人体骨组织中包含各种细胞、蛋白和细胞外基质,其中细胞外基质是由各种生物大分子相互交联而成的聚合网状结构。水凝胶指由聚合物或者胶体分子紧密交联从而形成的三维网状结构,是具有较高吸水能力、亲水性能的聚合材料,水凝胶的结构与细胞外基质高度相似而被广泛应用于生物医学领域。近年来,已经在诱导血管生成、软骨组织重建和人工合成骨材料移植等方面取得了重大进展。壳聚糖作为一种由甲壳素经过脱乙酰化生成的聚合物分子,是自然界中唯一存在的具有聚阳离子的弱碱性多糖。 壳聚糖水凝胶材料在骨组织工程的应用中受到了广泛关注,因为它具有良好的抗菌性、生物相容性、生物降解性,并且能够作为小分子药物的载体,对目标区域起到缓释作用。在最近的研究中,通过引入其他分子或对天然壳聚糖改性从而构建温度响应、光响应和pH响应壳聚糖水凝胶。 本文综述了骨组织工程应用中不同类型的壳聚糖水凝胶材料。 Human bone tissue contains various cells, proteins and extracellular matrix, wherein the extracellular matrix is a polymeric network structure formed by cross-linking of various biological macromolecules. Hydrogel refers to a three-dimensional network structure formed by the close cross-linking of polymers or colloidal molecules. It is a polymeric material with high water absorption and hydrophilic properties. The structure of hydrogel is highly similar to the extracellular matrix and is widely used in the field of biomedicine. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the induction of angiogenesis, cartilage tissue reconstruction, and implantation of synthetic bone materials. Chitosan, as a polymer molecule produced by deacetylation of chitin, is the only weakly basic polysaccharide with polycation in nature. Chitosan hydrogel materials have received extensive attention in the application of bone tissue engineering because of their good antibacterial properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. It can be used as a carrier of small molecule drugs and has a slow release effect on the target area. In recent studies, temperature-responsive, light-responsive and pH-responsive chitosan hydrogels were constructed by introducing other molecules or modifying natural chitosan. This article reviews different types of chitosan hydrogel materials for bone tissue engineering applications.
人体骨组织中包含各种细胞、蛋白和细胞外基质,其中细胞外基质是由各种生物大分子相互交联而成的聚合网状结构。水凝胶指由聚合物或者胶体分子紧密交联从而形成的三维网状结构,是具有较高吸水能力、亲水性能的聚合材料,水凝胶的结构与细胞外基质高度相似而被广泛应用于生物医学领域。近年来,已经在诱导血管生成、软骨组织重建和人工合成骨材料移植等方面取得了重大进展。壳聚糖作为一种由甲壳素经过脱乙酰化生成的聚合物分子,是自然界中唯一存在的具有聚阳离子的弱碱性多糖。壳聚糖水凝胶材料在骨组织工程的应用中受到了广泛关注,因为它具有良好的抗菌性、生物相容性、生物降解性,并且能够作为小分子药物的载体,对目标区域起到缓释作用。在最近的研究中,通过引入其他分子或对天然壳聚糖改性从而构建温度响应、光响应和pH响应壳聚糖水凝胶。本文综述了骨组织工程应用中不同类型的壳聚糖水凝胶材料。
细胞外基质,水凝胶,壳聚糖,骨组织工程
Changshun Zhou
College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou Zhejiang
Received: May 20th, 2022; accepted: Jun. 16th, 2022; published: Jun. 23rd, 2022
Human bone tissue contains various cells, proteins and extracellular matrix, wherein the extracellular matrix is a polymeric network structure formed by cross-linking of various biological macromolecules. Hydrogel refers to a three-dimensional network structure formed by the close cross-linking of polymers or colloidal molecules. It is a polymeric material with high water absorption and hydrophilic properties. The structure of hydrogel is highly similar to the extracellular matrix and is widely used in the field of biomedicine. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the induction of angiogenesis, cartilage tissue reconstruction, and implantation of synthetic bone materials. Chitosan, as a polymer molecule produced by deacetylation of chitin, is the only weakly basic polysaccharide with polycation in nature. Chitosan hydrogel materials have received extensive attention in the application of bone tissue engineering because of their good antibacterial properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. It can be used as a carrier of small molecule drugs and has a slow release effect on the target area. In recent studies, temperature-responsive, light-responsive and pH-responsive chitosan hydrogels were constructed by introducing other molecules or modifying natural chitosan. This article reviews different types of chitosan hydrogel materials for bone tissue engineering applications.
Keywords:Extracellular Matrix, Hydrogel, Chitosan, Bone Tissue Engineering
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在人体中由各种骨来源细胞、蛋白和细胞外基质共同构成骨组织,具有支撑、运动并且保护器官,同时也能调节矿物质和血液pH值等功能 [
伴随着由创伤、感染和人口老龄化所造成的骨缺损在临床上时常发生,机体虽然面对小范围的骨缺损具有一定修复能力,但骨组织损伤修复过程缓慢 [
水凝胶是一种具有特定空间结构的交联聚合物,在分子网络中具有高密度的亲水性基团,所以能够吸附大量的水分 [
利用组织工程的思路去治疗和修复骨组织是一种极具发展潜力的方法。通过可注射性水凝胶为作为基础,可以填充在任意形状的骨缺损部位或者作为运输各种生物活性分子的载体从而达到骨组织修复的效果,这样可以减少临床外科手术干预 [
Dhivya [
Wang [
Taymouri [
Pankongadisak [
水凝胶的结构特点与体内组织环境相似,因此它们是细胞增殖和分化的理想微环境 [
Rogina [
Zhao [
尽管壳聚糖良好的生物相容性、广谱抗菌性使其成为骨组织工程应用中极受欢迎的候选材料,但其本身存在的较差的溶解性以及较低的力学性能限制了其在骨组织工程领域中的应用 [
白雪 [
Li [
Yoon [
单一溶质的壳聚糖水凝胶可能存在力学性能差和成骨性能不足等缺陷,往往引入聚合物分子以改善水凝胶的性能。Maharjan [
Bi [
Peng [
在现如今的研究中,已经开发了基于壳聚糖水凝胶包载生物活性分子构建药物传递系统,使得生物活性分子在一定时间内能够持续性并且保持一定浓度输送至靶点。将生物活性因子封装在壳聚糖水凝胶内,已经成为组织工程和医疗领域的重点研究话题。
Meng [
Nandi [
近年来,基于壳聚糖的水凝胶在骨组织工程中发挥着至关重要的作用。通过对天然壳聚糖改性或与其他物质共混而获得的复合水凝胶材料具有良好的骨传导和骨诱导性能,赋予壳聚糖水凝胶温度响应性、pH响应性以及光响应性,水凝胶本身的优异性质使其成为骨植入领域的一种极具影响力的候选材料。虽然已经提出了许多壳聚糖复合材料,但其力学性能较差的问题亟待解决。伴随着研究的不断进行,这些壳聚糖复合水凝胶将引发更广泛的兴趣,并可能进一步开发临床应用,以更好地治疗承重部位的大范围骨缺损。
周昌顺. 骨组织工程应用中基于壳聚糖水凝胶的研究进展 Research Progress of Chitosan-Based Hydrogels for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications[J]. 生物过程, 2022, 12(02): 124-130. https://doi.org/10.12677/BP.2022.122014
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