目的:探讨叙事教育在临床护理思维教学中的实践应用效果。方法:采用整群随机抽样的方法选取2020级护理专升本4个班的学生,共182人。采用抛硬币方法将护生分为对照组92人和干预组90人。对照组采用案例教学模式进行教学,干预组在案例教学的基础上采用叙事教育教学,比较两组护生教学前后人文关怀能力评价量表评分,分析教学后干预组的反思日记。结果:教学前,两组护生的人文关怀能力评价量表评分比较差异无统计学意义(p > 0.05);教学后,干预组护生的人文关怀能力评价量表评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(p < 0.05);分析干预组的反思日记提取3个主题:叙事教育提高了护生的沟通和表达能力;叙事教育提高了护生的职业认同;叙事教育提高了护生的学习兴趣。结论:叙事教育提高了护生的人文关怀能力、沟通和表达能力、职业认同感和学习兴趣。 Objective: The objective is exploring the practical application of narrative education for teaching clinical nursing thinking. Methods: A total of 182 nursing students from 4 classes of grade 2020 were selected by cluster random sampling. Nursing students were divided into control group (92) and intervention group (90) by coin tossing. The control group used case teaching mode for teaching, and the intervention group used narrative education teaching on the basis of case teaching. The scores of humanistic care ability evaluation scale before and after teaching were compared between the two groups, and the reflection diary of the intervention group after teaching was analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups before teaching (p > 0.05); after teaching, the scores of humanistic care ability evaluation scale of nursing students in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05); three themes were extracted from the reflective diary of the intervention group: narrative education improved the communication and expression ability of nursing students; narrative education improves the professional identity of nursing students; narrative education improves the learning interest of nursing students. Conclusion: Narrative education improves nursing students’ humanistic care ability, communication and expression ability, professional identity and learning interest.
目的:探讨叙事教育在临床护理思维教学中的实践应用效果。方法:采用整群随机抽样的方法选取2020级护理专升本4个班的学生,共182人。采用抛硬币方法将护生分为对照组92人和干预组90人。对照组采用案例教学模式进行教学,干预组在案例教学的基础上采用叙事教育教学,比较两组护生教学前后人文关怀能力评价量表评分,分析教学后干预组的反思日记。结果:教学前,两组护生的人文关怀能力评价量表评分比较差异无统计学意义(p > 0.05);教学后,干预组护生的人文关怀能力评价量表评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(p < 0.05);分析干预组的反思日记提取3个主题:叙事教育提高了护生的沟通和表达能力;叙事教育提高了护生的职业认同;叙事教育提高了护生的学习兴趣。结论:叙事教育提高了护生的人文关怀能力、沟通和表达能力、职业认同感和学习兴趣。
叙事教育,临床护理思维,护生,人文关怀
Fanghua Liu, Chun Guan, Yan Qu*
Qingdao University, Qingdao Shandong
Received: Jun. 15th, 2022; accepted: Jul. 13th, 2022; published: Jul. 20th, 2022
Objective: The objective is exploring the practical application of narrative education for teaching clinical nursing thinking. Methods: A total of 182 nursing students from 4 classes of grade 2020 were selected by cluster random sampling. Nursing students were divided into control group (92) and intervention group (90) by coin tossing. The control group used case teaching mode for teaching, and the intervention group used narrative education teaching on the basis of case teaching. The scores of humanistic care ability evaluation scale before and after teaching were compared between the two groups, and the reflection diary of the intervention group after teaching was analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups before teaching (p > 0.05); after teaching, the scores of humanistic care ability evaluation scale of nursing students in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05); three themes were extracted from the reflective diary of the intervention group: narrative education improved the communication and expression ability of nursing students; narrative education improves the professional identity of nursing students; narrative education improves the learning interest of nursing students. Conclusion: Narrative education improves nursing students’ humanistic care ability, communication and expression ability, professional identity and learning interest.
Keywords:Narrative Education, Clinical Nursing Thinking, Nursing Students, Humanistic Care
Copyright © 2022 by author(s) and beplay安卓登录
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随着社会的不断发展和生物–心理–社会医学模式的转变,人们更加认识到医学重知识技能和轻人文的现状及医学人文回归的重要性 [
采用整群随机抽样的方法选取青岛市某民办高校2020级护理专升本4个班级共182名学生为研究对象,采用抛硬币方法抽取2个班护生为对照组(92人),其余2个班为干预组(90人)。两组护生在性别、年龄、是否城市人口、是否班干部等一般资料方面比较,差异无统计学意义(p > 0.05),具有可比性。两组学生所学过的基础课程、专业课程完全相同。
由研究者本人完成对两组护生的教学,具体方法如下:
教学方法:依据学院护理专升本培养方案和《临床护理思维课程标准》等,教师撰写教学设计,严格按照教学计划实施教学。学院护理专业开设的临床护理思维课程,共32学时,选用中国医药科技出版社、薛梅主编的《护理临床思维及技能综合应用》为授课教材。通过分析案例和小组讨论,加深学生对知识的理解,及临床护理思维能力的锻炼,教师强调护理人文关怀的重要性。
在案例教学的基础上采用叙事教育教学法。
1) 叙事教学素材的收集与处理。叙事素材可以是临床医生、护士及护理教师的工作或生活经验以及学生的照护经历等 [
2) 教学组参考姜安丽 [
① 课前发布资料。课前布置导学任务,发放学习任务单,教师针对重要知识点录制微视频上传至BB教学平台。推荐医学题材的课外读物如《医学的温度》、《医生的修炼》、《医生的精进》等。
② 课堂呈现素材。课中,教师通过深情的引导语渲染课堂气氛,以问题引入的方式,自然引出素材主题并呈现素材。
③ 启发讨论分享。教师在呈现素材后设置问题,引导学生对素材进行进一步的思考和解读,学生分组讨论,激发学生人文关怀情感。鼓励每一个学生自由抒发情感,发表各自的见解。学生积极讨论,每次由一名组员代表小组发言并做好记录。不断地表达观点、交换信息,促进感悟的生成,鼓励护生分享自己的亲身经历及感悟。
④ 实践升华理论。教师创造出一个类似于现实临床护理情境的教学场景,指导学生以小组为单位,进行角色扮演,完成对病人的临床护理。护生需要体会并表现病人的真实感受,运用所学的理论知识和方法完成在不同情境下对病人的护理。
⑤ 书写反思日记。教师鼓励护生书写反思日记,可以结合素材、课外读物、教学过程及自己的亲身经历等记录自己的所思所想及感悟,要求写出真情实感,不能浮于表面和流于形式。
采用黄弋冰 [
阅读并分析干预组反思日记,提取主题。
采用SPSS19.0软件进行分析,采用均数 ± 标准差( x ¯ ± s )表示,组间比较采用t检验,p < 0.05有统计学意义。
共发放调查问卷182份,回收有效问卷182份,问卷有效回收率为100%。教学前,两组护生的人文关怀能力评价量表评分比较,差异无统计学意义(p > 0.05)见表1;教学后,干预组护生的人文关怀能力评价量表评分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(p < 0.05),见表2,结果显示叙事教育提高了护生的人文关怀能力。
变量 | 对照组 (N = 92) | 干预组 (N = 90) | p值 |
---|---|---|---|
灌输信念和希望 | 14.02 ± 2.51 | 13.95 ± 2.42 | 0.854 |
健康教育 | 4.82 ± 2.47 | 4.95 ± 2.64 | 0.724 |
人道利他价值观 | 5.47 ± 1.09 | 5.78 ± 1.20 | 0.077 |
科学解决健康问题 | 2.76 ± 1.34 | 2.67 ± 1.39 | 0.675 |
协助满足基本需求 | 5.02 ± 1.75 | 4.98 ± 1.77 | 0.877 |
提供良好环境 | 5.52 ± 2.23 | 5.53 ± 2.25 | 0.981 |
促进情感交流 | 3.73 ± 1.82 | 3.76 ± 1.86 | 0.931 |
帮助解除困难 | 4.88 ± 1.57 | 4.88 ± 1.59 | 0.979 |
总分 | 46.23 ± 8.29 | 46.50 ± 8.43 | 0.827 |
表1. 教学前两组护生人文关怀能力量表分数比较( x ¯ ± s )
变量 | 对照组 (N = 92) | 干预组 (N = 90) | p值 |
---|---|---|---|
灌输信念和希望 | 16.65 ± 2.68 | 17.95 ± 2.83 | 0.002 |
健康教育 | 8.81 ± 2.00 | 10.67 ± 2.15 | <0.001 |
人道利他价值观 | 5.67 ± 1.89 | 7.30 ± 1.68 | <0.001 |
科学解决健康问题 | 5.96 ± 1.38 | 5.57 ± 1.37 | 0.002 |
协助满足基本需求 | 6.38 ± 1.45 | 6.62 ± 1.38 | <0.001 |
提供良好环境 | 4.84 ± 2.46 | 7.86 ± 1.89 | <0.001 |
促进情感交流 | 7.23 ± 1.67 | 8.09 ± 1.31 | <0.001 |
帮助解除困难 | 6.35 ± 2.36 | 7.58 ± 1.89 | <0.001 |
总分 | 64.00 ± 9.72 | 74.57 ± 8.27 | <0.001 |
表2. 教学后两组护生人文关怀能力量表分数比较( x ¯ ± s )
干预组每位护生完成5篇反思日记,共450篇,认真阅读并分析护生的反思日记,提取了4个主题。
时代的发展要求护理人员具备更高的综合素质,护士的沟通和表达能力是必不可少的一项基本素质 [
护生职业认同是指护生对护理这个职业的看法和态度,它会决定护生的职业行为倾向及其职业稳定性 [
单纯的案例教学缺乏生动性和趣味性,而叙事教育的实施丰富了课堂形式,调动了护生的学习积极性。团队的分工合作、交流分享等不仅保证小组保质保量完成任务,还使护生收获自信和成就感,这些又反过来促进护生积极参与课堂,提高学习兴趣,形成良性循环。
护理的本质是关怀与照护 [
叙事教育的开展形式多样化,对护生的参与度要求高、体现学生为主体、注重教学体验,从而能够锻炼护生的沟通表达及团队合作能力;叙事素材的呈现,真实感人的情境之下,容易使护生置身其中,感悟深刻,提高职业认同;丰富的课堂形式,鲜活的叙事素材,活跃的课堂气氛,参与度高的学习氛围,打破了传统的教师填鸭式的授课方式,增加教师与学生之间的交流与互动,激发了学生主动学习的兴趣。
本研究表明,叙事教育能提高护生的人文关怀能力、沟通和表达能力、职业认同和学习兴趣。本研究在叙事素材的确定方面存在不足之处,如何在教学前确定学生叙事,以及学生呈现素材的选择方式方面有待完善。随着经验的积累,在以后的教学及研究中,逐步完善叙事素材及叙事教育实施方案,追求更好的教学过程及效果。
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