在地震、测井和地质录井等资料分析的基础上,应用断层活动性和封闭性的定量评价、波阻抗储层反演等方法,对渤海湾盆地南堡油田中浅层油气成藏主控因素进行了研究。结果表明:古近系东营组一段、新近系馆陶组和明化镇组是南堡油田中浅层的主要富集层系,以构造油气藏为主,总计发育23条油源断层,油源断层控制中浅层油气藏在平面上的宏观分布。研究区馆陶组局部发育火成岩,厚值中心达400 m,火成岩的发育有利于油气垂向和侧向封堵,火山岩厚度与断距的配置关系是造成油气在纵向上差异分布的主控因素。泥岩涂抹作用和断层面两侧岩性的对置关系对油气保存起重要作用,形成断层侧向封堵的条件为SGR > 40%,油气在砂岩–泥岩对置或砂岩–火山岩对置的有利圈闭中富集,波阻抗异常高的储层油气显示情况较好。基于南堡油田中浅层油气成藏要素分析,指出南堡4号构造带、南堡2号构造带东部和南堡3号构造带是下步有利勘探区。 Based on the data of seismic, well logging and geological logging, research on the main control-ling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation in mid-shallow layer of Nanpu oilfield were studied by using quantitative evaluation of fault-activity & fault-seal, technologies of wave impedance refu-tation of reservoir. The results showed that hydrocarbon of Nanpu oilfield in Bohai Bay basin was mainly enriched in the strata of 1st Member of Dongying Formation in Paleogene, Guantao Formation and Minghuazhen Formation in Neogene, and structural hydrocarbon reservoir is the main type. Totally 23 oil-source faults are developed, which control the macro distribution of mid-shallow reservoirs in the plane. In the research area, igneous rocks are locally developed in Guantao Formation, and the thickness center reaches 400 m. The developed igneous rock is favor of horizontal and vertical sealing of hydrocarbon. The relationship between volcanic rock thickness and fault spacing was the main control factor that caused the longitudinal differential hydrocarbon distribution. Mud smear and the opposing relationship of lithology on both sides of fault plane play an important role in hydrocarbon preservation, and the condition formed fault-seal was smear gouge ratio which is more than 40%. Hydrocarbon is enriched in the traps with favorable configuration relationship of sand-mud or sand-igneous rock, and the reservoir with abnormally high wave impedance has better hydrocarbon shows. Based on the analysis of the controlling factors of mid-shallow hydrocarbon accumulation in Nanpu oilfield, it was pointed out that No. 4 structural belt, eastern of No. 2 structural belt and No. 3 structural belt were the favorable exploration areas in future.
在地震、测井和地质录井等资料分析的基础上,应用断层活动性和封闭性的定量评价、波阻抗储层反演等方法,对渤海湾盆地南堡油田中浅层油气成藏主控因素进行了研究。结果表明:古近系东营组一段、新近系馆陶组和明化镇组是南堡油田中浅层的主要富集层系,以构造油气藏为主,总计发育23条油源断层,油源断层控制中浅层油气藏在平面上的宏观分布。研究区馆陶组局部发育火成岩,厚值中心达400 m,火成岩的发育有利于油气垂向和侧向封堵,火山岩厚度与断距的配置关系是造成油气在纵向上差异分布的主控因素。泥岩涂抹作用和断层面两侧岩性的对置关系对油气保存起重要作用,形成断层侧向封堵的条件为SGR > 40%,油气在砂岩–泥岩对置或砂岩–火山岩对置的有利圈闭中富集,波阻抗异常高的储层油气显示情况较好。基于南堡油田中浅层油气成藏要素分析,指出南堡4号构造带、南堡2号构造带东部和南堡3号构造带是下步有利勘探区。
油源断层,火成岩,断层封闭性,波阻抗储层反演,南堡油田,渤海湾盆地
Tao Wan
Institute of Geophysical Exploration, Zhongyuan Oilfield Company, SINOPEC, Puyang Henan
Received: Aug. 15th, 2021; accepted: Sep. 2nd, 2021; published: Sep. 9th, 2021
Based on the data of seismic, well logging and geological logging, research on the main controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation in mid-shallow layer of Nanpu oilfield were studied by using quantitative evaluation of fault-activity & fault-seal, technologies of wave impedance refutation of reservoir. The results showed that hydrocarbon of Nanpu oilfield in Bohai Bay basin was mainly enriched in the strata of 1stMember of Dongying Formation in Paleogene, Guantao Formation and Minghuazhen Formation in Neogene, and structural hydrocarbon reservoir is the main type. Totally 23 oil-source faults are developed, which control the macro distribution of mid-shallow reservoirs in the plane. In the research area, igneous rocks are locally developed in Guantao Formation, and the thickness center reaches 400 m. The developed igneous rock is favor of horizontal and vertical sealing of hydrocarbon. The relationship between volcanic rock thickness and fault spacing was the main control factor that caused the longitudinal differential hydrocarbon distribution. Mud smear and the opposing relationship of lithology on both sides of fault plane play an important role in hydrocarbon preservation, and the condition formed fault-seal was smear gouge ratio which is more than 40%. Hydrocarbon is enriched in the traps with favorable configuration relationship of sand-mud or sand-igneous rock, and the reservoir with abnormally high wave impedance has better hydrocarbon shows. Based on the analysis of the controlling factors of mid-shallow hydrocarbon accumulation in Nanpu oilfield, it was pointed out that No. 4 structural belt, eastern of No. 2 structural belt and No. 3 structural belt were the favorable exploration areas in future.
Keywords:Source Faults, Igneous Rock, Fault-Seal, Wave Impedance Refutation of Reservoir, Nanpu Oilfield, Bohai Bay Basin
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南堡凹陷勘探面积1932 km2,其中陆地面积570 km2,海域面积1362 km2。南堡凹陷位于渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷东北隅,为一个北断南超的箕状凹陷 [
图1. 南堡凹陷主要油源断层及中浅层油气藏油气分布
南堡凹陷断层发育,中浅层以构造油气藏为主,圈闭类型主要有断块、断鼻、断背斜等。油源对比结果表明南堡油田油气来源于林雀和曹妃甸洼陷,其主力烃源岩发育层系为沙三段、沙一段和东三段 [
作为沟通成熟烃源岩与源上油气藏的“桥梁”,油源断层对中浅层油气的富集起主要控制作用 [
研究区火成岩一般发育在馆陶组中部,岩性以灰黑色玄武岩为主,此外还发育灰色凝灰岩及灰色玄武质泥岩。从电性特征上看,玄武岩表现为低自然伽马,与相邻井段的砂泥岩地层相比,具有较小的声波时差值,但具有较小的密度值,可能与火成岩喷发时残留在内部的气孔有关。凝灰岩和玄武质泥岩具有较高自然伽马,与相邻井段的砂泥岩地层自然伽马值相当。馆陶组火成岩在南堡1号构造带最为发育,厚度最大达400~500 m,一般在200 m以上,该构造带同时也为南堡凹陷浅层油气探明储量最多的构造带。南堡2号构造带馆陶组火成岩厚度一般在50~100 m,南堡3号和4号构造带馆陶组火成岩不大发育(图2)。
图2. 南堡凹陷馆陶组火成岩厚度与中浅层油气藏分布关系图
根据南堡1号构造带南堡1井区和南堡2号构造带西部老堡南1井区油气藏解剖结果(剖面位置见图1),在同为潜山披覆背斜构造背景下,对于中浅层油气藏,南堡1号构造带油气富集程度明显较南堡2号构造带高(图3),造成油气在纵向上差异分布的原因主要为:一是馆陶组火成岩的发育情况,1号构造带火成岩厚度为200~400米,其厚度大于断层断距,火成岩的发育有利于油气垂向和侧向封堵,而2号构造带火成岩为50~100米,主要起侧向封堵的作用。可以看出,火山岩厚度与断距的配置关系是造成油气在纵向上差异分布的主控因素。
图3. 南堡1号和2号构造带波阻抗储层反演、泥岩涂抹特征和油藏剖面综合图
断层封闭性包括垂向封闭性和侧向封闭性,断层的垂向封闭性主要根据断层断距与区域性盖层厚度的关系进行定性–定量分析,本文重点分析了馆陶组断层断距与馆陶组火成岩厚度之间的关系。断层侧向封闭性主要考虑断层面物质涂抹、断层面两侧的岩性对置关系及波阻抗异常。
断层面物质涂抹采用“断层泥比率SGR”的计算方法(Yielding等,1997) [
S G R = ∑ ( 泥 岩 层 厚 度 ) 断 距 × 100 % 或 S G R = ∑ ( 断 层 带 砂 泥 岩 厚 度 × 泥 岩 所 占 比 率 ) 断 距 × 100 % (1)
断层面两侧的岩性对置关系及波阻抗异常主要采用连井油藏剖面和测井约束反演来分析(图3)。测井曲线反演(采用Jason软件)是将测井资料与地震资料紧密结合,二者互相约束,在时间、深度域上通过声波或者密度曲线建立正确的时深关系,充分利用测井资料丰富的高频与低频信息和地震资料的中频信息,提高波阻抗剖面的分辨率和信噪比 [
地 震 记 录 ( S ) = 反 射 系 数 ( R ) ∗ 子 波 ( W ) ,即: S = F ( R , W ) ,变换为:
S = F ( S o n i c , D e n , W ) = F { ∑ i = 1 n [ log ( i ) ∗ W e i g h t ( i ) ] } = F { ∑ i = 1 n [ P C A ( i ) ∗ W e i g h t ( i ) ] } (2)
式中:S为地震记录;R为反射系数;W为子波;Sonic为声波;Den为密度;PCA为主分量;Weight为权重因子。
中浅层地震子波频率为20~25赫兹,分别进行了相对波阻抗(未加低频信息)和绝对波阻抗(加入低频信息)反演(公式2),增加反演结果的可靠性。
从断层与砂岩储层的配置关系上看,南堡1号构造带中浅层油气主要在断层泥比率(SGR)大于40%的储层中,沿砂体上倾方向砂泥对置有利于断层侧向封闭,如1号断层在南堡1-1井区附近馆陶组顶部断层泥比率为14%~33%时,油气显示为水层,在断层泥比率为61%时为油层。南堡2号构造带中浅层砂体发育,断层面两侧砂体对置关系相对较差,砂岩与砂岩对置时为水层,油气主要富集在断层泥比率大于40%,砂岩与泥岩或者火成岩对置的有利圈闭中。从测井约束反演结果上看(图3),中浅层砂岩和火成岩的波阻抗值要高于泥岩,当砂岩储层中含油气后,呈现亮点反射特征,有利圈闭中波阻抗异常高的储层油气显示情况较好,如南堡1号构造带中浅层波阻抗异常高,南堡1井、南堡1-1井东一段波阻抗异常高的储层均为油层。南堡2号构造带南堡288井东营组三段下部、沙一段地层中出现明显的波阻抗异常高值区,油气主要富集在深层。可以看出,泥岩涂抹作用和断层面两侧砂体的对置关系对油气保存起重要作用,形成断层侧向封堵的条件为SGR > 40%,油气在砂岩–泥岩对置或砂岩–火山岩对置的有利圈闭中富集,波阻抗异常高的储层油气显示情况较好。
综上所述,油源断层、火山岩厚度、断层断距、泥岩涂抹和断层两侧岩性对置关系是南堡油田中浅层油气成藏的主控因素。通过对比分析南堡油田各个构造单元中浅层油气成藏要素,认为南堡4号构造带、南堡2号构造带东部和南堡3号构造带油源断层和中浅层构造圈闭发育,是下步有利勘探区,由于馆陶组火成岩欠发育,油气保存主要依靠断层侧向封堵,预测其富集程度要低于南堡1号和南堡2号构造带。
1) 古近系东营组、新近系馆陶组和明化镇组是南堡油田中浅层的主要富集层系,作为沟通成熟烃源岩与源上油气藏的“桥梁”,油源断层对中浅层构造油气藏的富集起主要控制作用。研究区总计发育23条油源断层,目前勘探上发现的油气主要富集油源断层附近,油源断层控制中浅层油气藏在平面上的宏观分布。
2) 研究区馆陶组发育火成岩,厚值中心达400 m,火成岩对油气垂向和侧向封堵起重要作用,火山岩厚度与断距的配置关系是造成南堡1号和南堡2号构造带油气在纵向上差异分布的主控因素。形成断层侧向封堵的条件为SGR > 40%,油气在砂岩–泥岩对置或砂岩–火山岩对置的有利圈闭中富集,波阻抗异常高的储层油气显示情况较好。
3) 油源断层、火山岩厚度、断层断距、泥岩涂抹和断层两侧岩性对置关系是南堡油田中浅层油气成藏的主控因素。对比分析认为南堡4号构造带、南堡2号构造带东部和南堡3号构造带油源断层和中浅层构造圈闭发育,是下步有利勘探区,由于馆陶组火成岩发育程度较差,中浅层油气保存主要依靠断层侧向封堵,预测其富集程度要低于南堡1号和南堡2号构造带西部。
国家科技重大专项项目“大型油气田及煤层气开发”(2016ZX05006-004)资助。
万 涛. 南堡油田中浅层油气成藏主控因素研究Research on the Main Controlling Factors of Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Mid-Shallow Layer of Nanpu Oilfield[J]. 地球科学前沿, 2021, 11(09): 1181-1187. https://doi.org/10.12677/AG.2021.119114
https://doi.org/10.1306/522B498D-1727-11D7-8645000102C1865D