HJO Hans Journal of Ophthalmology 2167-6542 Scientific Research Publishing 10.12677/HJO.2022.111016 HJO-49887 HJO20220100000_61286554.pdf 医药卫生 泪膜导向性治疗的临床观察 Clinical Observation of Tear Film Oriented Therapy 翠薇 2 1 劲松 3 1 广东省深圳市保健办综合门诊部,广东 深圳 广东省深圳市眼科医院,广东 深圳 null 24 01 2022 11 01 99 103 © Copyright 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. 2014 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

目的:观察泪膜导向性治疗在重度干眼合并眼睑刷上皮病变中的临床疗效。方法:观察60例120眼重度干眼合并眼睑刷上皮病变患者,分为治疗组30例60眼和对照组30例60眼。治疗组予以3%地夸磷索钠滴眼液联合1%醋酸泼尼松龙滴眼液点眼;对照组予以重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子滴眼液联合0.1%普拉洛芬滴眼液点眼。两组均于治疗2 wks后复查。观察指标:分别于治疗前后进行眼表疾病评分指数(ocular surface disease index, OSDI)问卷调查;泪膜破裂时间(breakuptime, BUT);荧光素钠角膜染色裂隙灯显微镜检查观察角膜病变情况;荧光素、丽丝胺绿混合染色试纸染色,观察眼睑刷区域的病变情况,按病变程度评分;眼压测量。比较两组治疗前后的差异。结果:治疗组治愈47眼(78.33%),好转13眼(21.66%),无效0眼,治愈率78.33%而对照组治愈25眼(41.66%),好转27眼(45.00%),无效8眼(13.33%),治愈率41.66%,两组差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论:泪膜导向性治疗在重度干眼合并眼睑刷上皮病变治疗中疗效显著。 Objective: To observe the clinical effect of tear film oriented therapy in the treatment of severe dry eyes complicating eyelid-wiper epitheliopathy. Methods: 60 cases were divided into two groups randomly. The treated group was treated with 3% diquafosol eye drops combined with 1% Prednisolone Acetate Ewiperye Drops and the control group was treated with bFGF and 0.1% topical pranoprofen. All patients were rechecked after 2 weeks of treatment. The observated items inclouded questionary survey of OSDI conducted before and after treatment, breakup time of tear film (BUT), fluorescein staining of the cornea and dual staining of eyelid wiper area with fluorescein and lisamine green. All patients were scored according to their lesion degree. The difference of the items was compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Result: The therapeutic effect of LWE in treated group was excellent in 47 eyes (78.33%), effective in 13 (21.66%), ineffective in 0 eye (0%), and the total cure rate was 78.33%. In control group it was excellent in 25 eyes (41.66%), effective in 27 (45.00%), ineffective in 8 eye (13.33%), and the total cure rate was 41.66%. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Tear film oriented therapy had significant effect in treating severe dry eyes complicating eyelid-wiper epitheliopathy.

泪膜,导向性治疗,干眼,眼睑刷上皮病变, Tear Film Oriented Therapy Dry Eye Lid-Wiper Epitheliopathy
摘要

目的:观察泪膜导向性治疗在重度干眼合并眼睑刷上皮病变中的临床疗效。方法:观察60例120眼重度干眼合并眼睑刷上皮病变患者,分为治疗组30例60眼和对照组30例60眼。治疗组予以3%地夸磷索钠滴眼液联合1%醋酸泼尼松龙滴眼液点眼;对照组予以重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子滴眼液联合0.1%普拉洛芬滴眼液点眼。两组均于治疗2 wks后复查。观察指标:分别于治疗前后进行眼表疾病评分指数(ocular surface disease index, OSDI)问卷调查;泪膜破裂时间(breakuptime, BUT);荧光素钠角膜染色裂隙灯显微镜检查观察角膜病变情况;荧光素、丽丝胺绿混合染色试纸染色,观察眼睑刷区域的病变情况,按病变程度评分;眼压测量。比较两组治疗前后的差异。结果:治疗组治愈47眼(78.33%),好转13眼(21.66%),无效0眼,治愈率78.33%而对照组治愈25眼(41.66%),好转27眼(45.00%),无效8眼(13.33%),治愈率41.66%,两组差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论:泪膜导向性治疗在重度干眼合并眼睑刷上皮病变治疗中疗效显著。

关键词

泪膜,导向性治疗,干眼,眼睑刷上皮病变

Clinical Observation of Tear Film Oriented Therapy<sup> </sup>

Cuiwei Zhang1, Jinsong Mo2*

1Shenzhen Health Care Committee Office, Shenzhen Guangdong

2Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Guangdong

Received: Mar. 2nd, 2022; accepted: Mar. 15th, 2022; published: Mar. 30th, 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of tear film oriented therapy in the treatment of severe dry eyes complicating eyelid-wiper epitheliopathy. Methods: 60 cases were divided into two groups randomly. The treated group was treated with 3% diquafosol eye drops combined with 1% Prednisolone Acetate Ewiperye Drops and the control group was treated with bFGF and 0.1% topical pranoprofen. All patients were rechecked after 2 weeks of treatment. The observated items inclouded questionary survey of OSDI conducted before and after treatment, breakup time of tear film (BUT), fluorescein staining of the cornea and dual staining of eyelid wiper area with fluorescein and lisamine green. All patients were scored according to their lesion degree. The difference of the items was compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Result: The therapeutic effect of LWE in treated group was excellent in 47 eyes (78.33%), effective in 13 (21.66%), ineffective in 0 eye (0%), and the total cure rate was 78.33%. In control group it was excellent in 25 eyes (41.66%), effective in 27 (45.00%), ineffective in 8 eye (13.33%), and the total cure rate was 41.66%. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Tear film oriented therapy had significant effect in treating severe dry eyes complicating eyelid-wiper epitheliopathy.

Keywords:Tear Film, Oriented Therapy, Dry Eye, Lid-Wiper Epitheliopathy

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1. 引言

干眼(Dry eye)是目前眼科门诊和体检中除屈光不正之外最常见的眼部疾病,全球的干眼发病率为5.5%~33.7%,我国的干眼发病率为21%~30% [ 1 ]。2002年Korb等 [ 2 ] 首次提出了眼睑刷上皮病变(lid-wiper epitheliopathy, LWE)的概念,并提出该病变可能是干眼的早期改变。临床表现:多数患者有明显的干眼症状,早期干眼相关检查阴性,眼睑刷区域丽丝胺绿一荧光素钠复合眼科检测试纸染色阳性,晚期常合并干眼。我科门诊对人工泪液治疗无效的重度干眼合并重度LWE患者,予以泪膜导向性治疗:地夸磷索钠滴眼液联合激素,取得满意疗效,现报道如下。

2. 对象和方法 2.1. 一般资料

选择2019年2月至2021年2月来我科门诊就诊和体检中诊断重度干眼合并重度LWE患者60例120眼,男24例48眼,女36例72眼,年龄25~70岁,平均46.5 ± 10.6岁。随机分为两组,治疗组和对照组各30例60眼。两组的一般情况比较差异无统计学意义(P < 0.05)。

入选标准:1) 年龄25~70岁;2) 最佳矫正视力≥0.5;3) 裂隙灯显微镜下检查无眼睑内、外翻,缺损,睑缘炎症;无角膜炎症、瘢痕、新生血管;4) 干眼诊断标准:干眼的诊断参照“中国干眼专家共识(2020年)” [ 3 ] 干眼重度者;5) 眼睑刷上皮病变诊断标准:根据Korb等 [ 2 ] [ 3 ] 的评分方法眼睑刷区域病变程度III级者,6) 人工泪液治疗2周以上无效;

排除标准:1) 结膜有炎症及异常者;2) 眼部有炎症及眼压异常正进行局部及全身治疗者;3) 眼部手术史;4) 双眼屈光参差大于3.0 D或散光度数大于2.5 D。本研究经医院医学伦理会同意,并遵循赫尔辛基宣言,所有患者均签署知情同意书。

2.2. 治疗方法

治疗组给予3%地夸磷索钠滴眼液点眼,三次/天,联合1%醋酸泼尼松龙滴眼液点眼,2次/天。对照组给予重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子滴眼液点眼,4次/天,联合0.1%普拉洛芬滴眼液点眼,2次/天。

2.3. 观察指标

治疗前、后分别对患者进行:眼表疾病评分指数(ocular surface disease index, OSDI)问卷调查 [ 4 ];泪膜破裂时间测定 (breakuptime, BUT);荧光素钠角膜染色裂隙灯显微镜检查观察角膜病变情况;荧光素、丽丝胺绿混合染色试纸染色,观察眼睑刷区域的病变情况,据病变程度将其评分为0~3分;眼压测量。

干眼症状的评估眼表疾病评分指数问卷调查 [ 4 ],包括12个问题,分值0~100分;按总分将其分为:无干眼症状(≤13分),有干眼症状(≥13分)。

干眼的诊断

根据2020中国干眼专家共识 [ 3 ]:临床常用干眼诊断项目检测结果的分级标准:

轻度OSDI量表(分) 13~22,裂隙灯显微镜下检查无明显眼表损伤体征(角膜荧光素染色点<5个或不超过一个象限),非接触式泪膜破裂时间<10 s。

中度OSDI量表(分)23~32,裂隙灯显微镜下检查角膜损伤范围不超过2个象限及以上(和)角膜荧光染色点≥5个且<30个,非接触式泪膜破裂时间<5 s。

重度OSDI量表(分) 33~100,裂隙灯显微镜下检查角膜荧光素染色弥散融合成片状,波及三个象限或中央光学区,泪膜破裂时间<2 s或无完整泪膜。

眼睑刷染色:将含有荧光素钠–丽丝胺绿的眼科检测试纸(天津晶明公司)混合染色试纸用生理盐水浸湿后,滴入下穹隆,1 min后重复上述步骤,3 min后翻转眼睑,裂隙灯显微镜下用16倍镜加钴蓝色滤光片观察,测量眼睑刷染色区域的水平长度和矢状高度,并进行染色评分。

染色评分:根据Krob等 [ 2 ] 的评分方法:水平长度染色<2 mm为0分,2~4 mm为1分,5~9 mm为2分,≥10 mm为3分;矢状高度染色占眼睑刷部位的比例<25%为0分,≥25%且<50%为1分,≥50%且<75%为2分,≥75%为3分。水平长度和矢状高度的平均分即为该染色得分,据此评分进行LWE病变程度的分级:0.25~1分为Ⅰ级(轻度),1.25~2分为Ⅱ级(中度),2.25~3分为Ⅲ级(重度)

2.4. 疗效评估标准

治愈治疗前后干眼症状问卷调查OSDI量表评分降低70%,治疗后OSDI量表评分≤13分,角膜荧光素染色(-),BUT在2 s以上。眼睑刷区染色评分为0分。

好转治疗前后干眼症状问卷调查OSDI量表评分降低30%,治疗后OSDI量表评分≤23分,角膜荧光素染色<1个象限,BUT在2 s以上,眼睑刷区染色评分为≤1分。

无效治疗前后干眼症状问卷调查OSDI量表评分降低10%,治疗后OSDI量表评分>23分角膜荧光素染色区无明显改变,BUT<2 s,眼睑刷区染色评分≥1分。

2.5. 统计学处理

计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用X2检验。以p < 0.05具有统计学意义,采用SPSS13.0进行统计学处理。

3. 结果

治疗组治疗前OSDI量表评分为63.59 ± 2.03分,染色评分为2.05±0.61分,治疗后其OSDI量表评分为10.79 ± 1.33分,染色评分为0.22 ± 0.19分。对照组治疗前OSDI量表评分为62.86 ± 2.17分,染色评分为2.06 ± 0.53分,治疗后其OSDI量表评分为40.91 ± 1.63分,染色评分为0.62 ± 0.39分。治疗组的治愈率为78.33%,明显高于对照组的41.66%,治疗组的疗效明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(p < 0.05);两组治疗前后眼压测量均正常;详见表1。

Comparison of curative effect between two group
组别 治愈 好转 无效
治疗组 47 (78.33) 13 (21.66) 0 (0.00)
对照组 25 (41.66) 27 (45.00) 8 (13.33)

表1. 两组疗效情况对比

4. 讨论

2020亚洲干眼共识认为 [ 2 ] 干眼是一种多因素引起的慢性疾病,相关危险因素包括炎症、泪液渗透压升高、干燥的环境、睑板腺功能障碍、衰老、角膜接触镜佩戴、屈光手术、结膜松弛、眼睑松弛等。长时间使用视频终端显示器(visual display teminal, VDT)和睑板腺功能障碍(meibomian gland dysfunction, MGD)是近年干眼发病的主要原因。干眼的主要病理学特征是泪膜不稳定和高渗透的恶性循环所导致的眼表炎症损伤。

我们在临床工作中,多见重度干眼合并眼睑刷上皮病(LWE)。眼睑刷上皮病(LWE)是由Korb等 [ 2 ] 2002年提出的一组与干眼相关的睑结膜病变。是指眼睑刷区(上睑结膜的边缘区域,起于上睑板腺开口后方,止于睑板下沟的上方)的上皮细胞功能异常,结膜印迹细胞学检查可见0~1级不等的结膜上皮细胞鳞状化生,眼睑刷区睑结膜染色。2020亚洲干眼共识 [ 5 ] 首次将眼睑刷上皮病(LWE)并入干眼的诊疗中。一般认为,LWE的发病主要是瞬目时眼睑刷区域与眼球表面的摩擦力增加所致。LWE的主要的致病因素包括以下几点:1) 泪膜功能障碍有研究显示 [ 6 ],有些患者的泪液量基本正常,导致眼睑刷区摩擦力增加的主要原因可能是泪膜的功能异常,导致两界面间润滑不足、摩擦增加。我国刘爽等 [ 7 ] 做过研究关于眼睑刷上皮病变与干眼检查指标相关性分析,发现泪膜破裂时间和结膜印迹细胞学检查在这两种疾病中具有较高的相关性;2) 配戴角膜接触镜,因为角膜接触镜可使泪膜脂质层变薄、分布不均并加快泪液蒸发速率,导致泪膜稳定性下降 [ 8 ] [ 9 ]。3) 其他:LWE的其他可能病因还包括瞬目异常、眼睑解剖异常、眼睑刷部位的炎症、上下睑缘的异常接触(如眼睑松弛)等。治疗方法同干眼症。

目前,普遍认为,不完全瞬目、IFQ使用期间瞬目次数减少、睑裂闭合不全和眼睑痉挛等因素均影响泪膜的黏蛋白层、水液层和脂质层中的某一层或多层,导致干眼的核心特征——泪膜不稳定。这为临床干眼的精准治疗提供了明确的方向和理论基础。2020亚洲干眼共识 [ 2 ] 提出了泪膜导向型治疗的新概念,即泪膜的相关成分发生异常后应该对相关成分进行治疗,并强调了稳定泪膜在干眼治疗中的重要性。比如针对泪膜的脂质层异常,建议热敷、低剂量软膏;水液/粘蛋白层异常:补充地夸磷索钠、玻璃酸钠、瑞巴派特;上皮功能异常:补充跨膜型粘蛋白包括:地夸磷索钠、瑞巴派特;上皮修复剂:自体血清,表皮生长因子,瑞巴派特。

本次临床疗效观察中,选用了作为泪膜导向性治疗的代表药物——3%地夸磷索钠滴眼液,它通过促进泪膜各成份的分泌,从而改善泪膜的稳定性。地夸磷索钠是一种核苷酸UTP的合成衍生物,为嘌呤P2Y2受体激动剂 [ 10 ],而P2Y2受体分布于眼表的不同部位,包括睑结膜、球结膜上皮,角膜上皮和睑板腺等 [ 11 ],P2Y2受体激活后会导致黏蛋白、脂质和水份的分泌增加。有研究表明 [ 12 ],干燥应力能诱导眼表形成Th1炎症性细胞因子,破坏Th17相关的角膜上皮屏障,炎症是干眼的关键性特征,在干眼的进展中起促进作用,地夸磷索钠除了促进泪液分泌外,同时具有促进角膜上皮修复、抑制炎症反应等作用 [ 13 ]。为了增加抗炎效果,根据2020亚洲干眼指南 [ 2 ] 给出的抗炎方案,本组病例中,治疗组选择了1%醋酸泼尼松龙滴眼液,对照组应用非甾体抗炎药(普拉洛芬)。

另外,本组病例中,我们发现有26例角膜屈光矫正术后的重症干眼患者,患者均无明显的眼部不适、异物感等干眼症状,仅在常规眼科体检中发现干眼病情,与角膜激光手术后角膜基底下神经丛和角膜基质神经受损,导致角膜面知觉减退相关 [ 14 ]。

干眼和眼睑刷上皮病变均是由多种因素所致的眼表疾病,以往临床药物治疗单一,疗效欠佳;泪膜导向性治疗为临床治疗提供了更有针对性的治疗方案。本组病例的临床疗效观察表明,采用3%地夸磷索滴眼液联合1%醋酸泼尼松龙滴眼液的泪膜导向性治疗方法,取得显著的临床疗效,且耐受性良好,未见眼部及全身严重不良反应,有望替代免疫抑制剂、人工泪液等干眼治疗药物,具有广阔的应用前景。

文章引用

张翠薇,莫劲松. 泪膜导向性治疗的临床观察Clinical Observation of Tear Film Oriented Therapy[J]. 眼科学, 2022, 11(01): 99-103. https://doi.org/10.12677/HJO.2022.111016

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