在城市化快速发展和极端暴雨天气频发的背景下,我国很多城市频频遭遇暴雨内涝灾害。低影响开发是一种新的城市雨洪管理理念,它是通过减少降雨径流来降低城市化带来的影响,对改善城市内涝现象有明显的效果。本文以长沙市某城区为例,基于SWMM模型对该研究区的排水管网现状和5种LID改造方案进行模拟评估,并采用层次分析(AHP)法对比分析不同LID改造方案的效果。结果表明:在50年一遇的降雨情境下59%的管井节点发生了不同程度的溢流现象,其溢流总量可达126,041 m3;LID改造方案可以有效减少管井溢流,缓解内涝灾害;其中改造方案一为防洪排涝效益最优方案,方案二为成本效益最优方案,方案三为社会效益最优方案;综合排涝效益、成本效益和社会效益三个方面的权重比例,通过计算得到方案三为最优改造方案。该研究可以指导城市LID改造措施选取,有助于缓解城市内涝灾害。 In the context of rapid urbanization and frequent extreme rainstorm, many cities in our country fre-quently suffer from waterlogging disasters. Low impact development is a new urban flood management idea, which reduces the impact of urbanization by reducing rainfall runoff and brings obvious effects on improving urban waterlogging. An urban area in Changsha is taken as an example in this paper, the current drainage capacity of drainage pipe networks and five LID reconstruction schemes are simulated and evaluated based on SWMM model, and the effects of different LID reconstruction schemes are analyzed with AHP method. The results show that different degrees of overflow occur for 59% of the nodes under the 50-year rainfall, and the total amount of node overflow can reach 126,041m3. LID schemes can help to reduce the amount of node overflow and alleviate urban waterlogging disaster. The first scheme is the best scheme for flood control and drainage benefits, the second scheme is the best scheme for cost benefits, and the third scheme is the best scheme for social benefits. Considering the weight values of drainage benefit, cost benefit and social benefit, the calculation results show the third scheme is the best one. This study can guide the selection of LID reconstruction schemes and provide ideas for urban waterlogging disaster reduction.
城市内涝,SWMM,LID,层次分析法, Urban Waterlogging
SWMM
LID
Analytic Hierarchy Process
基于SWMM的LID改造措施模拟与评估研究
王运涛,王 昊,王 猛,吴 仪,刘海星,黄河洵. 基于SWMM的LID改造措施模拟与评估研究Study on the Simulation and Evaluation of LID Adaptation Measures Based on SWMM[J]. 水资源研究, 2020, 09(01): 22-32. https://doi.org/10.12677/JWRR.2020.91003
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