本文归纳总结了气候变化对水文水资源不确定性研究进展以及不确定性的应用领域。气候变化下的不确定性主要源于人的认识受限,并将很多因素归结为人类活动导致引起,却忽视了系统自身存在的不确定性。总结了常用的不确定评估方法,对未来气候变化的不确定性进行了预估并提出了明确的研究方向和指导建议,旨在更为准确地对水文不确定性进行研究和评估预测,对全球气候变化背景下寻求变化相应对策、促进水资源可持续利用等方面具有重要意义。 This paper summarized the research progress and application fields on hydrology and water resources on the uncertainty of climate change. It was mainly due to the limited understanding of human beings about the hydrology and water resources uncertainties under climate change. Although scholars and experts attributed many factors to human activities, they ignored the uncertainties of the system itself. The paper summarized the common uncertainty assessment methods and estimated the uncertainty of future climate change to study and forecast the hydrology uncertainty more accurately. At the same time, the paper came up with clear research direction and guidance recommendations. It is significant to seek change adaptation countermeasures and promote sustainable use of water resources in the context of global climate change.
① 从数据获取分析与野外实验方面相结合来减少不确定性(高分辨率、遥感、地面雷达信息同化融合,建立多时空尺度数据集,加强野外试验观测);基于大数据技术融合多源数据,增加输入资料的精确性与完备性。② 改进已有模型(需考虑模型不均匀性、量化水文模型、改善模型结构)。③ 新方法的研究(发展基于尺度及多尺度理论、非线性水文动力模式和生态水文关系、复杂系统分析方法、计算智能模拟方法等新的水文理论;开发新的多尺度水文空间分布式模拟方法,以描述内在的水文多尺度不均匀性、非线性、复杂性和尺度现象),加强完善理论方法,在提高水文循环过程机理认识和减少不确定性应用中发展变化环境下的水文学理论(随机水文学、模糊水文学、灰色系统水文学的学科体系)。④ 未来应加强以气候自然变异、人为气候变化和人类活动三源分解的环境变化影响研究,增加水文模型与区域气候模式的多项耦合程度。
强安丰,汪 妮,莫淑红,魏 霞. 气候变化对水文水资源影响评价的不确定研究进展Review for Impact Assessment of Climate Change on Hydrology and Water Resources in Uncertainties Research[J]. 水资源研究, 2020, 09(02): 169-178. https://doi.org/10.12677/JWRR.2020.92018
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