水时间、拿捏困难度、含水率均有所改善,而且随着投加量的增加,改善的效果越明显,对污泥深度脱水具有较好的作用。煤炭浮选剂的投加量为15%时,CST从51.5 s降为25.3 s;拿捏困难度从100%降为70%,含水率从82.51%降为74.78%。 In the process of dewatering the surplus activated domestic sludge, this paper avoided the problems of large input demand and subsequent secondary pollution of conventional inorganic conditioners such as lime and ferric chloride, and used the physical and chemical characteristics of coal flotation agent to conduct conditioning experiments on the surplus activated sludge from a domestic sewage treatment plant of Foshan through the combined use of cationic polyacrylamide. The conditioning results were analyzed from four aspects of turbidity, capillary sunction time (i.e. CST), difficulty of filter pressing and water content. It was found that the coal flotation agent did not improve the turbidity, but improved CST, the difficulty of kneading and the water content. With the increase of the dosage, the more obvious the improvement, which had a good effect on the deep dehydration of sludge. When the dosage of coal flotation agent was 15%, CST decreased from 51.5 s to 25.3 s; the difficulty of kneading was reduced from 100% to 70%, and the water content was reduced from 82.51% to 74.78%.
对剩余活性生活污泥进行脱水过程中,本文避免常规使用的石灰、氯化铁等无机调理剂因投入量需求大和后续有二次污染等问题的出现,利用煤炭浮选剂的物理化学特性,通过联合使用阳离子聚丙烯酰胺对佛山市某生活污水处理厂的活性污泥进行调理实验。从浊度、毛细吸水时间、压滤拿捏困难度和含水率这四方面来分析调理效果,发现煤炭浮选剂对浊度没有改善,但对毛细吸水时间、拿捏困难度、含水率均有所改善,而且随着投加量的增加,改善的效果越明显,对污泥深度脱水具有较好的作用。煤炭浮选剂的投加量为15%时,CST从51.5 s降为25.3 s;拿捏困难度从100%降为70%,含水率从82.51%降为74.78%。
活性污泥,含水率,煤炭浮选剂,脱水
Huaqian Liang*, Zhenyang Huang, Lemin Huang, Ziqi Lu, Qiannan Wang, Jieli Lin#, Jiesen Li
Chemical Engineering Department, Foshan University, Foshan Guangdong
Received: Oct. 10th, 2022; accepted: Nov. 11th, 2022; published: Nov. 21st, 2022
In the process of dewatering the surplus activated domestic sludge, this paper avoided the problems of large input demand and subsequent secondary pollution of conventional inorganic conditioners such as lime and ferric chloride, and used the physical and chemical characteristics of coal flotation agent to conduct conditioning experiments on the surplus activated sludge from a domestic sewage treatment plant of Foshan through the combined use of cationic polyacrylamide. The conditioning results were analyzed from four aspects of turbidity, capillary sunction time (i.e. CST), difficulty of filter pressing and water content. It was found that the coal flotation agent did not improve the turbidity, but improved CST, the difficulty of kneading and the water content. With the increase of the dosage, the more obvious the improvement, which had a good effect on the deep dehydration of sludge. When the dosage of coal flotation agent was 15%, CST decreased from 51.5 s to 25.3 s; the difficulty of kneading was reduced from 100% to 70%, and the water content was reduced from 82.51% to 74.78%.
Keywords:Activated Sludge, Water Content, Coal Flotation Agent, Dehydration
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随着居民生活水平的提高,全国的污水排放量逐年递增,污泥的产量也随之增长。2021年统计2020年的数据显示,我国城市污水年排放量高达571亿立方千米 [
近来,有人研究运用煤炭类材料对污泥进行脱水处理,例如通过不同方式处理得来的粉煤灰 [
实验材料主要包括剩余活性生活污泥和调理剂。活性污泥取自佛山市顺德区某生活污水处理厂。煤炭浮选试剂从徐州景发化工科技有限公司购入,阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(Cationic Polyacrylamide,简称CPAM)从河南省永坤水处理材料有限公司购入,为LR实验纯。实验仪器主要包括:电热鼓风干燥箱(SH202-00,上杭仪器有限公司)、磁力加热搅拌器(79-1,常州德科仪器制造有限公司)、毛细吸水时间测试仪(HDFC-10A,北京恒奥德科技有限公司)、分析天平(T-214,北京赛多利斯仪器系统有限公司)、便携式淤泥浓度计(740,英国Partech仪器厂)、三维纤毛滤布(40 cm × 30 cm,自制)等。
将CPAM按0.1%的质量分数配制成溶液。取等量污泥,通过添加不同量的煤炭浮选试剂,再添加CPAM,搅拌观察絮凝情况,取少量混合物进行测量毛细吸水时间,剩余混合物经静置一定时间后用自制三维纤毛滤布进行过滤,测滤液浊度,将滤泥经过纤毛滤布用同等力量挤压,再把挤压后的泥饼从三个地方取样,测量泥饼含水率,取平均值为终值。每一个实验均设置三组平行实验,实验结果取三组平均值,通过比较浊度、毛细吸水时间(Capillary Sunction Time,简称CST)、压滤拿捏困难度和含水率四方面确定较理想的煤炭浮选剂的投加量调理方案。
未添加任何调理剂下,测原样污泥含水率是98.8%,经静置后测上层清液的浊度为0.43 mg/L。添加CPAM絮凝后,测含水率平均值为82.51%,CST = 51.5 s,浊度为0.32 mg/L。
给500 mL的污泥投加不同量的煤炭浮选剂,然后添加适量的CPAM使其絮凝,结果如表1所示,其中投加量是指占污泥绝干量的质量百分比,拿捏困难度是指拿捏滤泥时的挤压困难程度,其数值越小表明越容易拿捏,越不容易跑泥,设只添加CPAM时的拿捏困难度为100%。
分析表1结果发现相对只投加CPAM情况下的浊度,投加煤炭浮选剂调理后滤液的浊度随投加量增加而缓慢升高;而CST随着投加量增大而减少;拿捏困难度随着投加量增加而下降,说明调理后的污泥不易跑泥,越易拿捏,越有利于滤布挤压脱水;污泥的含水率随投加量增加而不断下降,均低于82%。
投加量/% | 浊度/(mg/L) | CST/s | 拿捏困难度/% | 含水率/% |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0.32 | 51.5 | 100 | 82.51 |
3 | 0.32 | 46.1 | 95 | 81.03 |
5 | 0.33 | 43.5 | 90 | 79.72 |
10 | 0.36 | 33.5 | 80 | 76.76 |
15 | 0.37 | 25.3 | 70 | 74.78 |
20 | 0.39 | 20.8 | 65 | 73.59 |
25 | 0.41 | 17.4 | 62 | 72.78 |
表1. 添加不同量的煤炭浮选剂的实验数据
表2列举了不同投加量下这四个物理量的变化率情况。滤液的浊度变化率最小,在投加量10%时增大的速率最大,然后升高速率变缓慢;CST减少趋势是:一开始减少得慢,当投加量为10%时,减少速率最快,数值为2.00,超过10%后,减小的速率在缓慢下降;拿捏困难度的变化率在投加量为5%时最大,然后下降的速度变慢;污泥的含水率随着投加量增加,降低得越多,只是降低的速率不同,在投加量为5%时降低的速率最大,超过5%后,降低的速率开始变慢。
投加量/% | 浊度变化率/ (mg/L/单位投加量值) | CST变化率/ (s/单位投加量值) | 拿捏困难度变化率/ (%/单位投加量值) | 含水率变化率/ (%/单位投加量值) |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | - | - | - | - |
3 | 0 | 1.80 | 1.7 | 0.493 |
5 | 0.005 | 1.30 | 2.5 | 0.655 |
10 | 0.006 | 2.00 | 2.0 | 0.592 |
15 | 0.002 | 1.64 | 2.0 | 0.396 |
20 | 0.004 | 0.90 | 1.0 | 0.238 |
25 | 0.004 | 0.68 | 0.6 | 0.162 |
表2. 添加不同量煤炭浮选剂下的各物理量变化率结果
煤炭浮选剂的主要成分包括捕收剂、起泡剂和调整剂这三类 [
经数据和结果的分析,尽管煤炭浮选剂对浊度没有改善作用,但对CST、拿捏困难度、含水率均有所改善,而且随着投加量越多,改善的效果越好,只是改善的速率到达极大值后有所下降。通过分析CST、拿捏困难度、含水率的变化率,它们分别是在投加量10%、5%、5%时变化率最大。因此根据具体要求可以选择不同的投加量,如果要求含水率能够降低10个百分点,则选择投加量25%即可;如果要求CST能够降低50个百分点,则选择投加量15%。根据我们的实验经验和现场测试,建议投加量范围为10%~20%。
利用煤炭浮选剂对污水处理厂的剩余活性污泥进行调理,再添加CPAM进行絮凝。通过测量和比较不同的调理剂投加量下的污泥滤液浊度、污泥CST、污泥拿捏困难度和泥饼含水率的数值,发现煤炭浮选剂对污泥深度脱水具有较好的作用。在投加量为15%时,CST从51.5 s降为25.3 s;拿捏困难度从100%降为70%,含水率从82.51%降为74.78%。该调理方案能够避免因添加无机调理剂而产生的二次污染现象,在污水处理厂中是值得推广使用的。
广东省省级大学生创新训练计划项目“雨污管道淤泥一体化处理系统”;佛山科学技术学院实验室开放创新基金一般项目“煤炭浮选试剂提高污泥脱水率的研究”。
梁华倩,黄臻扬,黄乐民,卢梓淇,王倩楠,林洁丽,李杰森. 煤炭浮选剂对污泥深度脱水的作用Effect of Coal Flotation Agent on Sludge for Deep Dehydration[J]. 化学工程与技术, 2022, 12(06): 394-398. https://doi.org/10.12677/HJCET.2022.126051