Research Progress on TCM Treatment of Deep Venous Thrombosis of Lower Limbs
As the third major vascular disease, deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremity not only seriously affects our quality of life, but also has serious complications that endanger our life and health. After thousands of years of continuous practice and development, traditional Chinese medicine has played a prominent role in the clinical treatment and prevention of deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs. Lower extremity deep vein thrombosis, called “femoral swelling” in traditional Chinese medicine, “dampness, heat, stasis, deficiency” is the most important cause of femoral swelling, although the syndrome types summarized by different doctors have not been unified, but nothing more than these four main pathogeneses. According to the different etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical classification of patients, modern doctors have formulated targeted treatment measures using TCM internal administration and TCM external treatment. This article mainly focuses on the etiology, pathogenesis, and main syndrome differentiation to analyze the lower extremity deep vein thrombosis and summarizes the clinical research progress of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of this disease in recent years, in order to provide a reference for the future use of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis.
Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis
下肢深静脉血栓形成是指血液以一种病理性的方式在下肢深静脉内凝结起来,进而引起的静脉血液回流性障碍,尤其多发生于下肢,是最为常见的下肢静脉疾病,为当今第三大血管疾病。血栓一旦脱落后形成栓子,进入血液循环,容易在肺动脉形成肺栓塞(PE),急性肺栓塞增高肺动脉压力,降低肺泡与氧气交换的功能,出现低氧血症,引起咯血、呼吸困难,严重的导致死亡
根据中医药管理局发布的《中医病证诊断疗效标准》,下肢深静脉血栓此疾病中医命名为“股肿”
中医干预现在最主要包括中药内服及中医外治法。中药的应用可畅通机体气血运行,优化血流动力学状态,助力身体各脏腑血液供应与运作;而外治,如针灸等方法,可调动脏腑功能,刺激机体的正气而改善机体气血情况,让身体自主恢复平衡,降低DVT的发生。而随着医疗技术等的不断进步,各项防治措施都有其最佳适用情况,临证运用时需结合具体情况具体辨证分析。
目前国内对下肢深静脉血栓的中医证型尚未形成统一意见,众多医家根据其主要“湿、热、瘀、虚”的病因病机,结合长期的临床实践及观察研究,提出了清热利湿、益气活血、活血化瘀等治疗原则。以下总结了一些常见的分型及治疗:① 血瘀湿阻型:患者下肢肿胀疼痛,皮色紫暗,或有瘀斑,肢体沉重,活动后加重,舌紫暗或有瘀点,苔白腻,脉弦涩。刘典坤
以上种种观察研究表明,中药内服在治疗各种下肢深静脉血栓形成的治疗中起着至关重要的作用,有效地改善凝血功能、降低炎性指标、提高血管再通率,且未见明显不良反应及出血倾向。
张仁强
王园
崔玉志
张蒙蒙
综上所述,下肢深静脉血栓是人类和临床工作者长久面临的一大医学难题,对患者的日常生活造成了很大的影响,早诊断、早治疗、及时预防是目前防治该疾病最有效的手段。渊源流传的中医是历代众多医家的智慧结晶,在下肢深静脉血栓的治疗中发挥着不可或缺的作用,其根据引起的病因病机及不同的证型采取辨证论治,并结合“简、便、验、廉”的中医外治适宜技术,使治疗效果成倍提升,这将成为预防该病及临床治疗该病的有效疗法。
*第一作者。
#通讯作者。