近年来关于慢性阻塞性肺疾病与呼吸道微生态的研究引起了大众的关注,人们通过不同的方法,如培养法、涂片法及近年的PCR法等对COPD不同病程中的微生物进行研究发现:① 金黄色葡萄球菌、卡他莫拉菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌在COPD的病程中起到推动作用;② 激素的使用会影响COPD呼吸道的微生态,进而影响治疗;③ AECOPD中最常见的病毒为鼻病毒,其次为流感病毒,呼吸道合胞病毒也占一定比例;④ 增强免疫力的药物可能会对COPD患者病情缓解及减少急性加重带来获益。 In recent years, research on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory tract microecology has aroused public attention. People have used different methods, such as the culture method, smear method, and PCR method in recent years, to study the microorganisms in different courses of COPD and find that: ① Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae play a driving role in the course of COPD; ② The use of hormones will affect the microecology of COPD respiratory tract, and then affect treatment; ③ The most common virus in AECOPD is Nasal Viruses, followed by Influenza viruses, and Respiratory syncytial viruses also account for a certain proportion; ④ Drugs that enhance immunity may benefit patients with COPD and reduce their acute exacerbations.
段兴秋. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病与呼吸道微生态的关系研究进展Research Progress on the Relationship between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Respiratory Microecology[J]. 临床医学进展, 2020, 10(06): 884-889. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2020.106135
参考文献References
葛均波, 徐永健. 内科学[M]. 第8版. 北京: 北京人民卫生出版社, 2014.
Martin, C., Burgel, P.R., Lepage, P., et al. (2015) Host-Microbe Interactions in Distal Airways: Relevance to Chronic Airway Diseases. European Respiratory Review, 24, 78-91. https://doi.org/10.1183/09059180.00011614
于文凯, 徐星澈, 袁晓鹏, 文姝. 呼吸道菌群与呼吸系统疾病研究进展[J]. 重庆医学, 2014(28): 3802-3805.
Fonkou, M.D., Dufour, J.C., Dubourg, G., et al. (2018) Repertoire of Bacterial Species Cultured from the Human Oral Cavity and Respiratory Tract. Future Microbiology, 13, 1611-1624. https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2018-0181
Kobeshavidze, N., Chikviladze, D., Gachechiladze, Kh. and Mikeladze, M. (2019) The Microbial Structure of the Mucous Membrane of the Respiratory Tract in Premature Infants. Georgian Medical News, 288, 131-135.
Dy, R. and Sethi, S. (2016) The Lung Microbiome and Exacerbations of COPD. Current Opinion in Pulmonary, 22, 196-202. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCP.0000000000000268
党如意, 赵晨阳, 樊兴, 赵子龙, 蒋新格, 李革. 香烟烟雾暴露对正常小鼠下呼吸道菌群分布的影响[J]. 山东医药, 2018, 58(20): 9-12.
Okimoto, N., Sunagawa, N., Asaoka, N., et al. (1999) Influence of Steroid Inhalation Therapy on Microorganism of Respiratory Infections in Patients with Bronchial Asthma. Kansenshogaku Zasshi, 73, 1165-1166. https://doi.org/10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.73.1165
Yang, M., Chen, H., Zhang, Y., et al. (2017) Long-Term Use of Inhaled Corticosteroids and Risk of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Inhalation Toxicology, 29, 219-226. https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2017.1346006
Stolz, D., Hirsch, H.H., Schilter, D., et al. (2018) Intensified Therapy with Inhaled Corticosteroids and Long-Acting β2-Agonists at the Onset of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection to Prevent Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations. A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 197, 1136-1146. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201709-1807OC
Kolsum, U., Donaldson, G.C., Singh, R., et al. (2017) Blood and Sputum Eosinophils in COPD; Relationship with Bacterial Load. Respiratory Research, 18, 88. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-017-0570-5
刘雪梅, 杨岚. 聚合酶链式反应方法筛查慢性阻塞性肺疾病常见致病菌[J]. 西安交通大学学报(医学版), 2013, 34(1): 68-72.
刘雁冰, 李陶, 肖林, 胡东曙, 周粉乐, 靳晓宇, 刘丹, 戢杨. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期下呼吸道细菌定植与疾病分级、评估的相关性[J]. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2018, 11(6): 708-712.
温庆辉, 高元妹, 黎凤英, 郭志勤, 万德胜, 罗润弟. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者下呼吸道细菌定植与急性加重的相关性分析[J]. 广东医学院学报, 2015, 33(3): 292-295.
洪克付, 刘杨, 姚春勇. 稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者呼吸道细菌定植与炎性细胞关系的研究[J]. 疑难病杂志, 2013, 12(4): 278-280.
Wang, Z., Maschera, B., Lea, S., et al. (2019) Airway Host-Microbiome Interactions in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Respiratory Research, 20, 113. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-019-1085-z
Su, Y.C., Jalalvand, F., Thegerström, J., et al. (2018) The Interplay Between Immune Response and Bacterial Infection in COPD: Focus Upon Non-Typeable Haemophilus influenzae. Frontiers in Immunology, 9, 2530. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02530
Gallego, M., Pomares, X., Capilla, S., et al. (2016) C-Reactive Protein in Outpatients with Acute Exacerbation of COPD: Its Relationship with Microbial Etiology and Severity. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 11, 2633-2640. https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S117129
常春, 姚婉贞, 陈亚红, 刘振英, 张晓伟. 血清降钙素原对慢性阻塞性肺疾病加重期患者下呼吸道细菌感染的诊断价值[J]. 北京大学学报(医学版), 2006(4): 389-392.
Soler, N., Torres, A., Ewig, S., et al. (1998) Bronchial Microbial Patterns in Severe Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Requiring Mechanical Ventilation. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 157, 1498-1505. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.157.5.9711044
Lusuardi, M., Capelli, A., Di Stefano, A., et al. (2003) Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Outpatients with Tracheostomy and Persistent Colonization by P. aeruginosa. Respiratory Medicine, 97, 1205-1210. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0954-6111(03)00231-2
李冰玉, 肖纯凌, 李新鸣, 杨彪, 张瑜, 邹杨. 沈阳市夏冬季慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者上呼吸道微生态状况[J]. 中国微生态学杂志, 2019, 31(3): 269-272.
谢媛媛, 欧阳玥, 翟福利, 蔡晓聪. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期气道病原体季节变化的前瞻性观察队列研究[J]. 临床肺科杂志, 2019, 24(1): 65-69.
谭丽思. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者口腔及呼吸道内定植菌群的检测及同源性分析[D]: [博士学位论文]. 沈阳: 中国医科大学, 2011.
邢晓莉, 马宏境, 张节平, 黄少祥. 天津滨海新区慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者病毒感染分析[J]. 中国医学创新, 2019, 16(30): 143-146.
Wedzicha, J.A. (2004) Role of Viruses in Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society, 1, 115-120. https://doi.org/10.1513/pats.2306030
陈晓, 何和章, 林容, 陈亚芳, 黎健. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期住院患者病毒感染危险因素分析[J]. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2016, 26(19): 4452-4454.
陈纯, 肖艳君, 唐春利, 吴忠辉, 蒋杰瑾, 陆玲丽. 呼吸道病毒感染与慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重的关系分析[J]. 齐齐哈尔医学院学报, 2018, 39(2): 181-183.
蔡蓉, 宋琳, 杨天芸, 张悦, 郭雪君. 呼吸道病毒感染与慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重的关系[J]. 现代生物医学进展, 2014, 14(30): 5870-5873.
Zhao, L.C. (2019) Respiratory Virus Infections and Inflammatory Cytokines in Hospitalized Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. China Medical Abstracts (Internal Medicine), 36, 38-39.
张正玲, 张翊玲, 路苹, 陈开琴, 吴莉莉, 姚红梅. EB病毒感染对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期炎症反应影响41例临床研究[J]. 中国实用内科杂志, 2019, 39(2): 153-157.
陈纯, 唐春利, 吴忠辉, 陆玲丽, 蒋杰瑾, 陈智. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病呼吸道病毒感染患者肺功能与血清免疫球蛋白轻链的相关性研究[J]. 河北医药, 2018, 40(15): 2344-2346.
Kokturk, N., Bozdayi, G., Yilmaz, S., et al. (2015) Detection of Adenovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Exacerbation versus Stable Condition. Molecular Medicine Reports, 12, 3039-3046. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.3681
鄢莉宏. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者稳定期呼吸道合胞病毒感染与气道炎症的关系研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 上海: 复旦大学, 2010.
徐少华, 王伟, 柏玉红, 柳相珍, 邵红艳, 赵业芳. 病毒感染对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者气道炎症的作用[J]. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2004(11): 13-15.
Singanayagam, A., Glanville, N., Girkin, J.L., et al. (2018) Corticosteroid Suppression of Antiviral Immunity Increases Bacterial Loads and Mucus Production in COPD Exacerbations. Nature Communications, 9, 2229. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04574-1
Singanayagam, A., Loo, S.L., Calderazzo, M.A., et al. (2019) Anti-Viral Immunity Is Impaired in COPD Patients with Frequent Exacerbations. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 317, L893-L903. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00253.2019
Clancy, R.L. and Cripps, A.W. (2019) An Oral Whole-Cell Killed Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Immunotherapeutic for the Prevention of Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Airway Disease. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 14, 2423-2431. https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S217317
吴艳, 惠复新, 赵寅滢, 范晓东, 卞涛. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者病毒感染状况及与T淋巴细胞免疫功能的关系[J]. 山东大学学报(医学版), 2011, 49(11): 117-119, 124.
褚璨灿, 师为人, 陈云志, 等. 从调节肠道菌群探讨中医药治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病的相关性[J]. 贵阳中医学院学报, 2019, 41(1): 64-69.
Li, K.L., Wang, B.Z., Li, Z.P., et al. (2019) Alterations of Intestinal Flora and the Effects of Probiotics in Children with Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infection. World Journal of Pediatrics, 15, 255-261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-019-00248-0
Marsland, B.J., Trompette, A. and Gollwitzer, E.S. (2015) The Gut-Lung Axis in Respiratory Disease. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 12, S150-S156.
Dumas, A., Bernard, L., Poquet, Y., et al. (2018) The Role of the Lung Microbiota and the Gut-Lung Axis in Respiratory Infectious Diseases. Cellular Microbiology, 20, e12966. https://doi.org/10.1111/cmi.12966