为进一步对长丰鲢的优良性状进行挖掘,本文开展了长丰鲢和鲢的耗氧率与窒息点的比较研究。结果显示:在水温25℃ ± 0.5℃范围内,体质量80~130 g、体长17.1~21.8 cm的长丰鲢和鲢的平均耗氧率分别为0.0875 mg/(g∙h)和0.1251 mg/(g∙h);长丰鲢和鲢耗氧率呈现昼夜节律变化。鲢的平均耗氧率明显高于长丰鲢(P < 0.05)。水温22.5℃ ± 0.5℃范围,长丰鲢和鲢的窒息点分别为0.21 mg/L和0.27 mg/L,长丰鲢的窒息点明显低于鲢(P < 0.05)。并分析了它们的耗氧率的昼夜变化规律以及窒息点的差异原因,讨论了长丰鲢耗氧率与窒息点低于鲢的可能性原因。 In order to further excavate the fine characteristics of Changfeng silver car, the oxygen consumption rate and asphyxiant point of Changfeng silver carp and silver carp were studied preliminarily. The results showed that oxygen consumption rates of Changfeng silver carp and silver carp were 0.0875, 0.1251.5 mg/(g·h) (the water temperature was 25˚C ± 0.5˚C; fish bodylength was 17.1 - 21.8 cm; and body weight was 80 - 130 g) and there were an apparent difference on the oxygen consumptions of Changfeng carp and silver carp during the day and night. The average oxygen consumption rate of silver carp was significantly higher than that of Changfengsilver carp (P < 0.05). The suffocation points of Changfeng silver carp and silver carp were 0.21, and 0.27 mg/L (the average water temperature was 22.5˚C ± 0.5˚C). The suffocation point of Changfeng silver carp was significantly lower than that of silver carp (P < 0.05). The diurnal variation of oxygen consumption rate and the reasons for the difference of asphyxiation point were analyzed for Changfeng silver carp and silver carp. The possible reasons why oxygen consumption rate and asphyxiation point of Changfeng silver carp is lower than silver carp were also discussed.
为进一步对长丰鲢的优良性状进行挖掘,本文开展了长丰鲢和鲢的耗氧率与窒息点的比较研究。结果显示:在水温25℃ ± 0.5℃范围内,体质量80~130 g、体长17.1~21.8 cm的长丰鲢和鲢的平均耗氧率分别为0.0875 mg/(g∙h)和0.1251 mg/(g∙h);长丰鲢和鲢耗氧率呈现昼夜节律变化。鲢的平均耗氧率明显高于长丰鲢(P < 0.05)。水温22.5℃ ± 0.5℃范围,长丰鲢和鲢的窒息点分别为0.21 mg/L和0.27 mg/L,长丰鲢的窒息点明显低于鲢(P < 0.05)。并分析了它们的耗氧率的昼夜变化规律以及窒息点的差异原因,讨论了长丰鲢耗氧率与窒息点低于鲢的可能性原因。
长丰鲢,鲢,耗氧率,窒息点
Xiangzhong Luo, Guiwei Zou*, Hongwei Liang, Hang Sha, Dan Wang
Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan Hubei
Received: Nov. 19th, 2020; accepted: Dec. 8th, 2020; published: Dec. 15th, 2020
In order to further excavate the fine characteristics of Changfeng silver car, the oxygen consumption rate and asphyxiant point of Changfeng silver carp and silver carp were studied preliminarily. The results showed that oxygen consumption rates of Changfeng silver carp and silver carp were 0.0875, 0.1251.5 mg/(g·h) (the water temperature was 25˚C ± 0.5˚C; fish bodylength was 17.1 - 21.8 cm; and body weight was 80 - 130 g) and there were an apparent difference on the oxygen consumptions of Changfeng carp and silver carp during the day and night. The average oxygen consumption rate of silver carp was significantly higher than that of Changfengsilver carp (P < 0.05). The suffocation points of Changfeng silver carp and silver carp were 0.21, and 0.27 mg/L (the average water temperature was 22.5˚C ± 0.5˚C). The suffocation point of Changfeng silver carp was significantly lower than that of silver carp (P < 0.05). The diurnal variation of oxygen consumption rate and the reasons for the difference of asphyxiation point were analyzed for Changfeng silver carp and silver carp. The possible reasons why oxygen consumption rate and asphyxiation point of Changfeng silver carp is lower than silver carp were also discussed.
Keywords:Changfeng Silver Carp, Silver Carp, Oxygen Consumption Rate, Asphyxiant Point
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长丰鲢是中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所自1987年开始采用人工雌核发育、群选群育和分子标记辅助选择等技术方法历经20余年培育而成的鲢新品种,该新品种2010年通过全国水产原种和良种审定委员会审定(证书编号:GS-01-001-2010),成为中国“四大家鱼”第一个水产新品种 [
该实验于2019年12月1日至12月30日在中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所试验场的农业农村部鲢遗传育种中心进行。实验组长丰鲢来源于该育种中心,对照组鲢(长江水系)来源于该试验场。其中长丰鲢体质量101 ± 18 g,鲢105 ± 23 g。实验鱼在试验前一周暂养在该育种中心养殖车间的玻璃纤维缸里,并以网罩住以防其逃跑及跳跃。试验时选取个体健康、活泼、无伤痕、体色正常、体形完整的个体进行试验。
本实验用水均为曝气3 d的自来水,水温控制在20℃~27℃,pH值7.0 ± 0.2,溶解氧为7.6~8.9 mg/L。
采用封闭静水式试验装置测定耗氧率,整体参考陈宁生和施泉芳 [
耗氧率的计算为测定一昼夜鱼体每克体重所消耗的溶氧量。分别计算出每2 h每克鱼所消耗的溶氧量,与一昼夜平均每1 h所消耗的溶氧量。
采用静水封闭式呼吸室测定其耗氧量,呼吸室容积为60 L的白色带盖的塑料箱,将装满曝气的自来水注入呼吸室,根据鱼体规格大小分别投放8~10尾实验所需材料鱼,用双层薄膜密封后加盖严实。呼吸室用加热棒控温,为2组,每组在鱼体同规格、同水温下设3个平行组,并设一空白对照。测量时打开呼吸室盖板与薄膜伸入溶氧仪探头进行溶氧测定,每次测定3次,测定结果取平均值为准。以试验鱼出现半数侧卧、呼吸刚停止或接近停止时的水体溶解氧含量作为该种鱼的窒息点。分别测定其第一尾鱼死亡、半致死和全死时的水体的溶氧量。并同时观测其呼吸频率并观察鱼体活动表现。
实验所有测定数据按Excel数据处理软件进行统计分析,分别取平均值与标准差。所有试验各组间统计的平均值用F检验法检验其差异显著性。
长丰鲢和鲢的耗氧率见表1和图1所示。
类别 | 耗氧率[mg/(g∙h)] 平均值 ± 标准差 | 平均耗氧率[mg/(g∙h)] 平均值 ± 标准差 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
时间 | 5:30 | 7:30 | 9:30 | 11:30 | 13:30 | 15: 30 | 17:30 | 19:30 | 21:30 | 23:30 | 1:30 | 3:30 | |
长丰鲢 | 0.053 ± 0.008 | 0.069 ± 0.011 | 0.078 ± 0.016 | 0.083 ± 0.014 | 0.089 ± 0.017 | 0.097 ± 0.015 | 0.122 ± 0.019 | 0.108 ± 0.012 | 0.101 ± 0.014 | 0.094 ± 0.013 | 0.082 ± 0.010 | 0.074 ± 0.007 | 0.0875 |
鲢 | 0.071 ± 0.014 | 0.094 ± 0.018 | 0.128 ± 0.020 | 0.138 ± 0.022 | 0.142 ± 0.017 | 0.153 ±0.025 | 0.172 ± 0.027 | 0.146 ± 0.018 | 0.132 ± 0.016 | 0.120 ± 0.012 | 0.113 ± 0.011 | 0.092 ± 0.010 | 0.1251 |
表1. 长丰鲢和鲢的耗氧率(水温25℃ ± 0.5℃)
图1. 水温25℃ ± 0.5℃下长丰鲢和鲢的耗氧率昼夜变化
从表1和图1可看出,在25℃ ± 0.5℃水温下,长丰鲢与鲢耗氧率呈现昼夜变化规律,清晨5:30至傍晚17:30,耗氧率逐渐随时间变化增加,傍晚17:30至翌日5:30,耗氧率则随时间推移逐渐递减,下半夜3:30至清晨5:30间耗氧率相对较低。长丰鲢和鲢两种鱼在晨5:30时左右耗氧率最低,分别为0.053、0.071 mg/(g∙h);傍晚17:30时耗氧率达峰值,长丰鲢和鲢分别为0.122、0.172 mg/(g∙h)。一昼夜平均耗氧率长丰鲢和鲢分别为0.0875、0.1251 mg/(g∙h)。即长丰鲢较鲢的平均耗氧率低30.1%,呈显著性差异(P < 0.05)。
在封闭静水条件下测量了长丰鲢与鲢的窒息点,其测量分析统计结果见表2所示。
从表2中可看出在水温22.5℃ ± 0.5℃的条件下,体重80~130 g的长丰鲢和鲢的窒息点分别为0.19~0.23 mg/L、0.24~0.30 mg/L。鲢窒息点比长丰鲢高28.57%,长丰鲢较鲢更耐低氧环境。
实验鱼在密闭静水呼吸室内适应后,实验开始时自由游动,平静呼吸,鳃盖开闭呼吸频率(41~52)次/min。水体溶解氧含量随试验鱼呼吸运动时间延长而不断下降,达呼吸临界点时,鱼群开始显示急躁不安,上窜频繁,试图浮到水面呼吸空气。其个体在水中连续急游数次,然后侧卧在容器底面,鳃盖和嘴的开闭频率加快。连续数次之后,试验鱼侧卧在水底,呼吸频率减慢,为(27~35)次/min,后逐渐减少直至呼吸停止。不同个体鱼窒息时间稍有不同。
溶解氧(mg/L) 平均值 ± 标准差 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
种类 | 体长(cm) | 体质量(g) | 第一尾死亡 | 半数死亡 | 全部死亡 |
长丰鲢 | 17.8~20.7 | 85~120 | 0.51 ± 0.02 | 0.21 ± 0.02 | 0.18 ± 0.01 |
鲢 | 17.5~21.6 | 80~130 | 0.59 ± 0.03 | 0.27 ± 0.03 | 0.22 ± 0.02 |
表2. 长丰鲢和鲢的窒息点(水温22.5℃ ± 0.5℃)
鱼的耗氧率是鱼体内代谢的反映,不同时间段耗氧率的高低间接反映了鱼在这个时间段的新陈代谢水平。一般认为鱼类耗氧率昼夜节律性变化有3种类型:① 日间高于夜间,这些鱼白天进食活动较频繁,属于“昼出夜伏型”;② 日间低于夜间,这些鱼属于“昼伏夜出型”;③ 日间与夜间相似,日间和夜间均可进食,耗氧率无明显的节律性 [
长丰鲢比鲢的平均耗氧率低30.01%,呈显著性差异(P < 0.05)。这可能与长丰鲢采用的异源灭活的兴国红鲤精子有关,其雌核发育个体整合了兴国红鲤的遗传物质 [
一般普遍认为同一品种鱼类,水温越低,鱼类窒息点相应越低 [
通常鱼类耗氧率测定多采用流水封闭式呼吸室装置,并用传统的Winkler碘量法 [
呼吸室用定制的玻璃容器或有机玻璃容器带盖制成,加满水后使用双层薄膜(开有小孔)覆盖水面再加盖可阻止空气进入水体引起溶氧误差。测量时只需开盖后从薄膜小孔伸入探头测量即可,测完马上加盖封闭,操作简便可行。水体溶氧在密闭呼吸室中消耗量,更能真实地说明试验鱼在其中运动与代谢呼吸所需的溶氧量;并与自然水体如静水池塘环境相一致,更能说明其基础耗氧。当然要保持测量更加精准、高效,还有待于更进一步的革新测试装置,改进测量方式或方法。
1) 国家“十三五”大宗淡水鱼产业技术体系项目(CARS-45-01),2) 国家重点研发计划“淡水鱼类抗病与抗逆性状形成的分子机理”(2018YFD0900302)。
罗相忠,邹桂伟,梁宏伟,沙 航,王 丹. 长丰鲢与鲢的耗氧率以及窒息点比较研究Studies on the Oxygen Consumption Rate and Asphyxiant Point of Changfeng Silver Carp and Silver Carp[J]. 水产研究, 2020, 07(04): 182-187. https://doi.org/10.12677/OJFR.2020.74026