目的:调查军队某疗养院护士心理资本及职业认同感现状,并分析其相关性。方法:选取军队某疗养院82例护士为研究对象,发放心理资本与职业认同感问卷。结果:疗养院护士职业认同感总分值(109.12 ± 18.23)分,总分及各维度分值高于常模,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);不同年龄段( F = 3.73, P < 0.05)、身份( F = 3.13, P < 0.05)的护士职业认同感分值比较,差异均有统计学意义;护士心理资本分值(3.85 ± 0.86)分,不同年龄段( F = 3.26, P < 0.05)、学历( F = 3.17, P < 0.05)、身份( F = 3.81, P < 0.05)的护士心理资本分值比较,差异均有统计学意义;护士职业认同感与心理资本总分及各维度分值均呈正相关( P < 0.05)。结论:军队疗养院护士心理资本及职业认同感处于中等水平,单位应关注年龄段低及聘用制护士的心理状态,提高其积极心理资本,从而提升职业认同感。 Objective: To investigate the status quo of psychological capital and professional identity of nurses in a military sanatorium, and analyze their correlation. Methods: 82 nurses in a military sanatorium were selected as the research objects, and psychological capital and professional identity questionnaire were distributed. Results: The total score of professional identity of nurses in sanatorium was (109.12 ± 18.23), the total score and the scores of each dimension were higher than the norm, the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05); different age groups ( F = 3.73, P < 0.05), identity ( F = 3.13, P < 0.05), the scores of psychological capital of nurses were (3.85 ± 0.86), different age groups ( F = 3.26, P < 0.05), educational background ( F = 3.17, P < 0.05) and identity ( F = 3.81, P < 0.05), there were significant differences in the scores of psychological capital between the two groups ( P < 0.05); there was a positive correlation between nurses’ professional identity and the total score of psychological capital and the scores of each dimension ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: The psychological capital and professional identity of nurses in military sanatorium are in the middle level. The unit should pay attention to the psychological state of nurses with low age and employment system and improve their positive psychological capital, so as to enhance their professional identity.
目的:调查军队某疗养院护士心理资本及职业认同感现状,并分析其相关性。方法:选取军队某疗养院82例护士为研究对象,发放心理资本与职业认同感问卷。结果:疗养院护士职业认同感总分值(109.12 ± 18.23)分,总分及各维度分值高于常模,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);不同年龄段(F = 3.73, P < 0.05)、身份(F = 3.13, P < 0.05)的护士职业认同感分值比较,差异均有统计学意义;护士心理资本分值(3.85 ± 0.86)分,不同年龄段(F = 3.26, P < 0.05)、学历(F = 3.17, P < 0.05)、身份(F = 3.81, P < 0.05)的护士心理资本分值比较,差异均有统计学意义;护士职业认同感与心理资本总分及各维度分值均呈正相关(P < 0.05)。结论:军队疗养院护士心理资本及职业认同感处于中等水平,单位应关注年龄段低及聘用制护士的心理状态,提高其积极心理资本,从而提升职业认同感。
军队疗养院,护士,心理资本,职业认同感
Saiyun Huang1, Tiancai Cai2, Fanwei Meng1, Xiaoxin Peng1, Wei Liu1, Chun Wu1, Xianke Zeng3*
1Outpatient Department, Xiamen Military Special Service Convalescent Center, Xiamen Fujian
2Convalescent Department 2, Xiamen Military Special Service Convalescent Center, Xiamen Fujian
3Convalescent Department 5, Xiamen Military Special Service Convalescent Center, Xiamen Fujian
Received: Jul. 6th, 2021; accepted: Aug. 11th, 2021; published: Aug. 18th, 2021
Objective: To investigate the status quo of psychological capital and professional identity of nurses in a military sanatorium, and analyze their correlation. Methods: 82 nurses in a military sanatorium were selected as the research objects, and psychological capital and professional identity questionnaire were distributed. Results: The total score of professional identity of nurses in sanatorium was (109.12 ± 18.23), the total score and the scores of each dimension were higher than the norm, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); different age groups (F = 3.73, P < 0.05), identity (F = 3.13, P < 0.05), the scores of psychological capital of nurses were (3.85 ± 0.86), different age groups (F = 3.26, P < 0.05), educational background (F = 3.17, P < 0.05) and identity (F = 3.81, P < 0.05), there were significant differences in the scores of psychological capital between the two groups (P < 0.05); there was a positive correlation between nurses’ professional identity and the total score of psychological capital and the scores of each dimension (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The psychological capital and professional identity of nurses in military sanatorium are in the middle level. The unit should pay attention to the psychological state of nurses with low age and employment system and improve their positive psychological capital, so as to enhance their professional identity.
Keywords:Military Sanatorium, Nurse, Psychological Capital, Professional Identity
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职业认同是一个心理学概念,是指个体对于所从事职业的肯定性评价,在职业的发展中起着促进作用 [
选取军队某疗养院的护士为研究对象,发放心理资本与职业认同感问卷各82份,得到有效问卷各82份,有效回收率为100%。研究对象均为女性;年龄21~30岁16例,31~40岁46例,41岁以上20例;学历:中专18例,大专38例,本科26例;工作年限:1~5年11例,6~10年20例,11年以上51例;身份:军人26例,文职40例,聘用制16例;职称:护士8例,护师42例,主管护师22例,副主任护师10例;婚姻状况:未婚13例,已婚69例。研究对象均获得知情同意并签署知情同意书。该研究已获得医院伦理委员会批准。
1) 护士职业认同感量表:由刘玲等编制,共30个条目,分为5个维度,分别是职业认知评价、职业社会支持、职业社交技能、职业挫折应对和职业自我反思。每个条目采用5级评分法,从“非常不符合”到“非常符合”分别计1~5分。总分为四个等级,分别是低分组30~60分、偏低组61~90,中等组91~120,高分组121~150分,分值越高,职业认同感水平越高。问卷具有良好的信效度,Cronbach’s α系数为0.938 [
2) 心理资本问卷:由LUTHANS等编制,李超平修订 [
采用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计学处理,计量资料采用x ± s表示,护士不同人口学特征的职业认同感及心理资本得分比较采用t检验或单素方差分析,护士职业认同感与心理资本的相关性采用Pearson相关分析法。计数资料采用%表示,以P < 0.05为差异显著。
军队疗养院护士职业认同感分值为(109.12 ± 18.23)分,分值处于中等组,职业认同处于中等水平,研究对象的总分及各维度分显著高于常模 [
项目 | 常模(n = 620) | 疗养院护士(n = 82) | t值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|
总分 | 100.53 ± 14.37 | 109.12 ± 18.23 | 4.917 | 0.0000 |
职业认知评价 | 30.03 ± 4.88 | 32.56 ± 4.51 | 4.450 | 0.0000 |
职业社会支持 | 19.49 ± 3.44 | 21.15 ± 4.16 | 4.001 | 0.0001 |
职业社交技能 | 21.18 ± 3.06 | 21.96 ± 3.45 | 2.136 | 0.0330 |
职业挫折应对 | 19.97 ± 3.16 | 22.03 ± 2.84 | 5.611 | 0.0000 |
职业自我反思 | 9.87 ± 1.79 | 11.42 ± 1.98 | 7.276 | 0.0000 |
表1. 军队疗养院护士职业认同感与常模比较(分,x ± s)
不同年龄段的护士职业认同感分值比较,差异有统计学意义(F = 3.73, P < 0.05);不同身份的护士职业认同感分值比较,差异有统计学意义(F = 3.13, P < 0.05);不同学历、工作年限、职称及婚姻状况的护士职业认同感分值比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。见表2。
军队疗养院护士心理资本分值为(3.85 ± 0.86)分。不同年龄段的心理资本分值比较,差异有统计学意义(F = 3.26, P < 0.05);不同学历的护士心理资本分值比较,差异有统计学意义(F = 3.17, P < 0.05);不同身份的护士心理资本分值比较,差异有统计学意义(F = 3.81, P < 0.05);不同工作年限、职称及婚姻状况的护士心理资本分值比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。见表3。
项目 | n | 评分 | t/F值 | P值 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
年龄 | 21~30 | 16 | 103.06 ± 17.84 | 3.73 | 0.0282 |
31~40 | 46 | 107.50 ± 15.85 | |||
41以上 | 20 | 117.69 ± 19.13 | |||
学历 | 中专 | 18 | 111.73 ± 21.54 | 0.45 | 0.6420 |
大专 | 38 | 109.67 ± 17.59 | |||
本科 | 26 | 106.51 ± 18.17 | |||
工作年限 | 1~5 | 11 | 101.87 ± 14.81 | 2.19 | 0.1188 |
6~10 | 20 | 105.28 ± 17.42 | |||
11 | 51 | 112.19 ± 18.15 | |||
身份 | 军人 | 26 | 115.81 ± 19.25 | 3.13 | 0.0493 |
文职 | 40 | 107.31 ± 16.78 | |||
聘用制 | 16 | 102.77 ± 16.83 | |||
职称 | 护士 | 8 | 102.79 ± 10.26 | 1.16 | 0.3296 |
护师 | 42 | 107.93 ± 16.57 | |||
主管护师 | 22 | 110.58 ± 18.45 | |||
副主任护师 | 10 | 115.96 ± 9.86 | |||
婚姻 | 已婚 | 69 | 109.28 ± 18.92 | 0.176 | 0.8606 |
未婚 | 13 | 108.27 ± 19.17 |
表2. 军队疗养院护士一般资料的职业认同感比较(分,x ± s)
项目 | n | 评分 | t/F值 | P值 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
年龄 | 20~30 | 16 | 3.53 ± 0.95 | 3.26 | 0.0435 |
31~40 | 46 | 3.80 ± 0.83 | |||
41以上 | 20 | 4.22 ± 0.72 | |||
学历 | 中专 | 18 | 3.78 ± 0.76 | 3.17 | 0.0474 |
大专 | 38 | 4.09 ± 0.84 | |||
本科 | 26 | 3.55 ± 0.93 | |||
工作年限 | 1~5 | 11 | 3.51 ± 0.91 | 1.76 | 0.1787 |
6~10 | 20 | 3.73 ± 0.82 | |||
11 | 51 | 3.97 ± 0.78 | |||
身份 | 军人 | 26 | 4.18 ± 0.69 | 3.83 | 0.0259 |
文职 | 40 | 3.78 ± 0.91 | |||
聘用制 | 16 | 3.49 ± 0.75 | |||
职称 | 护士 | 8 | 3.48 ± 0.67 | 1.07 | 0.3649 |
护师 | 42 | 3.82 ± 0.95 | |||
主管护师 | 22 | 3.89 ± 0.75 | |||
副主任护师 | 10 | 4.19 ± 0.69 | |||
婚姻 | 已婚 | 69 | 3.86 ± 0.86 | 0.233 | 0.8166 |
未婚 | 13 | 3.80 ± 0.81 |
表3. 军队疗养院护士一般资料的心理资本比较(分,x ± s)
护士职业认同感与心理资本总分及各维度得分之间均呈正相关(P < 0.01),其中,职业认同感总分与心理资本总分r = 0.684,(P < 0.01),见表4。
项目 | 心理资本总分 | 效能 | 希望 | 抗挫折 | 乐观 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
职业认同感总分 | 0.684 | 0.651 | 0.712 | 0.643 | 0.627 |
职业认知评价 | 0.542 | 0.565 | 0.619 | 0.546 | 0.723 |
职业社会支持 | 0.677 | 0.615 | 0.689 | 0.632 | 0.716 |
职业挫折应对 | 0.721 | 0.693 | 0.709 | 0.661 | 0.642 |
职业自我反思 | 0.701 | 0.709 | 0.687 | 0.685 | 0.543 |
表4. 疗养院护士职业认同感与心理资本相关性分析(r值)
注:均P < 0.01。
本研究结果显示军队疗养院护士职业认同水平处于中等水平,职业认同感总分值为(109.12 ± 18.23)分,显著高于常模 [
本次调查军队疗养院护士心理资本状况总体较好,心理状态趋向积极。不同的年龄段、学历、身份的护士心理资本分值存在显著差异,21~30岁和聘用制护士心理资本分值较低,41岁以上、大专学历、军护心理资本分值较高。可能存在以下原因:41岁以上大多数是军人,且学历以大专为主,工资收入及待遇较好,社会认可度较高,对工作的热情和积极性较高,具备一定积极的心理状态。年轻护士及聘用制护士可能受到专业技能发展差、工资较低、福利待遇便差等因素,影响其积极的心理资源。有研究表明心理资本可以通过持续的组织支持得以提升 [
研究显示护士职业认同与心理资本总分及各维度得分均呈正相关(P < 0.01),这与朱雪莲和彭雅娟等 [
综上所述,军队疗养机构护士心理资本及职业认同感总体处于中上水平,水平由高到低依次是军护、文职护士、聘用制护士。新形势下,文职护士已经落编调整完毕,工资待遇已大幅度提升,而聘用制护士待遇与在编文职护士薪酬差距较远,且工作任务和文职护士基本一样,影响其职业认同感及心理资本。有研究显示,积极的职业认同感有助于提高护士的工作满意度,减少其离职倾向,增强护士群体的凝聚力 [
黄赛云,蔡添才,孟凡伟,彭晓欣,刘 薇,吴 春,曾宪科. 军队疗养院护士心理资本与职业认同感现状 Status Quo of Psychological Capital and Professional Identity of Nurses in Military Sanatorium[J]. 护理学, 2021, 10(04): 352-357. https://doi.org/10.12677/NS.2021.104057
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