本文回顾性分析一例宫角妊娠 + 患侧输卵管切除术后,再次患侧宫角妊娠合并子宫动静脉畸形,结合其相关文献对其发生、诊断及治疗方法等进行分析。目前孕囊向宫腔外扩展生长,使宫角膨胀外凸,宫角部肌层组织逐渐变薄,合并子宫动静脉畸形的患者,建议先行子宫动脉造影及栓塞术,然后再行腹腔镜探查术。 This paper retrospectively analyzed a case of cornual pregnancy with affected side salpingectomy, the second affected side cornual pregnancy with uterine arteriovenous malformation. The occurrence, diagnosis and treatment of the disease were analyzed in combination with relevant literature. At present, for the patients with uterine arteriovenous malformations, the gestational sac expands and grows out of the uterine cavity, the uterine horn expands and protrudes, the myometrium of the uterine horn gradually becomes thinner, and uterine arteriography and embolization are recommended, followed by laparoscopic exploration.
本文回顾性分析一例宫角妊娠 + 患侧输卵管切除术后,再次患侧宫角妊娠合并子宫动静脉畸形,结合其相关文献对其发生、诊断及治疗方法等进行分析。目前孕囊向宫腔外扩展生长,使宫角膨胀外凸,宫角部肌层组织逐渐变薄,合并子宫动静脉畸形的患者,建议先行子宫动脉造影及栓塞术,然后再行腹腔镜探查术。
宫角妊娠,子宫动静脉畸形,治疗措施
Lulu Guo1, Meiling Guo2, Qiuping Li1, Beibei Li1, Zhen Wang1*
1Qingdao University, Qingdao Shandong
2The Qingdao Chengyang People’s Hospital, Qingdao Shandong
Received: Jun. 19th, 2021; accepted: Jul. 11th, 2021; published: Jul. 22nd, 2021
This paper retrospectively analyzed a case of cornual pregnancy with affected side salpingectomy, the second affected side cornual pregnancy with uterine arteriovenous malformation. The occurrence, diagnosis and treatment of the disease were analyzed in combination with relevant literature. At present, for the patients with uterine arteriovenous malformations, the gestational sac expands and grows out of the uterine cavity, the uterine horn expands and protrudes, the myometrium of the uterine horn gradually becomes thinner, and uterine arteriography and embolization are recommended, followed by laparoscopic exploration.
Keywords:Corneal Pregnancy, Uterine Arteriovenous Malformation, Treatment Measures
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宫角妊娠是指受精卵种植于子宫角部,是一种较为罕见的异位妊娠。子宫动静脉畸形是一种罕见的妇科疾病,它可导致阴道不规则流血、甚至大出血,失血性休克,威胁生命。异常的动静脉一般都是曲折扩张的,临床上较为少见,主要是由血管壁显著扩张的供血动脉与引流静脉通过异常的血管相通,长时间存在会在其间形成畸形血管团,以没有包膜及血管内皮细胞增生为特点,且瘤体与周围组织亦无清楚界限 [
患者,女,38岁,G7P2A5,14年前顺产1女,3年前剖宫产1子,2年前因“宫角妊娠”于我院就诊,入院诊断:宫角妊娠,剖宫产术后,宫腔粘连。遂行腹腔镜手术(腹腔镜下右侧宫角妊娠切开 + 妊娠组织清除术 + 右侧输卵管切除 + 盆腔黏连松解术),术后定期复查,血HCG降至正常,仍未见月经来潮,查性腺六项未见明显异常,考虑宫腔粘连所致,未予特殊处理,术后1年出现月经来潮,但经量减少,量约为既往1/3。
此次因“停经53天,阴道血性分泌物6天”入院,入院诊断:宫角妊娠(右侧),宫角妊娠术后(右侧),子宫占位性质待诊:子宫动静脉畸形?宫腔粘连输卵管切除术后(右侧),剖宫产术后,不良孕产史。患者月经欠规律,3/45天,LMP:2021-02-05,10天前自测尿妊娠试验(+),B超提示:宫腔上段偏右见孕囊,大小约2.0 * 1.4 * 0.9 cm,内未见明显卵黄囊及胎芽,外侧缘距浆膜层约0.3 cm,肌层右前壁见范围约5.3 * 3.6 * 3.2 cm囊性包块(其上缘接近孕囊),其内可见细点状回声,可见蠕动,其血流丰富,子宫肌层及双侧宫旁血管扩张,较宽处约0.5 cm。B超提示:宫腔上段偏右孕囊回声,不除外宫角妊娠可能,子宫肌层囊性包块,血管畸形所致可能,如图1。检测血HCG:105,400.00 mIU/mL,建议住院进一步治疗。入院后积极完善相关辅助检查,盆腔增强CT示:子宫底偏右侧见椭圆形低密度结节影,大小约2.3 * 1.4 cm。右前壁见囊实性团块影,截面约5.6 * 4.4 cm,增强见多发粗大迂曲动脉及引流静脉血管影,提示:子宫底偏右侧低密度结节,结合妇科超声检查,子宫右前壁囊实性团块伴多发粗大迂曲血管,动静脉畸形待排(该病例报道已获得该患者的知情同意)。
患者入院后积极完善相关检查,并经讨论决定:为预防术中异常出血,危及患者生命,先行子宫动静脉造影及栓塞术,再行腹腔镜探查术,根据术中探查情况决定具体手术方式。患者于2021-03-31 13:30行子宫动静脉造影及栓塞术,术中见子宫动脉迂曲、子宫染色增大,右侧可见异常迂曲血管团,如图2,遂行子宫动脉栓塞术。
图1. 子宫右前壁丰富血管团及走形
图2. (a) 右侧异常的血管团;(b) 双侧子宫动脉;(c) 介入治疗术后
术后于2021-03-31 15:20随之行腹腔镜下右侧宫角妊娠切开 + 妊娠组织清除术 + 左侧输卵管系膜囊肿切除术 + 盆腔黏连松解术。术中见:大网膜与右侧腹壁膜状粘连,子宫增大如50余天妊娠大小,暗红色,表面满布膜状粘连带,子宫右侧宫角膨大突出,大小约4 * 4 * 4 cm,壁薄。右侧输卵管缺如,右侧卵巢表面满布膜状粘连带,左侧附件表面见膜状粘连带。如图3。
图3. (a) 妊娠组织;(b) 修补术后子宫
手术经过:超声刀分离粘连。双极电凝右侧宫角部肌层,横行切开宫角肌层至宫腔,钝性剥离,见机化的绒毛组织及血凝块约4 * 4 * 3 cm,边界清,完整剥离后置于标本袋中取出。冲洗创面,查无活动性出血,手术过程顺利,此次术中出血量仅20 ML,故在宫角妊娠合并子宫动静脉畸形情况下,为避免术中大出血危机生命,应先行子宫动静脉造影及栓塞术,后行腹腔镜探查术。
患者既往行右侧宫角妊娠切开 + 妊娠组织清除术 + 右侧输卵管切除 + 盆腔黏连松解术,术后因“宫腔粘连”未见月经来潮,1年前出现欠规律的月经周期,考虑宫腔粘连有所好转,有妊娠可能,宫角妊娠患者临床表现有停经、伴有或不伴有阴道流血,宫角破裂时可出现剧烈腹痛及休克症状,宫角妊娠宫角妊娠有3种结局:第一种情况为胚胎发育不良,自然流产;第二种情况为孕囊向宫腔生长,妊娠或可延至晚期甚至自然分娩;而第三种情况是则是孕囊向宫腔外扩展生长,使宫角膨胀外凸,宫角部肌层组织逐渐变薄,最终导致血运丰富的宫角部肌层破裂,发生致命的大出血 [
子宫动静脉畸形是一种较为罕见的血管畸形,其发病原因分为先天性与后天性 [
本例提示:在临床工作中,对于有多次子宫手术史者应行B超检查排除子宫动静脉畸形,可疑者可行增强CT,必要时应该做子宫动脉造影以明确诊断 [
郭璐璐,郭美玲,李秋平,李贝贝,王 蓁. 宫角妊娠合并子宫动静脉畸形1例并文献复习Corner Pregnancy Complicated with Uterine Arteriovenous Malformation: A Case Report and Literature Review[J]. 临床医学进展, 2021, 11(07): 3180-3184. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2021.117461