目的:本研究目的在于系统评价及对比免疫检查点抑制剂及单纯化疗治疗肺癌的疗效及安全性。方法:计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库、The Cochrane Library、PubMed、CBM、维普数据库等数据库,搜索免疫检查点抑制剂及单纯化疗治疗肺癌的随机对照试验(randomized control trial, RCT);主要结局指标包括总生存期(overall survival, OS)、无进展生存时间(progression free survival, PFS)、有效率及治疗相关3~4级不良反应;采用RevMan5.2软件进行meta分析。结果:共纳入6个RCT,2509例晚期肺癌患者。meta分析结果显示:与化疗组相比,免疫检查点抑制剂可显著提高肺癌患者的有效率(RR = 1.48, P < 0.05, 95%CI: 1.08~2.03),显著延长患者的无进展生存期(HR = 0.83, P < 0.0001, 95%CI: 0.77~0.91),显著延长患者的总生存期(HR = 0.71, P < 0.00001, 95%CI: 0.65~0.78),并不显著降低患者治疗相关3~4级不良反应(RR = 0.43, P = 0.08, 95%CI: 0.17~1.09)。结论:与单纯化疗相比较,免疫检查点抑制剂治疗肺癌可以提高晚期肺癌患者的有效率、PFS及OS。 Objective: To systematically review the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of lung cancer. Methods: The PubMed, CBM, CNKI, VIP, Wan Fang and The Cochrane Li-brary were retrieved by computer, the randomized controlled trials (RCT) about immune check-point inhibitors in the treatment of lung cancer were collected by us. The outcomes included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), response rate and treatment-related adverse events of grade 3 or 4; RevMan5.2 software was used for Meta analysis. Results: Six trials and 2509 lung cancer patients were included. Meta analysis indicated that compared with chemotherapy alone, the immune checkpoint inhibitors could increase the response rate of the patient (RR = 1.48, P < 0.05, 95%CI: 1.08~2.03), significantly prolong the progression-free survival of the patients (HR = 0.83, P < 0.0001, 95%CI: 0.77~0.91), significantly prolong the overall survival of the patients (HR = 0.71, P < 0.00001, 95%CI: 0.65~0.78), did not significantly reduce the treatment- related adverse events of grade 3 or 4 (RR = 0.43, P = 0.08, 95%CI: 0.17~1.09). Conclusions: Immune checkpoint in-hibitor can obviously improve the response rate, PFS and OS of patients with advanced lung cancer, better than chemotherapy alone.
目的:本研究目的在于系统评价及对比免疫检查点抑制剂及单纯化疗治疗肺癌的疗效及安全性。方法:计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库、The Cochrane Library、PubMed、CBM、维普数据库等数据库,搜索免疫检查点抑制剂及单纯化疗治疗肺癌的随机对照试验(randomized control trial, RCT);主要结局指标包括总生存期(overall survival, OS)、无进展生存时间(progression free survival, PFS)、有效率及治疗相关3~4级不良反应;采用RevMan5.2软件进行meta分析。结果:共纳入6个RCT,2509例晚期肺癌患者。meta分析结果显示:与化疗组相比,免疫检查点抑制剂可显著提高肺癌患者的有效率(RR = 1.48, P < 0.05, 95%CI: 1.08~2.03),显著延长患者的无进展生存期(HR = 0.83, P < 0.0001, 95%CI: 0.77~0.91),显著延长患者的总生存期(HR = 0.71, P < 0.00001, 95%CI: 0.65~0.78),并不显著降低患者治疗相关3~4级不良反应(RR = 0.43, P = 0.08, 95%CI: 0.17~1.09)。结论:与单纯化疗相比较,免疫检查点抑制剂治疗肺癌可以提高晚期肺癌患者的有效率、PFS及OS。
肺癌,免疫检查点抑制剂,化疗,Meta分析
Gengyan Zhang, Lianbo Zhao
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Mengcheng County, Bozhou Anhui
Received: Apr. 27th, 2022; accepted: May 21st, 2022; published: May 31st, 2022
Objective: To systematically review the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of lung cancer. Methods: The PubMed, CBM, CNKI, VIP, Wan Fang and The Cochrane Library were retrieved by computer, the randomized controlled trials (RCT) about immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of lung cancer were collected by us. The outcomes included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), response rate and treatment-related adverse events of grade 3 or 4; RevMan5.2 software was used for Meta analysis. Results: Six trials and 2509 lung cancer patients were included. Meta analysis indicated that compared with chemotherapy alone, the immune checkpoint inhibitors could increase the response rate of the patient (RR = 1.48, P < 0.05, 95%CI: 1.08~2.03), significantly prolong the progression-free survival of the patients (HR = 0.83, P < 0.0001, 95%CI: 0.77~0.91), significantly prolong the overall survival of the patients (HR = 0.71, P < 0.00001, 95%CI: 0.65~0.78), did not significantly reduce the treatment-related adverse events of grade 3 or 4 (RR = 0.43, P = 0.08, 95%CI: 0.17~1.09). Conclusions: Immune checkpoint inhibitor can obviously improve the response rate, PFS and OS of patients with advanced lung cancer, better than chemotherapy alone.
Keywords:Lung Cancer, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Chemotherapy, Meta Analysis
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近年来,肺癌的死亡率已经逐渐上升为全球癌症死亡率首位,已经严重危害到人类健康。临床研究发现肺癌的恶性程度高,生物学特性极其复杂,且其早期临床症状不明显,在被确诊的肺癌患者中,约有75%发现时已经属于中晚期 [
经病理学或细胞学诊断明确的晚期肺癌患者,非小细胞肺癌TNM分期在IIIb期及以上,小细胞肺癌广泛期,ECOG评分0~3分。
公开发表的RCT,语言限定为中、英文,文献发表时间至2016年12月。
治疗组为接受免疫检查点抑制剂联合或不联合化疗,对照组则为单纯接受化疗组,其中免疫检查点抑制剂治疗剂量不限。
总生存期(overall survival, OS)、无进展生存期(progression free survival, PFS)、有效率、治疗相关3~4级不良反应。依据实体瘤疗效评价标准2.1版评价有效率 [
① 非RCT研究;② 摘要、综述性文献、病例报道;③ 重复发表的研究,以最近年限发表的文献为准。
计算机检索PubMed、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、维普数据库(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、万方数据库、The Cochrane Library等数据库,查找免疫检查点抑制剂联合化疗治疗NSCLC的随机对照试验(randomized control trial, RCT)。文献检索采用的主题词包括:肺癌、免疫检查点、化疗、lung cancer、immune checkpoint、chemotherapy、Nivolumab、Ipilimumab、Pembrolizumab、Atezolizumab。
文献的筛选及资料提取由两名研究者独立完成,按照事先设定的纳入与排除标准筛选文献,提取资料的提取按照事先设定的资料提取表,意见不一致时由第三方决定。
按照Cochrane协作网偏倚风险评价标准 [
对收集的数据采用RevMan5.2软件进行meta分析,异质性检验的方法采用χ2检验,若异质性检验结果为P > 0.1时,认为多个研究结果有同质性,采用固定效应模型计算其合并统计量,当P ≤ 0.1时,
认为多个研究结果有异质性,异质性的大小用I2衡量, I 2 = Q − ( K − 1 ) Q × 1 00 % (Q为异质性检验的χ2值,
K为纳入meta分析的RCT个数),I2≤ 50%其异质性可以接受,若I2> 50%,则采用随机效应模型处理数据。采用相对危险度(relative risk, RR)和风险比(hazard ratios, HR)为效应量,各效应量以95%置信区间(95%CI)表示,P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
本研究共检索出487篇文献,其中包括英文文献309篇,中文文献178篇,RCT有23篇,参照文献的纳入和排除标准,最终有6个RCT符合纳入标准 [
见表1。
纳入研究 | 分组 | 例数 | 组织分型 | 治疗 | 研究类型 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Herbst 2015 [
|
化疗组 | 343 | 鳞癌、腺癌 | 多西他赛 | RCT |
免疫检查点抑制剂组 | 345 | 鳞癌、腺癌 | Pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg | ||
免疫检查点抑制剂组 | 346 | 鳞癌、腺癌 | Pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg | ||
Thomas 2012 [
|
化疗组 | 66 | 鳞癌、腺癌、大细胞肺癌、支气管肺泡癌 | 紫杉醇 + 卡铂 + 安慰剂 | RCT |
免疫检查点抑制剂组 | 70 | 鳞癌、腺癌、大细胞肺癌、支气管肺泡癌 | 紫杉醇 + 卡铂 + Ipilimumab (concurrent) | ||
免疫检查点抑制剂组 | 68 | 鳞癌、腺癌、大细胞肺癌、支气管肺泡癌 | 紫杉醇 + 卡铂 + Ipilimumab (phased) | ||
Borghaei 2015 [
|
化疗组 | 290 | 腺癌 | 多西他赛 | RCT |
免疫检查点抑制剂组 | 292 | 腺癌 | nivolumab | ||
Brahmer 2015 [
|
化疗组 | 137 | 鳞癌 | 多西他赛 | RCT |
免疫检查点抑制剂组 | 135 | 鳞癌 | nivolumab | ||
Fehrenbacher 2016 [
|
化疗组 | 143 | 鳞癌、腺癌 | 多西他赛 | RCT |
免疫检查点抑制剂组 | 144 | 鳞癌、腺癌 | atezolizumab | ||
Reck 2013 [
|
化疗组 | 45 | 小细胞肺癌 | 紫杉醇 + 卡铂 + 安慰剂 | RCT |
免疫检查点抑制剂组 | 43 | 小细胞肺癌 | 紫杉醇 + 卡铂 + Ipilimumab (concurrent) | ||
免疫检查点抑制剂组 | 42 | 小细胞肺癌 | 紫杉醇 + 卡铂 + Ipilimumab (phased) |
表1. 纳入研究文献的基本特征
见表2。
纳入研究 | 随机方法 | 分配隐藏 | 盲法 | 不完整数据偏倚 | 选择性发表偏倚 | ITT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Herbst 2015 [
|
区组随机 | 隐藏 | 非盲 | 低风险 | 低风险 | 是 |
Thomas 2012 [
|
分层随机 | 未描述 | 双盲 | 低风险 | 低风险 | 是 |
Borghaei 2015 [
|
分层随机 | 未描述 | 非盲 | 低风险 | 低风险 | 是 |
Brahmer 2015 [
|
分层随机 | 未描述 | 非盲 | 低风险 | 低风险 | 是 |
Fehrenbacher 2016 [
|
区组随机 | 未隐藏 | 非盲 | 低风险 | 低风险 | 是 |
Reck 2013 [
|
分层随机 | 未描述 | 双盲 | 低风险 | 低风险 | 是 |
表2. 纳入研究的质量评价
分别以OS、PFS、有效率、治疗相关3~4级不良反应发生率进行效应指标的异质性检验。有效率及治疗相关3~4级不良反应发生率存在异质性(P < 0.1),采用随机效应模型进行meta分析;OS及PFS无异质性(P > 0.1),采用固定效应模型进行meta分析。
6个研究均报道了有效率 [
图1. 有效率的Meta分析
6个研究报道了PFS [
图2. PFS的Meta分析
6个研究报道了OS [
图3. OS的Meta分析
5个研究报道了治疗相关3~4级不良反应 [
图4. 治疗相关3~4级不良反应的Meta分析
免疫系统在控制肿瘤发展中起重要作用,肿瘤能够诱导免疫抑制、逃避免疫摧毁,肿瘤微环境存在大量功能失调的免疫细胞,其可以利用免疫调节途径逃避宿主细胞免疫 [
本meta分析纳入的6项研究 [
张庚艳,赵连波. 免疫检查点抑制剂治疗肺癌的Meta分析A Meta-Analysis of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Treatment of Lung Cancer[J]. 临床医学进展, 2022, 12(05): 4692-4699. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2022.125679
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